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Background: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), previously known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is an IgA-mediated systemic small vessel vasculitis that tends to be more severe in adults than in children. Early diagnosis of IgAV involving the gastrointestinal tract remains difficult, especially in patients who present with gastrointestinal symptoms before purpura. This study aims to systematically analyze the abdominal imaging and endoscopic features of adult patients with abdominal IgAV, providing assistance to clinicians in the early recognition of this condition., Patients and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study was conducted in three large tertiary hospitals in China from January 2017 to January 2024. A total of 108 adult patients with abdominal IgAV, who had complete abdominal imaging and/or endoscopy results, were enrolled. The clinical manifestations, abdominal imaging findings, endoscopic characteristics, and serological indicators of the patients were analyzed., Results: The median age of the patients was 40 years (IQR: 26-55), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Acute abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom (100 patients, 92.59%). Bowel wall thickening was the most frequent finding on abdominal imaging (50/86 patients, 58.14%). Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed findings of congestion and erosion (32/67 patients, 47.76%), and erosion with ulcers (21/67 patients, 31.34%). Among patients with both imaging and endoscopic results, the duodenum (28/51 patients, 54.90%) and ileum (28/51 patients, 54.90%) were the most commonly affected sites. Laboratory findings revealed elevated white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, along with decreased albumin level. Comparing patients with gastrointestinal symptoms versus purpura as the initial symptom, those with gastrointestinal symptoms had higher levels of WBC ( p  < 0.05) and NLR ( p  < 0.01)., Conclusions: The most common symptom in adult abdominal IgAV patients is acute abdominal pain. In the early stage of the disease, most patients exhibit elevated levels of WBC, NLR, CRP, D-dimer, and fibrinogen, along with decreased albumin level. The duodenum and ileum are the most commonly affected sites. By integrating these findings, clinicians can identify abdominal IgAV patients earlier and more accurately.

The association between inflammatory markers (IMs) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in osteoporotic fracture patients has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), or Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and BTMs in osteoporosis (OP) fracture patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 740 OP fracture patients admitted to the hospital from January 2017 to July 2022. MLR, NLR, and PLR were calculated based on each patient's complete blood count. The relationship between IMs and BTMs was assessed using three models by adjusting variables. Furthermore, the potential curve relationship between IMs and BTMs was also determined via the threshold effect analysis and curve fittings. In addition, stratified analysis was performed on each adjusted variable to confirm the stability of the results. After adjusting the variables, the results showed that NLR was negatively correlated with procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) (β = -1.1788, 95% CI: -1.7230 to -0.6345, P-value < 0.0001) and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) (β = -0.0104, 95% CI: -0.0145 to -0.0062, P-value < 0.0001), Furthermore, MLR was negatively correlated with P1NP (β = -17.4523, 95% CI: -27.7335 to -7.1710, P-value = 0.0009) and β-CTX (β = -0.1327, 95% CI: -0.2211 to -0.0443, P-value = 0.0034). However, PLR indicated a positive correlation with P1NP (β = 0.0326, 95% CI: 0.0007 to 0.0645, P-value = 0.0458) and β-CTX (β = 0.0003, 95% CI: 0.0001 to 0.0006, P-value = 0.0204). The threshold effect analysis and curve fittings revealed the presence of a turning point between NLR, MLR, and P1NP, β-CTX. In addition, the stratified analysis validated the result's stability. In conclusion, this study indicates a negative correlation between NLR and MLR with P1NP, while PLR shows a positive correlation with P1NP. Additionally, NLR and MLR exhibit a negative correlation with β-CTX, whereas PLR demonstrates a positive correlation with β-CTX. Further research is required to assess the intricate mechanisms linking IM with bone metabolism., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to examine the association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and refracture risk in elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures (OPFs). Our findings suggest a nonlinear relationship exists in females, and females with Hb levels below 10.7 g/dL may be at a higher risk of refracture., Introduction: Hematopoiesis and bone health have a reciprocal influence on each other. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of in-depth research on the association between Hb levels and the occurrence of fractures. The present research aimed to investigate the correlation between Hb levels and the rate of refracture within 5 years among individuals with OPFs., Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken between 2017 and 2022. The study included 1906 individuals who were inhabitants of Kunshan and were over 60 years old. These individuals had experienced an OPF between January 1, 2017, and July 27, 2022, resulting in their hospitalization. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the risk of refracture within 5 years based on the Hb levels acquired during the admission examination, with consideration for sex differences. A nonlinear relationship was identified using smoothed curve fitting and threshold analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare refracture rates between patients with low and high Hb levels., Results: Elderly female patients with OPFs and lower Hb levels exhibited a significantly higher risk of a 5-year refracture. Conversely, no significant associations were observed between the two variables in male patients. A nonlinear correlation was found between Hb levels and the probability of refracture in females, with a turning point identified at 10.7 g/dL of Hb levels. A strong negative association was observed with the five-year refracture rate when Hb levels fell below 10.7 g/dL (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.83; P-value = 0.0008). This finding suggests that for every 1 g/dL increase in Hb below 10.7 g/dL, the risk of refracture reduced by 37%. However, no statistically significant association was observed when Hb levels were above 10.7 g/dL., Conclusions: The findings demonstrated a significant negative correlation between Hb levels and the likelihood of refracture in elderly female patients with OPFs and suggested that elderly females with recent OPFs and Hb levels below 10.7 g/dL may be at a higher risk of refracture. Additionally, the Hb levels can serve as an indicator of bone fragility in elderly female patients with OPFs. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring Hb levels as a part of comprehensive management strategies to both assess skeletal health and prevent refractures in this population., (© 2024. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in osteoporotic fractures (OPFs) patients hospitalized for surgical intervention., Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 3558 OPFs patients hospitalized for surgical intervention between January 2017 and July 2022. The study obtained baseline values for various biomarkers and covariates, including fasting blood glucose, β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), triglycerides, age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, the score of American society of anesthesiologists, homocysteine, parathyroid hormone, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. Multiple linear regression, curve fitting, threshold effects, and subgroup analyses were also applied., Results: After adjusting for covariates in the regression analysis, the results revealed a negative correlation between β-CTX and P1NP levels and the baseline TyG index. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a reduction in β-CTX levels of -0.06 (95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; P-value = 0.012) and a reduction in P1NP levels of -4.70 (95% CI: -9.30, -0.09; P-value = 0.046). Additionally, the inflection points for the nonlinear correlation between the TyG index and β-CTX and P1NP were found to be K = 6.31 and K = 6.63, respectively., Conclusion: The study demonstrated a negative, non-linear relationship among the TyG index, β-CTX and P1NP in OPFs patients hospitalized for surgical intervention. These findings suggest that elevated TyG index levels may adversely affect bone turnover, potentially contributing to the progression of OP., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, Guo, Xu, Li, Gong and Lu.)

