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177 results on '"Gonçalves S"'

5. Photobiomodulation Reduces Musculoskeletal Marker Related to Atrophy

Author

Gonçalves, S. R., Tim, C. R., Martignago, C., Renno, A., Silva, R. B., Assis, L., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bastos-Filho, Teodiano Freire, editor, de Oliveira Caldeira, Eliete Maria, editor, and Frizera-Neto, Anselmo, editor

Published
2022
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6. Comparative Study of Rheological Models for Pulsatile Blood Flow in Realistic Aortic Arch Aneurysm Geometry by Numerical Computer Simulation

Author

Silva, M. L. F., Gonçalves, S. D. F., Costa, M. C. B., Huebner, R., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bastos-Filho, Teodiano Freire, editor, de Oliveira Caldeira, Eliete Maria, editor, and Frizera-Neto, Anselmo, editor

Published
2022
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7. Development of a Non-rigid Model Representing the Venous System of a Specific Patient

Author

Costa, M. C. B., Gonçalves, S. D. F., Lucas, T. C., Silva, M. L. F., Junior, C. M. P., Haniel, J., Huebner, R., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bastos-Filho, Teodiano Freire, editor, de Oliveira Caldeira, Eliete Maria, editor, and Frizera-Neto, Anselmo, editor

Published
2022
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16. Detritivore physiology and growth benefit from algal presence during microbial leaf colonization

Author

Feckler, A., Pietz, S., Gonçalves, S., Gerstle, V., Risse-Buhl, Ute, Bundschuh, M., Feckler, A., Pietz, S., Gonçalves, S., Gerstle, V., Risse-Buhl, Ute, and Bundschuh, M.

Abstract

In headwater streams, riparian leaf litter is the primary food source for detritivores. While it is well known that aquatic fungi improve the nutritious quality of leaves, our understanding on whether and how benthic algae influence this process remains limited. Here, we hypothesized that the interplay between algae and fungi, termed “algal priming”, further enhances food quality. In a 40-d microcosm experiment, we fed Gammarus fossarum of two size classes with Fagus sylvatica leaves of varying qualities: pure leaves (low quality), leaves colonized by fungi (intermediate quality), and leaves colonized by fungi in the presence of a diatom (high quality). Our results revealed that Gammarus' ingestion rates increased (55–164%) with food quality, spurring accelerated growth (4–14%), regardless of the size class. Furthermore, we observed a tendency for Gammarus' overall fatty acid (FA) quantity to rise with higher-quality food (12–318%), with the FA profile exhibiting increased proportions of specific polyunsaturated FAs that are essential for detritivores. These observations can likely be attributed to leaf-associated fungi, which are more readily assimilated than the leaves and are known as a source of FA. This enhancing effect by fungi was further amplified in the presence of diatoms, presumably through the positive effect of algal-derived labile organic carbon, which supports fungal growth. Despite reduced autochthonous primary production in shaded headwater streams, the experimental findings from this study indicate a potential of enhanced secondary production and energy transfer to higher trophic levels within the aquatic ecosystem.

Published
2024

21. Malaria outbreak in Laos driven by a selective sweep for Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 R539T mutants: a genetic epidemiology analysis

Author

Wasakul, V, Disratthakit, A, Mayxay, M, Chindavongsa, K, Sengsavath, V, Thuy-Nhien, N, Pearson, RD, Phalivong, S, Xayvanghang, S, Maude, RJ, Gonçalves, S, Day, NP, Newton, PN, Ashley, EA, Kwiatkowski, DP, Dondorp, AM, and Miotto, O

Subjects
Infectious Diseases
Abstract

Background:Malaria outbreaks are important public health concerns that can cause resurgence in endemic regions approaching elimination. We investigated aPlasmodium falciparumoutbreak in Attapeu Province, Laos, during the 2020–21 malaria season, using genomic epidemiology methods to elucidate parasite population dynamics and identify its causes. Methods:In this genetic analysis, 2164P falciparumdried blood spot samples were collected from southern Laos between Jan 1, 2017, and April 1, 2021, which included 249 collected during the Attapeu outbreak between April 1, 2020, and April 1, 2021, by routine surveillance. Genetic barcodes obtained from these samples were used to investigate epidemiological changes underpinning the outbreak, estimate population diversity, and analyse population structure. Whole-genome sequencing data from additional historical samples were used to reconstruct the ancestry of outbreak strains using identity-by-descent analyses. Findings:The outbreak parasite populations were characterised by unprecedented loss of genetic diversity, primarily caused by rapid clonal expansion of a multidrug-resistant strain (LAA1) carrying thekelch13Arg539Thr (R539T) mutation. LAA1 replacedkelch13Cys580Tyr (C580Y) mutants resistant to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (KEL1/PLA1) as the dominant strain. LAA1 inherited 58·8% of its genome from a strain circulating in Cambodia in 2008. A secondary outbreak strain (LAA2) carried thekelch13C580Y allele, and a genome that is essentially identical to a Cambodian parasite from 2009. A third, low-frequency strain (LAA7) was a recombinant of KEL1/PLA1 with akelch13R539T mutant. Interpretation:These results strongly suggest that the outbreak was driven by a selective sweep, possibly associated with multidrug-resistant phenotypes of the outbreak strains. Established resistant populations can circulate at low frequencies for years before suddenly overwhelming dominant strains when the conditions for selection become favourable—eg, when front-line therapies change. Genetic surveillance can support elimination by characterising key properties of outbreaks such as population diversity, drug resistance marker prevalence, and the origins of outbreak strains. Funding:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Wellcome Trust. Translation:For the Lao translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Published
2023

