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Background: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the endoscopic diagnoses in dyspeptic patients presenting to the only tertiary care hospital in Somalia. Methods: This study was a retrospective study based on the data of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients referred to our center for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy due to dyspepsia between November 2021 and April 2022. Demographic data, histopathological diagnoses, the presence or absence of H. pylori infection, and the correlation between H. pylori infection and endoscopic diagnoses were analyzed. Results: Overall, 634 patients were included. Among these, 363 (57.3%) were male and 271 (42.7%) were female, and the mean age was (standard deviation) 45.42 (±15.71). The H. pylori infection was detected in 299 (47.2%) patients. It was more common in males than females (57.1% vs. 42.9%) and aged between 31 and 45 years (37%). Gastritis was the most common endoscopic diagnosis (n = 184, 29%), followed by duodenal ulcer (n = 145, 22.9%) and gastric ulcer (n = 89, 14%). The least common diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (n = 10, 1.6%). There was a strong correlation between H. pylori infection and gastritis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.494–3.006, odds ratio [OR]: 2.119, P < 0.00005). However, H. pylori infection was also correlated with duodenal ulcer (95% CI: 1.123–2.371, OR: 1.631, P < 0.010), gastric cancer (95% CI: 2.809–14.646, OR: 6.414, P < 0.001), gastric ulcer (95% CI: 2.792–7.995, OR: 4.725, P < 0.005), and GIST (95% CI: 1.305–82.306, OR: 10.366, P < 0.027). Conclusion: H. pylori infection was found to be associated with gastritis duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, and GIST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The etiopathogenesis of ADHD involves genetic, environmental, psychological, and brain structural variables. Inflammation is one ADHD etiology study field. Galectin-3 may enhance inflammation by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study examined the link between blood galectin-3 concentrations and ADHD severity and levels in children with ADHD. Methods: The clinic treated 34 first-time ADHD patients aged 5.2-14.1. Non-psychotropic first-time diagnoses were chosen. Patients were compared to 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. After a paediatrician exam, a psychiatrist screens healthy controls for mental illness using the Schedule for Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia in School- Age Children, Now and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5). Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale( CTRS) were used for diagnosis by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Mean serum galectin-3 levels were compared between ADHD group and control groups. Serum galectin-3 level was 428.6 (SD±194.4) in the ADHD group and 183.7 ng/ml (SD±49.6) in the control group. ADHD group is found to have statistically significantly higher galectin-3 concentrations when compared to the control group (z=-5.15, p<.001). Conclusion: In our study, it was found that serum galectin-3 levels were higher in children with ADHD and there was a significant correlation between ADHD severity and serum galectin-3 levels. Based on these findings, it is thought that galectin-3 may be associated with the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency departments face a high density of patients as they address many patient groups. Cancer patients constitute a significant proportion of the population presenting to the emergency department for many reasons, including new symptoms, exacerbation of existing problems, treatment complications, and disease progression. This study can be helpful in determining treatment approach, planning, and service delivery. All cancer patients admitted to the emergency department between 1 January 2022 and 31 March 2022 were included in the study. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed from hospital records. A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Data were collected from the patient records by examining the reasons for admission, demographic and clinical data, diagnoses, and laboratory tests. The most common cancers were breast (43.3%), colon (20.0%), lung (12.2%). In the last 1 month, 73.3% of patients visited the emergency department 1 time, 24.4% 2 times, and 2.2% 3 times. The association between the number of visits to the emergency department in the last 1 month and the ECOG groups was statistically significant (p=0.020). Patients presented to the emergency department mainly with pain (66.7%) and nausea/vomiting (57.8%). The most common cancers in patients admitted to the emergency department in our study are similar to the literature. It has been reported in the literature that the symptoms detected in our study are potentially less severe, and emergency room visits can be reduced if patients are encouraged to self-manage similar symptoms through education. From this point of view, to reduce the number of cancer patients applying to the emergency service in regions of internal turmoil and conflict such as Syria, it is very important to identify the reasons for patient admission and to provide training emphasizing the self-management of their symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infantile intestinal obstruction associated with situs inversus totalis and polysplenia is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Furthermore, the management of this association is complicated. We report a case of a 2-month-old boy with intestinal obstruction due to malrotation and volvulus with thin translucent omentum sac encasing the small intestine associated with situs inversus totalis, polysplenia, and pulmonary hypertension. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of situs inversus totalis with polysplenia, pulmonary hypertension, and intestinal obstruction due to malrotation and volvulus with thin translucent omentum sac encasing the small intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penetrating or blunt traumas can rarely lead to renal artery pseudoaneurysms (RAPs). Renal parenchymal lacerations usually accompany them, and nephrectomy is performed in these cases. Although angioembolization of the renal artery can negate the need for nephrectomy while treating the RAP, it is not a nephron-sparing procedure. Herein, we present a case of isolated (i.e. without accompanying renal laceration) left RAP. During conservative follow-up, the RAP enlarged, and subsequently, it was treated by renal artery stent insertion. An expandable covered stent was used during this procedure. The renal function was preserved without experiencing any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]