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between climatic parameters and the daily cases of Bell's palsy (BP) among hospital outpatients, providing ecological evidence for understanding BP etiology and prevention., Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 2187 BP patients who attended Kunshan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. Meteorological data, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and atmospheric pressure, were collected and combined with daily BP case records. Additionally, air quality index was used as a covariate., Results: The number of new BP cases among outpatients showed a negative correlation with average daily temperature. A nonlinear relationship between daily average temperature and BP cases was observed through the generalized additive model (GAM). A significant negative correlation was identified between daily average temperature and BP cases, with inflection points at temperatures above 4.2°C, suggesting a potential decrease in BP risk with temperature rise beyond this threshold., Conclusion: This study provides ecological evidence of a link between climatic factors and BP occurrence. Temperature demonstrated a significant nonlinear negative correlation with daily BP incidence, highlighting temperature and cold exposure as key targets for BP prevention in Kunshan., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) in a patient diagnosed with short root anomaly (SRA). The detailed clinical data and history of related clinical symptoms of the SRA patient were retrieved. Oral examination showed that the shape and color of the tooth crown were normal. Tooth 11 and 12 were missing, and the mobility degree of other teeth was II-III. Panoramic radiograph examination showed that the root length only reached the neck of the tooth. Laboratory results showed that blood spectrum, chromosome and trace elements were normal. Endocrinological evaluation indicated that hormone levels were within normal limits; however, both B-ALP and TRAP-5b were higher than the normal range. The present case shows that SRA may be related to an imbalance in osteoblast/osteoclast metabolism, which provides a new direction for the etiological research of this disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Background: Voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDACs) serve as pore proteins within the mitochondrial membrane, aiding in the regulation of cell life and cell death. Although the occurrence of cell death is crucial for defense against virus infection, the function played by VDAC in Bombyx mori, in response to the influence of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), remains unclear., Results: BmVDAC was found to be relatively highly expressed both during embryonic development, and in the Malpighian tubule and midgut. Additionally, the expression levels of BmVDAC were found to be different among silkworm strains with varying levels of resistance to BmNPV, strongly suggesting a connection between BmVDAC and virus infection. To gain further insight into the function of BmVDAC in BmNPV, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to silence and overexpress it by pIZT/V5-His-mCherry. The results revealed that BmVDAC is instrumental in developing the resistance of host cells to BmNPV infection in BmN cell-line cells, which was further validated as likely to be associated with initiating programmed cell death (PCD). Furthermore, we evaluated the function of BmVDAC in another insect, Spodoptera exigua. Knockdown of the BmVDAC homolog in S. exigua, SeVDAC, made the larvae more sensitive to BmNPV., Conclusion: We have substantiated the pivotal role of BmVDAC in conferring resistance against BmNPV infection, primarily associated with the initiation of PCD. The findings of this study shine new light on the molecular mechanisms governing the silkworm's response to BmNPV infection, thereby supporting innovative approaches for pest biocontrol. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

The water quality in the drinking water reservoir directly affects people's quality of life and health. When external pollution input is effectively controlled, endogenous release is considered the main cause of water quality deterioration. As the major nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sources in reservoirs, sediment plays a vital role in affecting the water quality. To understand the spatial and temporal variation of N and P in the sediment, this study analyzed the current characteristics and cumulative effects of a semi-humid reservoir, Yuqiao Reservoir, in North China. The N and P concentrations in the reservoir sediment were decreased along the flow direction, while the minimum values were recorded at the central sediment profile. External input and algal deposition were the main factors leading to higher sediment concentrations in the east (Re-E) and west (Re-W) areas of reservoir sediment profiles. According to the long-term datasets, the peaks of both sediment total nitrogen content and deposition rate were observed in the 2010s, which has increased about three times and six times than in the1990s, respectively. Therefore, the increase in phosphorus concentration may be the main reason for eutrophication in water in recent years. The mineralization of organic matter has a significant promoting effect on releasing N and P from sediments, which will intensify eutrophication in water dominated by P and bring huge challenges to water environment management. This study highlights that the current imbalance in N and P inputs into reservoirs and the endogenous P release from sediment will have a significant impact on water quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MoCoS) is a key gene involved in the uric acid metabolic pathway that activates xanthine dehydrogenase to synthesise uric acid. Uric acid is harmful to mammals but plays crucial roles in insects, one of which is the immune responses. However, the function of Bombyx mori MoCoS in response to BmNPV remains unclear. In this study, BmMoCoS was found to be relatively highly expressed in embryonic development, gonads and the Malpighian tubules. In addition, the expression levels of BmMoCoS were significantly upregulated in three silkworm strains with different levels of resistance after virus infection, suggesting a close link between them. Furthermore, RNAi and overexpression studies showed that BmMoCoS was involved in resistance to BmNPV infection, and its antivirus effects were found to be related to the regulation of uric acid metabolism, which was uncovered by inosine- and febuxostat-coupled RNAi and overexpression. Finally, the BmMoCoS-mediated uric acid pathway was preliminarily confirmed to be a potential target to protect silkworms from BmNPV infection. Overall, this study provides new evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of silkworms in response to BmNPV infection and new strategies for the prevention of viral infections in sericulture., (© 2024 Royal Entomological Society.)

Objective: Azvudine is an effective treatment for patients infected with common COVID-19. However, physicians have reported a series of adverse reactions, including multiple cases of liver injury, caused by azvudine in clinical practice. This study assessed the incidence, clinical features, and associated risk factors of liver injury induced by azvudine in real-world settings, offering guidance for safe clinical use., Materials and Methods: This study utilized the Chinese Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS) to retrospectively analyze the treatment of COVID-19 patients with azvudine at Changsha Central Hospital from December 19, 2022, to June 6, 2023. A case-control study was conducted to analyze the occurrence of azvudine-induced liver injury in COVID-19 patients who triggered a CHPS alert compared to normal COVID-19 patients., Results: Among the total of 2,141 COVID-19 patients, 31 (1.45%) developed azvudine-induced liver injury, which is classified as an occasional adverse reaction. Liver injury was observed in 93.55% of patients between days 4 and 12 of the azvudine treatment, with elevated transaminases as the primary clinical manifestation. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses indicated that low albumin levels and co-administration of low-molecular-weight heparin were statistically significant risk factors (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: This study represents the first investigation of azvudine-induced liver injury and high-risk patients using the CHPS. The findings provide valuable insights to promote the safety of anti-COVID-19 drugs, serving as an important reference for future drug safety measures.