24. Plagiarism in higher education: Measuring what students do, know and believe they know

Author

Morais, C., Ramos, M., Cardoso, A., Gonçalves, S. P., Ramos, R., Costa, R. P., and Gonçalves, J. P.

Subjects
Práticas, Ciências Sociais::Sociologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Plágio, Estudantes do ensino superior, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Perceções, General Environmental Science
Abstract

A investigação sobre o plágio entre alunos do ensino superior tem comprovado que esta prática, além de assumir diversas formas, tanto pode resultar de um ato intencional revelador de falta de honestidade, como de uma ação não intencional decorrente de desconhecimentos acerca do plágio e das normas a cumprir para o evitar. Este carácter plural e não intencional do plágio coloca atualmente desafios à investigação, quer fundamental, quer aplicada, raras vezes explorados no caso português. Este artigo debruça-se sobre a discussão metodológica em curso acerca da mensuração da incidência do plágio no ensino superior, trazendo à colação dados recentes sobre estudantes portugueses e refletindo sobre os prolongamentos dessa discussão na prevenção desta prática fraudulenta. Verifica-se que a combinação de distintos indicadores permite mensurar de forma mais holística a incidência do plágio e que a sua prevenção carece de maior aposta em formação sobre uma correta utilização e creditação de fontes. Research on plagiarism among higher education students has shown that this practice, in addition to taking different forms, may result, both, from an intentional act revealing the lack of honesty, and from an unintentional action resulting from lack of knowledge about plagiarism and the rules to be followed to avoid it. This plural and unintentional nature of plagiarism currently raises challenges for research, be it fundamental or applied, rarely explored in the Portuguese case. This article focuses on the ongoing methodological discussion about the measurement of the incidence of plagiarism in higher education, bringing to focus recent data on Portuguese students and reflecting on the extensions of this discussion on the prevention of this fraudulent practice. It is verified that the combination of different indicators allows measuring the incidence of plagiarism in a more holistic way and that its prevention requires a greater emphasis in training about the correct use and crediting of sources. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

25. Diatoms reduce decomposition of and fungal abundance on less recalcitrant leaf litter via negative priming

Author

Feckler, A., Baudy-Groh, P., Friedrichs, L., Gonçalves, S., Lüderwald, S., Risse-Buhl, Ute, Bundschuh, M., Feckler, A., Baudy-Groh, P., Friedrichs, L., Gonçalves, S., Lüderwald, S., Risse-Buhl, Ute, and Bundschuh, M.

Abstract

Heterotrophic microbial decomposers colonize submerged leaf litter in close spatial proximity to periphytic algae that exude labile organic carbon during photosynthesis. These exudates are conjectured to affect microbial decomposers’ abundance, resulting in a stimulated (positive priming) or reduced (negative priming) leaf litter decomposition. Yet, the occurrence, direction, and intensity of priming associated with leaf material of differing recalcitrance remains poorly tested. To assess priming, we submerged leaf litter of differing recalcitrance (Alnus glutinosa [alder; less recalcitrant] and Fagus sylvatica [beech; more recalcitrant]) in microcosms and quantified bacterial, fungal, and diatom abundance as well as leaf litter decomposition over 30 days in absence and presence of light. Diatoms did not affect beech decomposition but reduced alder decomposition by 20% and alder-associated fungal abundance by 40% in the treatments including all microbial groups and light, thus showing negative priming. These results suggest that alder-associated heterotrophs acquired energy from diatom exudates rather than from leaf litter. Moreover, it is suggested that these heterotrophs have channeled energy to alternative (reproductive) pathways that may modify energy and nutrient availability for the remaining food web and result in carbon pools protected from decomposition in light-exposed stream sections.

Published
2023

27. Malaria protection due to sickle haemoglobin depends on parasite genotype

Author

Band, G, Leffler, EM, Jallow, M, Sisay-Joof, F, Ndila, CM, Macharia, AW, Hubbart, C, Jeffreys, AE, Rowlands, K, Nguyen, T, Gonçalves, S, Ariani, CV, Stalker, J, Pearson, RD, Amato, R, Drury, E, Sirugo, G, d'Alessandro, U, Bojang, KA, Marsh, K, Peshu, N, Saelens, JW, Diakité, M, Taylor, SM, Conway, DJ, Rockett, KA, Kwiatkowski, DP, Williams, TN, and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
EXPRESSION, Male, RESISTANCE LOCI, Genotype, PROTEINS, General Science & Technology, Genes, Protozoan, Hemoglobin, Sickle, Plasmodium falciparum, DIVERSITY, Host Adaptation, Linkage Disequilibrium, MOLECULAR-BASIS, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Parasites, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, Alleles, Science & Technology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Multidisciplinary, PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, Kenya, EXPORT, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology - Other Topics, VIRULENCE, Female, Gambia, PLASMEPSIN V
Abstract

Host genetic factors can confer resistance against malaria1, raising the question of whether this has led to evolutionary adaptation of parasite populations. Here we searched for association between candidate host and parasite genetic variants in 3,346 Gambian and Kenyan children with severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. We identified a strong association between sickle haemoglobin (HbS) in the host and three regions of the parasite genome, which is not explained by population structure or other covariates, and which is replicated in additional samples. The HbS-associated alleles include nonsynonymous variants in the gene for the acyl-CoA synthetase family member2–4PfACS8 on chromosome 2, in a second region of chromosome 2, and in a region containing structural variation on chromosome 11. The alleles are in strong linkage disequilibrium and have frequencies that covary with the frequency of HbS across populations, in particular being much more common in Africa than other parts of the world. The estimated protective effect of HbS against severe malaria, as determined by comparison of cases with population controls, varies greatly according to the parasite genotype at these three loci. These findings open up a new avenue of enquiry into the biological and epidemiological significance of the HbS-associated polymorphisms in the parasite genome and the evolutionary forces that have led to their high frequency and strong linkage disequilibrium in African P. falciparum populations.

Published
2021

28. Assessment of clinical information in examination requests in a radiology department [ECR 2022 Book of Abstracts]

Author

Gonçalves, S., Abrantes, António, Ribeiro, L. P., Rodrigues, S., Lesyuk, O., Pinheiro, J., Ribeiro, A. M., and Almeida, R. P. P.

Abstract

Clinical information is an important tool to perform correctly imaging studies. Immobilisation devices may difficult the identification of the region of study, therefore, proper communication before an examination to adjust the study to a patient's condition is important. The present study aims to evaluate the existence or absence of clinical information in the examination requests forms in a radiology department. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

30. the contribute of PMCardImpact project

Author

Martins, C, Lima, L, Gonçalves, S, Assunção, R, Serranheira, F, Viegas, S, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), and Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - Pólo ENSP

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract

publishersversion published

Published
2022

32. LabReport 7

Author

Barbosa, Fernando, Gonçalves, S., Almeida, Pedro, Ferreira-Santos, Fernando, and Marques-Teixeira, João

Subjects
scale, Portuguese, translation, LabReports, self-report, LabNPF, psychopathy
Published
2022
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33. SARS-CoV-2 lineage dynamics in England from September to November 2021: high diversity of Delta sub-lineages and increased transmissibility of AY.4.2

