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At present, the relevant regulatory bodies overseeing railway and urban rail transit infrastructure monitoring universally mandate the utilization of automated monitoring techniques and real-time transmission of monitoring data to network platforms. The conventional manual geodetic leveling method is excessively time-consuming and labor-intensive, failing to meet contemporary industry standards. To rectify the issue of automated total station vertical displacement monitoring accuracy not meeting manual geodetic leveling precision, an indirect elevation measurement approach grounded in fundamental principles was implemented to alleviate earth curvature and atmospheric refraction effects on vertical displacement monitoring. Initially, the design of the automated monitoring route was based on the principle of "adjacent points with similar observation distances". Subsequent preprocessing of zenith distance and distance measurements ensured compliance with field observation data limits, thereby ensuring original observation data accuracy. Finally, a leveling route adjustment computed elevation values for each monitored point. Exemplary analysis demonstrates that under specific conditions the method fulfills second-class leveling accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]