Introduction: To develop and validate a comprehensive prognostic model for the mid-to-long term mortality risk among ≥50-year-old osteoporotic fracture (OPF) surgical patients., Methods: Our retrospective investigation included data from the Osteoporotic Fracture Registration System established by the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, and involved 1,656 patients in the development set and 675 patients in the validation set. Subsequently, we employed a multivariable Cox regression model to establish a 3-year mortality predicting nomogram, and the model performance was further evaluated using C-index and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess feasibility of the clinical application of this model., Results: Using six prognostic indexes, namely, patient age, gender, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), fracture site, and fracture liaison service (FLS), we generated a simple nomogram. The nomogram demonstrated satisfactory discrimination within the development (C-index = 0.8416) and validation (C-index = 0.8084) sets. Using calibration plots, we also revealed good calibration. The model successfully classified patients into different risk categories and the results were comparable in both the development and validation sets. Finally, a 1-70% probability threshold, according to DCA, suggested that the model has promise in clinical settings., Conclusion: Herein, we offer a robust tool to estimating the 3-year all-cause mortality risk among elderly OPF surgical patients. However, we recommend further assessments of the proposed model prior to widespread clinical implementation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Shi, Gong, Zhang and Lu.)

Correction to: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (12): 6605-6615-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev&#95;202006&#95;21646-published online on June 25, 2020. After publication, the authors have applied some corrections to the galley proof: -       In Table II, data display in MMP14 expression between Low and high group was inverted. This correction does not involve any statistical data modification and does not affect the conclusion of the article. The correct table display should be as follows: -       In Figure 4F, the cell invasion image of siRNA-2 group in T24 was misplaced. The authors have adjusted the brightness and contrast appropriately as well. The correct Figure 4F display should be as follows: There are amendments to this paper. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/21646.

We examined the performance of an intelligent fracture liaison service (FLS) assisted by digital health (DH) to reduce all-cause mortality (ACM) risk. According to our findings, the new FLS reduced ACM by 36%., Introduction: A well-designed secondary prevention program known as FLS enhances the bone densitometry-based assessment rate as well as osteoporosis (OP) medication usage following a fracture. However, there are only a few reports on FLS incorporating DH, and it remains unclear whether this integration has influenced patient ACM, which refers to the overall death rate from any cause during the study period., Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on data from the Fragility Fracture Registration System database linked to the Regional Health Registration Platform of Kunshan City and the Population Death Registration System of Jiangsu Province for one tertiary-level A hospital in China. Patients aged ≥ 50 years, who experienced an OP fracture between January 1, 2017, and July 27, 2022, requiring hospitalization, were selected for analysis. We compared the outcomes of patients who received routine fragility fracture management (the no-FLS group) or FLS (the FLS group). We employed multivariable Cox regression with inverse probability weighting based on the propensity score (PS)., Results: Of 2317 patients, 756 (32.6%) received FLS and 1561 (67.4%) did not. Using PS matching, we minimized the baseline characteristic differences between the two groups in the propensity score-matched samples, relative to the unmatched samples. Based on our analysis, the new FLS reduced ACM by 36% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.87; P-value = 0.004). Moreover, FLS patients experienced further reductions in fall-related mortality, refracture rate, and total refracture-related hospital costs, and had increased dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing and treatment initiation rates, relative to the no-FLS patients., Conclusions: A new FLS model implementation assisted by DH can effectively reduce ACM among elderly patients with OP fractures requiring surgery. In future investigations, we recommend examining the scalability of this model., (© 2023. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with osteoporotic fractures. This research aims to study the association between PBT and LOS., Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study from the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China, involving 2357 osteoporotic fractures (OPF) patients who received surgical treatment during hospitalization from January 2017 and March 2022. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between PBT and LOS. In the analysis, PBT volume was the dependent variable, whereas LOS was the independent variable. Simultaneously, age, gender, body mass index, hemoglobin, primary diagnosis, American Society of Anesthesiologists, creatinine (Cr), anesthesia, surgical method, and Charlson comorbidity index were included as covariates. The generalized additive model was then used to study nonlinear associations. Two piecewise linear regression exemplary evaluated the inception results for smoothing the curve., Results: Our results proved that PBT was positively correlated with LOS in the fully adjusted model (β, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.37; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a "U-shape" nonlinear relationship existed between PBT and LOS. When the concentration of PBT was between 0 and 1.5 units, it was manifested as a negative correlation between PBT and LOS. However, there was a positive association between PBT and LOS when PBT levels exceeded 1.5 units., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that PBT and LOS in the OPF population were independent with a nonlinear relationship. These results suggest that PBT may be protective for patients with long LOS. If these findings are confirmed, the LOS in OPF patients can be regulated through appropriate perioperative blood transfusion., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Osteoporosis (OP) is often associated with other complications, such as impaired glucose homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency is common and has been linked to bone metabolism and the regulation of blood sugar levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) in a group of patients diagnosed with OP. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study from a prospectively collected database at our tertiary referral center. Consecutive 2084 OP patients who were hospitalization were finally analyzed in this study. FBG is the dependent variable, serum 25(OH)D level of OP patients is exposure variable of this study. There was a linear significantly negative association between serum 25(OH)D and FBG (β, - 0.02; 95% CI - 0.03 to - 0.01; P = 0.0011) in the fully adjusted models. Specifically, when serum 25(OH)D level was less than 23.39 ng/mL, FBG decreased by 0.04 mmol/L for every 1 ng/mL increase of serum 25(OH)D level. When serum 25(OH)D was greater than 23.39 ng/ mL, the negative association was insignificant (P = 0.9616). If the association is confirmed, the clinical management of blood glucose in OP patients with serum 25(OH)D deficiency has instructive implications., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: mRNA vaccines have been investigated in multiple tumors, but limited studies have been conducted on their use for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Aim: To identify candidate mRNA vaccine antigens for HCC and suitable subpopulations for mRNA vaccination., Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical information of HCC datasets were obtained from International Cancer Genome Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genes with somatic mutations and copy number variations were identified by cBioPortal analysis. The differentially expressed genes with significant prognostic value were identified by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 website analysis. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was used to assess the correlation between candidate antigens and the abundance of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Tumor-associated antigens were overexpressed in tumors and associated with prognosis, genomic alterations, and APC infiltration. A consensus cluster analysis was performed with the Consensus Cluster Plus package to identify the immune subtypes. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to determine the candidate biomarker molecules for appropriate populations for mRNA vaccines., Results: AURKA, CCNB1, CDC25C, CDK1, TRIP13, PES1, MCM3, PPM1G, NEK2, KIF2C, PTTG1, KPNA2 , and PRC1 were identified as candidate HCC antigens for mRNA vaccine development. Four immune subtypes (IS1-IS4) and five immune gene modules of HCC were identified that were consistent in both patient cohorts. The immune subtypes showed distinct cellular and clinical characteristics. The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes were immunologically "cold". The IS2 and IS4 immune subtypes were immunologically "hot", and the immune checkpoint genes and immunogenic cell death genes were upregulated in these subtypes. IS1-related modules were identified with the WGCNA algorithm. Ultimately, five hub genes ( RBP4, KNG1, METTL7A, F12, and ABAT ) were identified, and they might be potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines., Conclusion: AURKA, CCNB1, CDC25C, CDK1, TRIP13, PES1, MCM3, PPM1G, NEK2, KIF2C, PTTG1, KPNA2 , and PRC1 have been identified as candidate HCC antigens for mRNA vaccine development. The IS1 and IS3 immune subtypes are suitable populations for mRNA vaccination. RBP4, KNG1, METTL7A, F12, and ABAT are potential biomarkers for mRNA vaccines., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: To explore the independent association between lumbar endplate damage and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD)., Methods: This retrospective investigation was based out of a prospectively collected database from the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University. Data from 192 DDD patients, collected between December 2018 and January 2022, were chosen for the final analysis. The average total endplate score (TEPS) of lumbar(L) 1-L4 was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and represents the extent of endplate damage. Osteoporosis severity was assessed via the L1-L4 BMD evidenced by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Other analyzed information included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and osteophyte score (OSTS). Uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to evaluate the association between average TEPS and BMD of L1-L4. Moreover, the generalized additive model (GAM) was employed for non-linear association analysis., Results: Upon gender, age, BMI, and OSTS adjustments, a strong independent inverse relationship was observed between average TEPS and BMD (β, -0.021; 95% CI, -0.035 to -0.007, P-value = 0.00449). In addition, the gender stratification analysis revealed a linear relationship in males, and a non-linear relationship in females. Specifically, there was a significantly stronger negative relationship between average TEPS and BMD in females, when the average TEPS was < 3.75 (β, -0.063; 95% CI, -0.114 to -0.013; P-value = 0.0157). However, at an average TEPS > 3.75, the relationship did not reach significance (β, 0.007; 95% CI, -0.012 to 0.027; P-value = 0.4592)., Conclusions: This study demonstrated the independent negative association between average TEPS and BMD values of L1-L4. Upon gender stratification, a linear relationship was observed in males, and a non-linear association in females. The findings reveal that patients with osteoporosis or endplate damage require more detailed examinations and treatment regimen., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

This study involving 674 elderly osteoporotic fracture (OPF) patients undergoing orthopedic surgery investigated the long-term outcomes of acute phase reaction (APR) after initial zoledronic acid (ZOL). Those who had an APR had a 97% higher risk of mortality and a 73% lower rate of re-fracture than patients who did not., Introduction: Annual infusion of ZOL efficiently decreases the risk of fracture. A temporary APR, consisting of flu-like symptoms, myalgia, and fever, is frequently observed within 3 days after the first dose. This work aimed to identify whether the occurrence of APR after initial ZOL infusion is a reliable indicator of drug efficacy for mortality and re-fracture in elderly OPF patients undergoing orthopedic surgery., Methods: This retrospectively observed work was constructed on a database prospectively collected from the Osteoporotic Fracture Registry System of a tertiary level A hospital in China. Six hundred seventy-four patients 50 years old or older with newly identified hip/morphological vertebral OPF who received ZOL for the first time after orthopedic surgery were included in the final analysis. APR was identified as a maximum axillary body temperature greater than 37.3 °C for the first 3 days after ZOL infusion. We utilized models of multivariate Cox proportional hazards to compare the risk of all-cause mortality in OPF patients with APR (APR+) and without APR (APR-). Competing risks regression analysis was used to examine the association between the occurrence of APR and re-fracture when mortality was taken into account., Results: In a fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, APR+ patients had a significantly higher risk of death than APR- patients with a hazard ratio [HR] 1.97 (95% CI, 1.09-3.56; P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, in an adjusted competing risk regression analysis, APR+ patients had a significantly reduced risk of re-fracture compared with APR- patients with a sub-distribution HR, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.11-0.70; P-value = 0.007)., Conclusions: Our findings suggested a potential association between the occurrence of APR and increased mortality risk. An initial dose of ZOL following orthopedic surgery was found to be protective against re-fracture in older patients with OPFs., (© 2023. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)

Background: In the literature, scarce data investigate the link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and blood lipids in the osteoporosis (OP) population. 25(OH)D, as a calcium-regulating hormone, can inhibit the rise of parathyroid hormone, increase bone mineralization to prevent bone loss, enhance muscle strength, improve balance, and prevent falls in the elderly. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and lipid profiles in patients with osteoporosis, with the objective of providing insight for appropriate vitamin D supplementation in clinical settings to potentially reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, which is known to be a major health concern for individuals with osteoporosis., Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study from the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, including 2063 OP patients who received biochemical blood analysis of lipids during hospitalization from January 2015 to March 2022. The associations between serum lipids and 25(OH)D levels were examined by multiple linear regression. The dependent variables in the analysis were the concentrations of serum lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein-A, lipoprotein A, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The independent variable was the concentration of blood serum 25(OH)D. At the same time, age, body mass index, sex, time and year of serum analysis, primary diagnosis, hypertension, diabetes, statins usage, beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide were covariates. Blood samples were collected in the early morning after the overnight fasting and were analyzed using an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the LABOSPECT 008AS platform (Hitachi Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The generalized additive model was further applied for nonlinear associations. The inception result for smoothing the curve was evaluated by two-piecewise linear regression exemplary., Results: Our results proved that in the OP patients, the serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely connected with blood TGs concentration, whereas they were positively associated with the HDL, apolipoprotein-A, and lipoprotein A levels. In the meantime, this research also found a nonlinear relationship and threshold effect between serum 25(OH)D and TC, LDL-C. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between the blood serum 25(OH)D levels and the levels of TC and LDL-C when 25(OH)D concentrations ranged from 0 to 10.04 ng/mL. However, this relationship was not present when 25(OH)D levels were higher than 10.04 ng/mL., Conclusions: Our results demonstrated an independent relationship between blood lipids and vitamin D levels in osteoporosis patients. While we cannot establish a causal relationship between the two, our findings suggest that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on both bone health and blood lipid levels, providing a reference for improved protection against cardiovascular disease in this population. Further research, particularly interventional studies, is needed to confirm these associations and investigate their underlying mechanisms., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Heart failure (HF) often affects the progress of sepsis patients, although its impact on outcomes is inconsistent and inconclusive., Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of HF on mortality in patients with sepsis., Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to compare the outcomes of sepsis patients with HF. A random effect model was used to summarize the mortality data, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as effect indicators., Results: Among 18001 records retrieved in the literature search, 35712 patients from 10 separate studies were included. The results showed that sepsis patients with HF were associated with increased total mortality (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.34-2.43; I 2 = 92.1%), with high heterogeneity between studies. Significant subgroup differences according to age, geographical location, and HF patient sample were observed. HF did not increase the 1-year mortality of patients (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 0.75-1.62; I 2 = 93.2%), and the mortality of patients with isolated right ventricular dysfunction (OR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.29-4.14; I 2 = 91.5%) increased significantly., Conclusion: In patients with sepsis, HF is often associated with adverse outcomes and mortality. Our results call for more high-quality research and strategies to improve outcomes for sepsis patients with HF., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The results of studies exploring the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been controversial and inconsistent. We thus sought to explore whether SUA levels were independently associated with BMD in patients with osteoporosis (OP)., Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted using prospectively obtained data from the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University database pertaining to 1,249 OP patients that were hospitalized from January 2015 - March 2022. BMD was the outcome variable for this study, while baseline SUA levels were the exposure variable. Analyses were adjusted for a range of covariates including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and a range of other baseline laboratory and clinical findings., Results: SUA levels and BMD were independently positively associated with one another in OP patients. Following adjustment for age, gender, BMI, blood urae nitrogen (BUN), and 25(OH)D levels, a 0.0286 g/cm 2 (β, 0.0286; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0193-0.0378, P < 0.000001) increase in BMD was observed per 100 μmol/L rise in SUA levels. A non-linear association between SUA and BMD was also observed for patients with a BMI < 24 kg/m 2 , with a SUA level inflection point at 296 μmol/L in the adjusted smoothed curve., Conclusions: These analyses revealed SUA levels to be independently positively associated with BMD in OP patients, with an additional non-linear relationship between these two variables being evident for individuals of normal or low body weight. This suggests that SUA levels may exert a protective effect on BMD at concentrations below 296 μmol/L in normal- and low-weight OP patients, whereas SUA levels above this concentration were unrelated to BMD., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a global health problem with wide lesions and numerous cases. The increased morbidity and mortality of GI cancer is a socio-economic challenge for decades to come. Melatonin, a nature indolamine, exerts a crucial role in molecular interactions involved in multiple functional and physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that melatonin can modulate GI tract, decrease the occurrence of GI cancer, and enhance the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. However, little is known about the exact role of melatonin in anti-carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the action of the beneficial effects of melatonin in GI carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we compile the understanding of the role of melatonin in GI cancer, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic cancer (PC). In addition, the potential therapeutic application and clinical evaluation of melatonin in GI cancer are also discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gong, Hou, Xiang, Li, Hu and Chen.)

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins comprise a large family of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate important biological processes. In this study, full-length MnTRIM32 cDNA was obtained from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, and eight MnTRIM32 isoforms generated by alternative splicing were identified. The open reading frames of the eight MnTRIM32 isoforms were predicted to be separately composed of 402, 346, 347, 346, 414, 358, 359, and 358 amino acid residues. Protein structural analysis revealed that all MnTRIM32 isoforms contained a RING domain and a coiled coil region. MnTRIM32 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of MnTRIM32 in the gills, stomach, and intestine of prawns were found to undergo time-dependent enhancement following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) stimulation. Double-stranded RNA interference studies revealed that MnTRIM32 silencing significantly downregulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor MnIRF, IFN-like factor MnVago4, and tumor necrosis factor MnTNF. Furthermore, knockdown of MnTRIM32 in WSSV-challenged prawns increased the expression of VP28 and the number of WSSV copies, suggesting that MnTRIM32 plays a positive role in limiting WSSV infection. These findings provided strong evidence for the important role of MnTRIM32 in the antiviral innate immunity of M. nipponense., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Multiple reports have demonstrated the benefits of preoperative oral carbohydrates (CHO) in patients receiving open abdominal, thoracic, and orthopedic surgeries. However, thus far, no reports have investigated the benefits of CHO in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery. Our goal was to evaluate the outcome of preoperative oral of administration of CHO in septal deviation patients, undergoing endoscopic septoplasty, under general anesthesia., Design: A retrospective cohort study from a prospectively collected database., Methods: Consecutive 400 septal deviation patients, undergoing endoscopic septoplasty, were randomly assigned to receive CHO or plain water (80 CHO cohort vs. 320 control cohort) before general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the risk of acute postoperative hypertension (APH). The secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay (LOS), hospitalization cost, sleep time the day before surgery, fluid infusion volume on surgical day, as well the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and aspiration., Findings: Patients in the CHO cohort experienced a lower risk of both diastolic blood pressure (DBP)-based APH (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.96; P = 0.0375) and total APH (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; P = 0.0258), lower LOS, lower hospitalization cost, longer sleep time and less fluid infusion volume after adjusting for gender, age, BMI, preoperative blood pressure and pulse. Besides, data showed no significant differences in the incidence of (P = 0.4173) and aspiration (P > 0.99)., Conclusions: Preoperative CHO administration can reduce APH risk in patients undergoing endoscopic septoplasty under general anesthesia. Besides, preoperative CHO administration can improve other clinical outcomes, such as, LOS, hospitalization cost, sleep time, and fluid infusion volume. Moreover, CHO safety was confirmed in our study. In the future, additional investigation is necessary to confirm our results., (Copyright © 2022 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: To devise a precise and efficient tool for predicting the individualized risk of acute-phase response (APR) in bisphosphonate (BP)-naive osteoporotic (OP) patients, receiving their first intravenous dose of zoledronate (ZOL)., Methods: The baseline clinical and laboratory data of 475 consecutive BP-naive OP patients, who received their first intravenous dose of ZOL between March 2016 and March 2021 in the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, were chosen for analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were generated to establish candidate predictors of APR fever risk, using three distinct fever thresholds, namely, 37.3 °C (model A), 38.0 °C (model B), and 38.5 °C (model C). Next, using predictor regression coefficients, three fever-threshold nomograms were developed. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of each predicting models were then assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve (CC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). The internal and external model validations were then performed., Results: The stable predictors were age, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, serum total calcium, and peripheral blood erythrocytes count. These were negatively associated with the APR fever risk. The AUCs of models A, B, and C were 0.828 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.782 to 0.874), 0.825 (95% CI, 0.767 to 0.883), and 0.879 (95% CI, 0.824 to 0.934), respectively. Good agreement was observed between the predictions and observations in the CCs of all three nomograms., Conclusions: This study developed and validated nomogram prediction models that can predict APR fever risk in BP-naive OP patients receiving their first infusion of ZOL., (© 2022. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Kindlin-2 on uterus development and reproductive capacity in female mice., Methods: Cdh16-Cre tool mice and Kindlin-2 flox/flox mice were used to construct the mouse model of uterus specific knockout of Kindlin-2, and the effects of Kindlin-2 deletion on uterine development and reproduction capacity of female mice were observed. High expression and knockdown of Kindlin-2 in endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1 and Ish were used to detect the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, uterine proteins of the female mice with specific knockout of Kindlin-2 and female mice in the control group were extracted to detect the protein levels of key molecules of mTOR signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway., Results: The mouse model of uterine specific knockout of Kindlin-2 was successfully constructed. The knockout efficiency of Kindlin-2 in mouse uterus was identified and verified by mouse tail polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot protein identification, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and other methods. Compared with the control group, the female mice with uterus specific deletion of Kindlin-2 lost weight, seriously impaired reproductive ability, and the number of newborn mice decreased, but the proportion of the female mice and male mice in the newborn mice did not change. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) experiment showed that the endometrium of Kindlin-2 knockout group was incomplete and the thickness of uterine wall became thinner. In terms of mechanism, the deletion of Kindlin-2 in endo-metrial cancer cell lines HEC-1 and Ish could downregulate the protein levels of mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (S6), and the mTOR signal pathway was inhibited. It was found that the specific deletion of Kindlin-2 could upregulate the protein levels of Mps one binding 1 (MOB1) and phosphorylated Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the uterus of the female mice, and the Hippo signal pathway was activated., Conclusion: Kindlin-2 inhibits the development of uterus by inhibiting mTOR signal pathway and activating Hippo signal pathway, thereby inhibiting the fertility of female mice.

Objectives: To elucidate the independent correlation between vitamin D content and zoledronate (ZOL)-triggered acute-phase response (APR) fever risk in osteoporotic (OP) patients, and to examine the potential threshold for optimal vitamin D concentrations that prevent the occurrence of ZOL-induced fever., Methods: This retrospective investigation was based on a prospectively documented database compiled at the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University between January 2015 and March 2022. In total, 2095 OP patients, who received ZOL during hospitalization, were selected for analysis. The primary endpoint was the presence (>37.3°C) or absence (≤37.3°C) of fever, quantified by the maximum body temperature, measured within 3 days of ZOL infusion. The exposure variable was the baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels., Results: The OP patients with fever exhibited markedly reduced 25(OH)D content than those without fever. Upon adjusting for age, gender, order of infusion of ZOL, main diagnosis, season of blood collection, year of blood collection, calcitonin usage, and beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) levels, a 10 ng/mL rise in serum 25(OH)D content was correlated with a 14% (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.98, P -value = 0.0188) decrease in the odds of ZOL-induced fever. In addition, a non-linear relationship was also observed between 25(OH)D levels and fever risk, and the turning point of the adjusted smoothed curve was 35 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D content., Conclusions: Herein, we demonstrated the independent negative relationship between serum 25(OH)D content and ZOL-induced fever risk. According to our analysis, 25(OH)D above 35 ng/mL may be more effective in preventing ZOL-induced APR. If this is confirmed, a "vitamin D supplemental period" is warranted prior to ZOL infusion, particularly the first ZOL infusion, to ensure appropriate 25(OH)D levels that protect against ZOL-induced fever., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lu, Shi, Gong and Li.)

Evidence for an association between the amount of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere and vitamin D status of pregnant women is limited. We aimed to examine the independent association between PM and maternal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) during the second trimester and to explore possible modifications to the association by meteorological factors. 27,768 pregnant women presenting for prenatal examination who were tested for serum 25OHD concentration during the second trimester between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, were included in this retrospective analysis. Exposure to PM was evaluated based on daily average PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM 10 ). Corresponding meteorological data for daily average atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed were collected. The maximum cumulative effects of PM 2.5 occurred at lag 45 days, and the maximum cumulative effects of PM 10 occurred at lag 60 days. In crude models, 45-day moving daily average PM 2.5 concentrations were negatively associated with 25OHD levels (β, - 0.20; 95% CI - 0.21 to - 0.19), as were 60-day moving daily average PM 10 concentrations (β, - 0.14; 95% CI - 0.15 to - 0.14). After adjusting for temporal and meteorological factors, the effect values were drastically reduced (adjusted β of PM 2.5 , - 0.032; 95% CI - 0.046 to - 0.018; adjusted β of PM 10 , - 0.039; 95% CI - 0.049 to - 0.028). Our study showed there was a small, independent, negative association between PM in the atmosphere and maternal serum 25OHD levels during the second trimester of pregnancy after adjusting for temporal and/or meteorological factors, which indicates that PM may have a limited influence on maternal serum 25OHD levels. Besides taking vitamin D supplements, pregnant women should keep participating in outdoor activities while taking PM protection measures to improve their vitamin D levels when PM levels are high in winter and spring., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Gastric cancer is a global health problem with high mortality. The incidence of gastric cancer has significant regional differences. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its interaction with epigenetics are closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. It is of great significance to explore the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic targets of gastric cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with various biological and functional aspects of gastric cancer. However, diverse antisense lncRNAs in gastric cancer have not been compiled and discussed. In this review, we summarize the predisposing factors and compile the interaction between H. pylori and epigenetics in gastric cancer. Moreover, we focus on the underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory role of each antisense lncRNA in gastric cancer. In addition, we provide a new insight into the potential diagnosis and treatment of antisense lncRNAs in gastric cancer., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We assessed the use of common urodynamics (CUD) combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to investigate the efficacy and durability of sigmoid cystoplasty alone in patients with low bladder compliance associated with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In this study, we recruited 25 patients with low bladder compliance and VUR who underwent bladder augmentation without antireflux surgery at our institutions between June 2017 and June 2021. The bladder condition and VUR grade were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively via CUD combined with CEUS. The mean follow-up period was 2.6 years. CUD showed significant improvement in bladder capacity and compliance and a decrease in intravesical pressure after sigmoid cystoplasty. CEUS demonstrated resolution of VUR compared with preoperative assessment. Of the 25 patients who had various degrees of reflux, VUR was eliminated in 18 patients and reduced to a lower grade in the remaining seven patients. CUD combined with CEUS is accurate and safe. They are invaluable and reliable tools for morphological and functional evaluations of the entire urinary tract in patients with low bladder compliance and VUR., (© 2022 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.)

Introduction: Achieving optimal adherence to zoledronic acid (ZOL) among osteoporosis (OP) patients is a challenging task. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a precise and efficient prediction tool for ZOL nonadherence risk in OP patients., Methods: We prospectively collected and analyzed survey data from a clinical registry. A total of 1010 OP patients treated for the first time with ZOL in two separate hospitals were selected for nonadherence analysis. The evaluation included a 16-item ZOL Nonadherence Questionnaire and potential risk factors for ZOL nonadherence were assessed via univariate and multivariate analyses. We next developed and validated two distinct-stage nomograms. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predicting models were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA)., Results: The total nonadherence rate was 20.30% after the first ZOL infusion. To generate a model predicting ZOL nonadherence risk, six predictors of 16 items were retained. Model 2 (AUC, 0.8486; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8171-0.8801) exhibited considerably more discrimination in desirable functional outcomes, relative to Model 1 (AUC, 0.7644; 95% CI, 0.7265-0.8024). The calibration curves displayed good calibration. DCA revealed that a cutoff probability of 5-54% (Model 1) and 1-85% (Model 2) indicated that the models were clinically useful. External validation also exhibited good discrimination and calibration., Conclusions: This study developed and validated two novel, distinct-stage prediction nomograms that precisely estimate nonadherence risk among OP patients receiving the first infusion of ZOL. However, additional evaluation and external validation are necessary prior to widespread implementation., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s), 2022.)

Background: To compare the effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) combined with a modified leucocyte depletion filter (MLDF) with IOCS combined with a regular leucocyte depletion filter (RLDF) in eliminating tumour cells from blood salvage during metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS)., Methods: Patients with a known primary epithelial tumour who underwent MSTS were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected in 5 stages: from the patients' vein before anaesthesia induction (S1), from the operative field at the time of maximum tumour manipulation (S2), and from the operative blood after IOCS processing (S3) and after IOCS+RLDF (S4) and IOCS+MLDF (S5) processing. The polyploids of tumour cells in the blood samples were collected and counted with immunomagnetic separation enrichment and fluorescence in situ hybridization., Results: We recruited 20 patients. Tumour cells were detected in 14 patients (70%) in S1, 16 patients (80%) in S2, 13 patients (65%) in S3, and 12 patients (60%) in S4. MLDF was added in 8 patients. Tumour cells were detected in only 1 of 8 patients in S5 (12.5%). There were significantly fewer tumour cells in the samples collected after MLDF processing (S5) than in the samples collected after RLDF (S4) and around the tumour (S2) (P = 0.016 and P = 0.039, respectively). Although no significant difference was observed between S4 and S1, a downward trend was observed after IOCS+RLDF processing., Conclusions: Tumour cells could be removed by IOCS combined with RLDF from blood salvaged during MSTS, but residual tumour cells remained. The findings support the notion that MLDF eliminates tumour cells more effectively than RLDF. Hence, this technique can be applied to MSTS., Trial Registration: ChiCTR1800016162 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

To date, there has been little study of comparison between picosecond 532 nm laser and 755 nm Q-switched Alexandrite lasers in the treatment of freckles. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of picosecond 532 nm laser (PS 532) and 755 nm Q-switched Alexandrite laser (QSAL) for treatment of freckles in a split-face manner. Eighteen patients with freckles were enrolled in the study. The right and left sides of their faces were randomly assigned to either a QSAL-treated group or PS 532-treated group. The degree of pain, satisfaction with the results, and adverse events associated with the laser treatment were evaluated using a questionnaire. All of the patients were followed up at 4 and 12 weeks after one treatment session. Among the 18 patients, PS 532 was found to be associated with less pain (3.56 ± 2.431) than QSAL (3.94 ± 1.893), but the difference was not statistically significant. The curative effect and satisfaction associated with 755 nm Q-switched Alexandrite laser was greater than that of picosecond 532 nm laser (P < .001). Both picosecond 532 nm laser and QSAL are effective in the treatment of freckles, and QSAL has a greater rate of satisfaction and curative effect.

As the risk of harmful environmental exposure is increasing, it is important to find suitable targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases caused. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is an enzyme located in the mitochondria; it plays an important role in numerous cell processes, including maintaining redox homeostasis, participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and indirectly taking part in the transmission of the oxidative respiratory chain. IDH2 mutations promote progression in acute myeloid leukemia, glioma and other diseases. The present review mainly summarizes the role and mechanism of IDH2 with regard to the biological effects, such as the mitophagy and apoptosis of animal or human cells, caused by environmental pollution such as radiation, heavy metals and other environmental exposure factors. The possible mechanisms of these biological effects are described in terms of IDH2 expression, reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate content and reactive oxygen species level, among other variables. The impact of environmental pollution on human health is increasingly attracting attention. IDH2 may therefore become useful as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for environmental exposure-induced diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Gong et al.)

Environmental problems caused by the food processing industry have always been one of the concerns for the public. Herein, for the first time, a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to evaluate the environmental impact of rice bran oil production. Four subsystems, namely, transportation of the raw rice bran to oil factory, crude oil extraction, oil refining, and oil storage, were established. The product sustainability software GaBi and the method CML 2001-Jan. 2016 were used to calculate and analyze the environmental burdens at each stage of the rice bran oil production chain. The results show the oil refining stage had the greatest environmental impact, followed by the oil extraction stage. High demands for coal and electricity make a critical difference in generating vast majority of environmental impacts. Modifying the electricity source and replacing traditional fuels with cleaner ones will do bring benefits to the sustainable development of the industry., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Aging and aging-related diseases have emerged as increasingly severe health and social problems. Therefore, it is imperative to discover novel and effective therapeutics to delay the aging process and to manage aging-related diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), one of the classes of antihyperglycemic drugs, have been recommended to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, GLP-1 RAs have been shown to protect against oxidative stress, cellular senescence and chronic inflammation, which are widely accepted as the major risk factors of aging. However, their significance in aging or aging-related diseases has not been elucidated. Herein, we explain the underlying mechanisms and protective roles of GLP-1 RAs in aging from a molecular, cellular and phenotypic perspective. We provide novel insights into the broad prospect of GLP-1 RAs in preventing and treating aging-related diseases. Additionally, we highlight the gaps for further studies in clinical applications of GLP-1 RAs in aging-related diseases. This review forms a basis for further studies on the relationship between aging-related diseases and GLP-1 RAs., Competing Interests: Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2022 Peng et al.)

Ischemic stroke represents a significant danger to human beings, especially the elderly. Interventions are only available to remove the clot, and the mechanism of neuronal death during ischemic stroke is still in debate. Ferroptosis is increasingly appreciated as a mechanism of cell death after ischemia in various organs. Here we report that the serine protease, thrombin, instigates ferroptotic signaling by promoting arachidonic acid mobilization and subsequent esterification by the ferroptotic gene, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). An unbiased multi-omics approach identified thrombin and ACSL4 genes/proteins, and their pro-ferroptotic phosphatidylethanolamine lipid products, as prominently altered upon the middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents. Genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting multiple points in this pathway attenuated outcomes of models of ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the thrombin-ACSL4 axis may be a key therapeutic target to ameliorate ferroptotic neuronal injury during ischemic stroke., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by uncontrollable inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and its metabolite prostaglandins are known to promote the inflammatory resolution of ARDS. Recently, a newly discovered endogenous lipid mediator, Protectin DX (PDX), was also shown to mediate the resolution of inflammation. However, the regulatory of PDX on the pro-resolving COX-2 in ARDS remains unknown., Material and Methods: PDX (5 μg/kg) was injected into rats intravenously 12 h after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 3 mg/kg) challenge. Primary rat lung fibroblasts were incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) and/or PDX (100 nM). Lung pathological changes examined using H&E staining. Protein levels of COX-2, PGDS and PGES were evaluated using western blot. Inflammatory cytokines were tested by qPCR, and the concentration of prostaglandins measured by using ELISA., Results: Our study revealed that, COX-2 and L-PGDS has biphasic activation characteristics that LPS could induce induced by LPS both in vivo and in vitro.. The secondary peak of COX-2, L-PGDS-PGD 2 promoted the inflammatory resolution in ARDS model with the DP 1 receptor being activated and PDX up-regulated the inflammatory resolutionvia enhancing the secondary peak of COX-2/L-PGDS-PGD 2 and activating the DP 1 receptor., Conclusion: PDX promoted the resolution of inflammation of ARDS model via enhancing the expression of secondary peak of COX-2/L-PGDS-PGD 2 and activating the DP 1 receptor. PDX shows promising therapeutic potential in the clinical management of ARDS., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: To investigate the feature of immune cells infiltration in inherited renal carcinoma with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods: The samples were collected from patients with VHL syndrome renal carcinoma who were diagnosed and treated surgically at the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from 2010 to 2019. RNA-Seq was performed on 6 pairs of VHL syndrome renal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. To identify the specific infiltrated immune cells, RNA-Seq data was converted into the infiltration data of 14 types of immune cells using the TIP tool. Immunohistochemical staining was used to verify the expression of the markers of these specific infiltrated immune cells in the paraffin sections of 54 paired VHL syndrome renal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, CD4 Naive infiltration level was significantly down-regulated (0.289±0.009 vs 0.200±0.012, P <0.001) and CD4 Memory infiltration level was significantly up-regulated (0.123±0.014 vs 0.222±0.016, P <0.001) in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that CD45RA (a CD4 Naive cell marker) expression was significantly reduced (50.9±1.9 vs 15.6±0.9, P <0.001) and CD45RO (a CD4 Memory cell marker) expression was significantly increased (22.2±1.1 vs 80.8±4.3, P <0.001) in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma. Besides, lower CD45RA expression and higher CD45RO expression were associated with higher histological grade, advanced tumor stage and shorter disease-free survival (all P <0.01). In addition, CD45RA expression was positively correlated with VHL expression ( r =0.693 3, P <0.000 1) and CD45RO expression was negatively correlated with VHL expression ( r =-0.609 0, P <0.000 1). Conclusions: This study found that CD4 Naive and CD4 Memory cells may be differentially infiltrated immune cells in VHL syndrome renal carcinoma, and their infiltration levels were associated with the expression of VHL and the prognosis of patients.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological, clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) based on Chinese patient population. Method: Patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed at Peking University First Hospital from June 2016 to June 2020 were included in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were grouped according to CCPRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), and the general clinical, postoperative pathological and follow-up data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Result: A total of 18 CCPRCC patients were enrolled in this study, accounting for 0.44% (18/4 110) of the postoperative pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma cases in our hospital during this time period. The age range of the included patients was 28-86 years old, with a median age of 49.5 years old. There were 11/18 males and 7/18 females. All CCPRCC patients had no family history of renal malignant tumors. Among them, only one patient with CCPRCC had related clinical symptoms, that was intermittent waist and abdomen pain, while the other 17 cases were found by physical examination without any related symptoms. Compared with ccRCC and pRCC, there was no significant difference in their end stage renal disease history(χ 2 ccRCC =0.291, χ 2 pRCC =1.161,all P> 0.05). The maximum diameter of CCPRCC tumor was smaller than pRCC (χ 2 =-2.280, P =0.027) but not significantly different from ccRCC (χ 2 =-0.579, P =0.565). The majority of patients with CCPRCC were in pT1, their pathological stage was earlier than the other two types, and their overall survival was better than ccRCC and pRCC ( P< 0.05). Conclusion: CCPRCC is a type of renal cell carcinoma with unique epidemiology, clinicopathology and prognostic characteristics. Patients with this subtype have an earlier clinical stage and a better prognosis than ccRCC and pRCC.