Author

Eales, O, Page, AJ, de Oliveira Martins, L, Wang, H, Bodinier, B, Haw, D, Jonnerby, J, Atchison, C, Robson, SC, Connor, TR, Loman, NJ, Golubchik, T, Nunez, RTM, Bonsall, D, Rambaut, A, Snell, LB, Livett, R, Ludden, C, Corden, S, Nastouli, E, Nebbia, G, Johnston, I, Lythgoe, K, Torok, ME, Goodfellow, IG, Prieto, JA, Saeed, K, Jackson, DK, Houlihan, C, Frampton, D, Hamilton, WL, Witney, AA, Bucca, G, Pope, CF, Moore, C, Thomson, EC, Harrison, EM, Smith, CP, Rogan, F, Beckwith, SM, Murray, A, Singleton, D, Eastick, K, Sheridan, LA, Randell, P, Jackson, LM, Ariani, CV, Gonçalves, S, Fairley, DJ, Loose, MW, Watkins, J, Moses, S, Nicholls, S, Bull, M, Amato, R, Smith, DL, Aanensen, DM, Barrett, JC, Aggarwal, D, Shepherd, JG, Curran, MD, Parmar, S, Parker, MD, Williams, C, Glaysher, S, Underwood, AP, Bashton, M, Pacchiarini, N, Loveson, KF, Byott, M, Carabelli, AM, Templeton, KE, de Silva, TI, Wang, D, Langford, CF, Sillitoe, J, Gunson, RN, Cottrell, S, O’Grady, J, Kwiatkowski, D, Lillie, PJ, Cortes, N, Moore, N, Thomas, C, Burns, PJ, Mahungu, TW, Liggett, S, Beckett, AH, Holden, MTG, Levett, LJ, Osman, H, Hassan-Ibrahim, MO, Simpson, DA, Chand, M, Gupta, RK, Darby, AC, Paterson, S, Pybus, OG, Volz, EM, de Angelis, D, Robertson, DL, Martincorena, I, Aigrain, L, Bassett, AR, Wong, N, Taha, Y, Erkiert, MJ, Chapman, MHS, Dewar, R, McHugh, MP, Mookerjee, S, Aplin, S, Harvey, M, Sass, T, Umpleby, H, Wheeler, H, McKenna, JP, Warne, B, Taylor, JF, Chaudhry, Y, Izuagbe, R, Jahun, AS, Young, GR, McMurray, C, McCann, CM, Nelson, A, Elliott, S, Lowe, H, Price, A, Crown, MR, Rey, S, Roy, S, Temperton, B, Shaaban, S, Hesketh, AR, Laing, KG, Monahan, IM, Heaney, J, Pelosi, E, Silviera, S, Wilson-Davies, E, Fryer, H, Adams, H, du Plessis, L, Johnson, R, Harvey, WT, Hughes, J, Orton, RJ, Spurgin, LG, Bourgeois, Y, Ruis, C, O’Toole, Á, Gourtovaia, M, Sanderson, T, Fraser, C, Edgeworth, J, Breuer, J, Michell, SL, Todd, JA, John, M, Buck, D, Gajee, K, Kay, GL, Peacock, SJ, Heyburn, D, Kitchman, K, McNally, A, Pritchard, DT, Dervisevic, S, Muir, P, Robinson, E, Vipond, BB, Ramadan, NA, Jeanes, C, Weldon, D, Catalan, J, Jones, N, da Silva Filipe, A, Fuchs, M, Miskelly, J, Jeffries, AR, Oliver, K, Park, NR, Ash, A, Koshy, C, Barrow, M, Buchan, SL, Mantzouratou, A, Clark, G, Holmes, CW, Campbell, S, Davis, T, Tan, NK, Brown, JR, Harris, KA, Kidd, SP, Grant, PR, Xu-McCrae, L, Cox, A, Madona, P, Pond, M, Randell, PA, Withell, KT, Graham, C, Denton-Smith, R, Swindells, E, Turnbull, R, Sloan, TJ, Bosworth, A, Hutchings, S, Pymont, HM, Casey, A, Ratcliffe, L, Jones, CR, Knight, BA, Haque, T, Hart, J, Irish-Tavares, D, Witele, E, Mower, C, Watson, LK, Collins, J, Eltringham, G, Crudgington, D, Macklin, B, Iturriza-Gomara, M, Lucaci, AO, McClure, PC, Carlile, M, Holmes, N, Storey, N, Rooke, S, Yebra, G, Craine, N, Perry, M, Alikhan, N - F, Bridgett, S, Cook, KF, Fearn, C, Goudarzi, S, Lyons, RA, Williams, T, Haldenby, ST, Durham, J, Leonard, S, Davies, RM, Batra, R, Blane, B, Spyer, MJ, Smith, P, Yavus, M, Williams, RJ, Mahanama, AIK, Samaraweera, B, Girgis, ST, Hansford, SE, Green, A, Beaver, C, Bellis, KL, Dorman, MJ, Kay, S, Prestwood, L, Rajatileka, S, Quick, J, Poplawski, R, Reynolds, N, Mack, A, Morriss, A, Whalley, T, Patel, B, Georgana, I, Hosmillo, M, Pinckert, ML, Stockton, J, Henderson, JH, Hollis, A, Stanley, W, Yew, WC, Myers, R, Thornton, A, Adams, A, Annett, T, Asad, H, Birchley, A, Coombes, J, Evans, JM, Fina, L, Gatica-Wilcox, B, Gilbert, L, Graham, L, Hey, J, Hilvers, E, Jones, S, Jones, H, Kumziene-Summerhayes, S, McKerr, C, Powell, J, Pugh, G, Taylor, S, Trotter, AJ, Williams, CA, Kermack, LM, Foulkes, BH, Gallis, M, Hornsby, HR, Louka, SF, Pohare, M, Wolverson, P, Zhang, P, MacIntyre-Cockett, G, Trebes, A, Moll, RJ, Ferguson, L, Goldstein, EJ, Maclean, A, Tomb, R, Starinskij, I, Thomson, L, Southgate, J, Kraemer, MUG, Raghwani, J, Zarebski, AE, Boyd, O, Geidelberg, L, Illingworth, CJ, Jackson, C, Pascall, D, Vattipally, S, Freeman, TM, Hsu, SN, Lindsey, BB, James, K, Lewis, K, Tonkin-Hill, G, Tovar-Corona, JM, Cox, MG, Abudahab, K, Menegazzo, M, MEng, BEWT, Yeats, CA, Mukaddas, A, Wright, DW, Colquhoun, R, Hill, V, Jackson, B, McCrone, JT, Medd, N, Scher, E, Keatley, J - P, Curran, T, Morgan, S, Maxwell, P, Smith, K, Eldirdiri, S, Kenyon, A, Holmes, AH, Price, JR, Wyatt, T, Mather, AE, Skvortsov, T, Hartley, JA, Guest, M, Kitchen, C, Merrick, I, Munn, R, Bertolusso, B, Lynch, J, Vernet, G, Kirk, S, Wastnedge, E, Stanley, R, Idle, G, Bradley, DT, Poyner, J, Mori, M, Jones, O, Wright, V, Brooks, E, Churcher, CM, Fragakis, M, Galai, K, Jermy, A, Judges, S, McManus, GM, Smith, KS, Westwick, E, Attwood, SW, Bolt, F, Davies, A, De Lacy, E, Downing, F, Edwards, S, Meadows, L, Jeremiah, S, Smith, N, Foulser, L, Charalampous, T, Patel, A, Berry, L, Boswell, T, Fleming, VM, Howson-Wells, HC, Joseph, A, Khakh, M, Lister, MM, Bird, PW, Fallon, K, Helmer, T, McMurray, CL, Odedra, M, Shaw, J, Tang, JW, Willford, NJ, Blakey, V, Raviprakash, V, Sheriff, N, Williams, L - A, Feltwell, T, Bedford, L, Cargill, JS, Hughes, W, Moore, J, Stonehouse, S, Atkinson, L, Lee, JCD, Shah, D, Alcolea-Medina, A, Ohemeng-Kumi, N, Ramble, J, Sehmi, J, Williams, R, Chatterton, W, Pusok, M, Everson, W, Castigador, A, Macnaughton, E, Bouzidi, KE, Lampejo, T, Sudhanva, M, Breen, C, Sluga, G, Ahmad, SSY, George, RP, Machin, NW, Binns, D, James, V, Blacow, R, Coupland, L, Smith, L, Barton, E, Padgett, D, Scott, G, Cross, A, Mirfenderesky, M, Greenaway, J, Cole, K, Clarke, P, Duckworth, N, Walsh, S, Bicknell, K, Impey, R, Wyllie, S, Hopes, R, Bishop, C, Chalker, V, Harrison, I, Gifford, L, Molnar, Z, Auckland, C, Evans, C, Johnson, K, Partridge, DG, Raza, M, Baker, P, Bonner, S, Essex, S, Murray, LJ, Lawton, AI, Burton-Fanning, S, Payne, BAI, Waugh, S, Gomes, AN, Kimuli, M, Murray, DR, Ashfield, P, Dobie, D, Ashford, F, Best, A, Crawford, L, Cumley, N, Mayhew, M, Megram, O, Mirza, J, Moles-Garcia, E, Percival, B, Driscoll, M, Ensell, L, Lowe, HL, Maftei, L, Mondani, M, Chaloner, NJ, Cogger, BJ, Easton, LJ, Huckson, H, Lewis, J, Lowdon, S, Malone, CS, Munemo, F, Mutingwende, M, Nicodemi, R, Podplomyk, O, Somassa, T, Beggs, A, Richter, A, Cormie, C, Dias, J, Forrest, S, Higginson, EE, Maes, M, Young, J, Davidson, RK, Jackson, KA, Turtle, L, Keeley, AJ, Ball, J, Byaruhanga, T, Chappell, JG, Dey, J, Hill, JD, Park, EJ, Fanaie, A, Hilson, RA, Yaze, G, Lo, S, Afifi, S, Beer, R, Maksimovic, J, McCluggage, K, Spellman, K, Bresner, C, Fuller, W, Marchbank, A, Workman, T, Shelest, E, Debebe, J, Sang, F, Zamudio, ME, Francois, S, Gutierrez, B, Vasylyeva, TI, Flaviani, F, Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Smollett, KL, Broos, A, Mair, D, Nichols, J, Nomikou, K, Tong, L, Tsatsani, I, O’Brien, PS, Rushton, S, Sanderson, R, Perkins, J, Cotton, S, Gallagher, A, Allara, E, Pearson, C, Bibby, D, Dabrera, G, Ellaby, N, Gallagher, E, Hubb, J, Lackenby, A, Lee, D, Manesis, N, Mbisa, T, Platt, S, Twohig, KA, Morgan, M, Aydin, A, Baker, DJ, Foster-Nyarko, E, Prosolek, SJ, Rudder, S, Baxter, C, Carvalho, SF, Lavin, D, Mariappan, A, Radulescu, C, Singh, A, Tang, M, Morcrette, H, Bayzid, N, Cotic, M, Balcazar, CE, Gallagher, MD, Maloney, D, Stanton, TD, Williamson, KA, Manley, R, Michelsen, ML, Sambles, CM, Studholme, DJ, Warwick-Dugdale, J, Eccles, R, Gemmell, M, Gregory, R, Hughes, M, Nelson, C, Rainbow, L, Vamos, EE, Webster, HJ, Whitehead, M, Wierzbicki, C, Angyal, A, Green, LR, Whiteley, M, Betteridge, E, Bronner, IF, Farr, BW, Goodwin, S, Lensing, SV, McCarthy, SA, Quail, MA, Rajan, D, Redshaw, NM, Scott, C, Shirley, L, Thurston, SAJ, Rowe, W, Gaskin, A, Le-Viet, T, Bonfield, J, Liddle, J, Whitwham, A, Ashby, D, Barclay, W, Taylor, G, Cooke, G, Ward, H, Darzi, A, Riley, S, Chadeau-Hyam, M, Donnelly, CA, Elliott, P, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Department of Health, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cancer Research UK, Commission of the European Communities, Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust: Research Capability Funding (RCF)

Subjects
Delta variant, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, C500, Microbiology, Genetic diversity, B900, Infectious Diseases, England, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Mutation, Humans, Transmission advantage, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Phylogeny, 0605 Microbiology
Abstract

Background Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, evolutionary pressure has driven large increases in the transmissibility of the virus. However, with increasing levels of immunity through vaccination and natural infection the evolutionary pressure will switch towards immune escape. Genomic surveillance in regions of high immunity is crucial in detecting emerging variants that can more successfully navigate the immune landscape. Methods We present phylogenetic relationships and lineage dynamics within England (a country with high levels of immunity), as inferred from a random community sample of individuals who provided a self-administered throat and nose swab for rt-PCR testing as part of the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study. During round 14 (9 September–27 September 2021) and 15 (19 October–5 November 2021) lineages were determined for 1322 positive individuals, with 27.1% of those which reported their symptom status reporting no symptoms in the previous month. Results We identified 44 unique lineages, all of which were Delta or Delta sub-lineages, and found a reduction in their mutation rate over the study period. The proportion of the Delta sub-lineage AY.4.2 was increasing, with a reproduction number 15% (95% CI 8–23%) greater than the most prevalent lineage, AY.4. Further, AY.4.2 was less associated with the most predictive COVID-19 symptoms (p = 0.029) and had a reduced mutation rate (p = 0.050). Both AY.4.2 and AY.4 were found to be geographically clustered in September but this was no longer the case by late October/early November, with only the lineage AY.6 exhibiting clustering towards the South of England. Conclusions As SARS-CoV-2 moves towards endemicity and new variants emerge, genomic data obtained from random community samples can augment routine surveillance data without the potential biases introduced due to higher sampling rates of symptomatic individuals.

Published
2022

35. Serum proteins and electrophoretic profile in horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization

Author

Monique Gonçalves S. Novelino RAMOS, Sabrina Destri Emmerick CAMPOS, Marcelo Abrahão STRAUCH, Leila Cardozo OTT, Daniel de Barros MACIEIRA, Nayro Xavier de ALENCAR, and Daniel Augusto Barroso LESSA

Subjects
Equine
Abstract

Indisputably, the use of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming is beneficial for the victims. However, there are few studies addressing the effect of long-term hyperimmunization in inoculated horses. It is known that the injection of snake venoms and adjuvants leads to local and systemic reactions in horses, but little is known about the response of inflammatory proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum proteins and the electrophoretic profile of horses undergoing crotalid venom hyperimmunization. Twenty horses were divided into two groups: an inoculated group, comprising ten horses that were already being used for production of a Crotalus sp. antivenom, and a control group, comprising ten animals that had never been used for hyperimmunization. All animals were clinically healthy and without laboratory abnormalities. Total protein and albumin concentrations were measured in serum. Serum globulins were obtained by calculation. Plasma fibrinogen estimates were determined by the heat precipitation method. Serum proteinograms were obtained using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of total serum proteins, globulins, and β-globulins in the inoculated group, exceeding the reference values. There were slight increases in the α-1- and α-2-globulin subfractions in serum-producing horses, with no statistical significance. We also observed that horses used to produce hyperimmune plasma developed hypoalbuminemia, although the decrease in albumin production was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that the continuous use of horses to produce crotalid antivenom may lead to a chronic inflammatory stimulus, with changes in plasma levels of inflammatory proteins.

Published
2022

39. Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England

Author

Vöhringer, HS, Sanderson, T, Sinnott, M, De Maio, N, Nguyen, T, Goater, R, Schwach, F, Harrison, I, Hellewell, J, Ariani, CV, Gonçalves, S, Jackson, DK, Johnston, I, Jung, AW, Saint, C, Sillitoe, J, Suciu, M, Goldman, N, Panovska-Griffiths, J, Abnizova, I, Aigrain, L, Alderton, A, Ali, M, Allen, L, Amato, R, Anderson, R, Ariani, C, Austin-Guest, S, Bala, S, Barrett, J, Bassett, A, Battleday, K, Beal, J, Beale, M, Beaver, C, Bellany, S, Bellerby, T, Bellis, K, Berger, D, Berriman, M, Betteridge, E, Bevan, P, Binley, S, Bishop, J, Blackburn, K, Bonfield, J, Boughton, N, Bowker, S, Brendler-Spaeth, T, Bronner, I, Brooklyn, T, Buddenborg, SK, Bush, R, Caetano, C, Cagan, A, Carter, N, Cartwright, J, Monteiro, TC, Chapman, L, Chillingworth, T-J, Clapham, P, Clark, R, Clarke, A, Clarke, C, Cole, D, Cook, E, Coppola, M, Cornell, L, Cornwell, C, Corton, C, Crackett, A, Cranage, A, Craven, H, Craw, S, Crawford, M, Cutts, T, Dabrowska, M, Davies, M, Davies, R, Dawson, J, Day, C, Densem, A, Dibling, T, Dockree, C, Dodd, D, Dogga, S, Dorman, M, Dougan, G, Dougherty, M, Dove, A, Drummond, L, Drury, E, Dudek, M, Durham, J, Durrant, L, Easthope, E, Eckert, S, Ellis, P, Farr, B, Fenton, M, Ferrero, M, Flack, N, Fordham, H, Forsythe, G, Foulser, L, Francis, M, Fraser, A, Freeman, A, Galvin, A, Garcia-Casado, M, Gedny, A, Girgis, S, Glover, J, Goncalves, S, Goodwin, S, Gould, O, Gourtovaia, M, Gray, A, Gray, E, Griffiths, C, Gu, Y, Guerin, F, Hamilton, W, Hanks, H, Harrison, E, Harrott, A, Harry, E, Harvison, J, Heath, P, Hernandez-Koutoucheva, A, Hobbs, R, Holland, D, Holmes, S, Hornett, G, Hough, N, Huckle, L, Hughes-Hallet, L, Hunter, A, Inglis, S, Iqbal, S, Jackson, A, Jackson, D, James, K, Jamrozy, D, Verdejo, CJ, Jones, M, Kallepally, K, Kane, L, Kay, K, Kay, S, Keatley, J, Keith, A, King, A, Kitchin, L, Kleanthous, M, Klimekova, M, Korlevic, P, Krasheninnkova, K, Lane, G, Langford, C, Laverack, A, Law, K, Lawniczak, M, Lensing, S, Leonard, S, Letchford, L, Lewis, K, Lewis-Wade, A, Liddle, J, Lin, Q, Lindsay, S, Linsdell, S, Livett, R, Lo, S, Long, R, Lovell, J, Ludden, C, Mack, J, Maddison, M, Makunin, A, Mamun, I, Mansfield, J, Marriott, N, Martin, M, Mayho, M, McCarthy, S, McClintock, J, McGuigan, S, McHugh, S, McMinn, L, Meadows, C, Mobley, E, Moll, R, Morra, M, Morrow, L, Murie, K, Nash, S, Nathwani, C, Naydenova, P, Neaverson, A, Nelson, R, Nerou, E, Nicholson, J, Nimz, T, Noell, GG, O’Meara, S, Ohan, V, Oliver, K, Olney, C, Ormond, D, Oszlanczi, A, Palmer, S, Pang, YF, Pardubska, B, Park, N, Parmar, A, Patel, G, Patel, M, Payne, M, Peacock, S, Petersen, A, Plowman, D, Preston, T, Prestwood, L, Puethe, C, Quail, M, Rajan, D, Rajatileka, S, Rance, R, Rawlings, S, Redshaw, N, Reynolds, J, Reynolds, M, Rice, S, Richardson, M, Roberts, C, Robinson, K, Robinson, M, Robinson, D, Rogers, H, Rojo, EM, Roopra, D, Rose, M, Rudd, L, Sadri, R, Salmon, N, Saul, D, Scott, C, Seekings, P, Shirley, L, Simms, A, Sivadasan, S, Siwek, B, Sizer, D, Skeldon, K, Skelton, J, Slater-Tunstill, J, Sloper, L, Smerdon, N, Smith, C, Smith, J, Smith, K, Smith, M, Smith, S, Smith, T, Sneade, L, Soria, CD, Sousa, C, Souster, E, Sparkes, A, Spencer-Chapman, M, Squares, J, Stanley, R, Steed, C, Stickland, T, Still, I, Stratton, MR, Strickland, M, Swann, A, Swiatkowska, A, Sycamore, N, Swift, E, Symons, E, Szluha, S, Taluy, E, Tao, N, Taylor, K, Taylor, S, Thompson, S, Thompson, M, Thomson, M, Thomson, N, Thurston, S, Tonkin-Hill, G, Toombs, D, Topping, B, Tovar-Corona, J, Ungureanu, D, Uphill, J, Urbanova, J, Van Vuuren, PJ, Vancollie, V, Voak, P, Walker, D, Walker, M, Waller, M, Ward, G, Weatherhogg, C, Webb, N, Weldon, D, Wells, A, Wells, E, Westwood, L, Whipp, T, Whiteley, T, Whitton, G, Whitwham, A, Widaa, S, Williams, M, Wilson, M, Wright, S, Robson, SC, Connor, TR, Loman, NJ, Golubchik, T, Martinez Nunez, RT, Bonsall, D, Rambaut, A, Snell, LB, Corden, S, Nastouli, E, Nebbia, G, Lythgoe, K, Torok, ME, Goodfellow, IG, Prieto, JA, Saeed, K, Houlihan, C, Frampton, D, Hamilton, WL, Witney, AA, Bucca, G, Pope, CF, Moore, C, Thomson, EC, Harrison, EM, Smith, CP, Rogan, F, Beckwith, SM, Murray, A, Singleton, D, Eastick, K, Sheridan, LA, Randell, P, Jackson, LM, Fairley, DJ, Loose, MW, Watkins, J, Moses, S, Nicholls, S, Bull, M, Smith, DL, Aanensen, DM, Aggarwal, D, Shepherd, JG, Curran, MD, Parmar, S, Parker, MD, Williams, C, Glaysher, S, Underwood, AP, Bashton, M, Pacchiarini, N, Loveson, KF, Byott, M, Carabelli, AM, Templeton, KE, de Silva, TI, Wang, D, Langford, CF, Gunson, RN, Cottrell, S, O’Grady, J, Kwiatkowski, D, Lillie, PJ, Cortes, N, Moore, N, Thomas, C, Burns, PJ, Mahungu, TW, Liggett, S, Beckett, AH, Holden, MTG, Levett, LJ, Osman, H, Hassan-Ibrahim, MO, Simpson, DA, Chand, M, Gupta, RK, Darby, AC, Paterson, S, Pybus, OG, Volz, EM, de Angelis, D, Robertson, DL, Page, AJ, Bassett, AR, Wong, N, Taha, Y, Erkiert, MJ, Spencer Chapman, MH, Dewar, R, McHugh, MP, Mookerjee, S, Aplin, S, Harvey, M, Sass, T, Umpleby, H, Wheeler, H, McKenna, JP, Warne, B, Taylor, JF, Chaudhry, Y, Izuagbe, R, Jahun, AS, Young, GR, McMurray, C, McCann, CM, Nelson, A, Elliott, S, Lowe, H, Price, A, Crown, MR, Rey, S, Roy, S, Temperton, B, Shaaban, S, Hesketh, AR, Laing, KG, Monahan, IM, Heaney, J, Pelosi, E, Silviera, S, Wilson-Davies, E, Fryer, H, Adams, H, du Plessis, L, Johnson, R, Harvey, WT, Hughes, J, Orton, RJ, Spurgin, LG, Bourgeois, Y, Ruis, C, O’Toole, Á, Fraser, C, Edgeworth, J, Breuer, J, Michell, SL, Todd, JA, John, M, Buck, D, Gajee, K, Kay, GL, Peacock, SJ, Heyburn, D, Kitchman, K, McNally, A, Pritchard, DT, Dervisevic, S, Muir, P, Robinson, E, Vipond, BB, Ramadan, NA, Jeanes, C, Catalan, J, Jones, N, da Silva Filipe, A, Fuchs, M, Miskelly, J, Jeffries, AR, Park, NR, Ash, A, Koshy, C, Barrow, M, Buchan, SL, Mantzouratou, A, Clark, G, Holmes, CW, Campbell, S, Davis, T, Tan, NK, Brown, JR, Harris, KA, Kidd, SP, Grant, PR, Xu-McCrae, L, Cox, A, Madona, P, Pond, M, Randell, PA, Withell, KT, Graham, C, Denton-Smith, R, Swindells, E, Turnbull, R, Sloan, TJ, Bosworth, A, Hutchings, S, Pymont, HM, Casey, A, Ratcliffe, L, Jones, CR, Knight, BA, Haque, T, Hart, J, Irish-Tavares, D, Witele, E, Mower, C, Watson, LK, Collins, J, Eltringham, G, Crudgington, D, Macklin, B, Iturriza-Gomara, M, Lucaci, AO, McClure, PC, Carlile, M, Holmes, N, Storey, N, Rooke, S, Yebra, G, Craine, N, Perry, M, Alikhan, N-F, Bridgett, S, Cook, KF, Fearn, C, Goudarzi, S, Lyons, RA, Williams, T, Haldenby, ST, Davies, RM, Batra, R, Blane, B, Spyer, MJ, Smith, P, Yavus, M, Williams, RJ, Mahanama, AIK, Samaraweera, B, Girgis, ST, Hansford, SE, Green, A, Bellis, KL, Dorman, MJ, Quick, J, Poplawski, R, Reynolds, N, Mack, A, Morriss, A, Whalley, T, Patel, B, Georgana, I, Hosmillo, M, Pinckert, ML, Stockton, J, Henderson, JH, Hollis, A, Stanley, W, Yew, WC, Myers, R, Thornton, A, