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Squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) is the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. It plays a crucial role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Increasing evidence shows that SQLE is closely related to the occurrence, development, metastasis, and poor prognosis of various cancers. SQLE can not only promote the proliferation of cancer cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation but also play an important role in maintaining the stemness of cancer stem cells and regulating cholesterol homeostasis. SQLE may be a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. In this review, the role of SQLE in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in vivo; its function in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of various cancers; and its molecular mechanism were summarized. Screening new SQLE inhibitors may provide new ideas for targeted cancer therapy.

The detection rate of gastric submucosal tumor (SMT) and early gastric cancer has been increasing year by year. The type of treatment should be selected to keep gastric function as more as possible because of both SMT and early gastric cancer with good prognosis. Endoscopy and the combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery can be the choice. Laparoscopic intragastric surgery (LIGS) contains the advantages of both laparoscopy and endoscopy and can be performed by the surgeon only. LIGS has been applied to gastric submucosal tumors and early gastric cancer based on the continuous improvement of the procedure and instruments of LIGS. The application including the advantage and disadvantage of LIGS were reviewed in this paper.

Background: Melanoma is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis and increasing global incidence. Little is known about the burden of melanoma in eastern Chinese cities, as the results of previous studies are inconsistent or unclear., Methods: In this study, we collected incidence rate data from the Ningbo National Health Information Platform, diagnostic data from the Ningbo Clinicopathological Diagnosis Center, and other relevant data from the Ningbo Bureau of Statistics to evaluate temporal trends and geographic variation in melanoma incidence and to analyze the relationship between melanoma incidence and medical resource availability., Results: The incidence of melanoma in Ningbo has increased significantly in the past 8 years. In 2018, melanoma incidence in Ningbo was 521.67% higher than that in 2011, which was higher than the increase in the national rate. This may be a result of our study including early melanoma, which has a faster increase rate than invasive melanoma. The incidence rate of melanoma in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural districts. From 2011 to 2018, the incidence rate in rural districts increased by 794.15%, which was significantly higher than the incidence rate increase in urban areas (245.03%)., Conclusions: All indicators relating to medical resources had a significant positive impact on melanoma incidence, indicating that the low incidence of melanoma is partly due to a lack of medical resources, which can lead to delayed treatment and increased disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Therefore, it is necessary to continue to strengthen investment in medical resources, especially in China's rural areas and western regions where medical resources are less available.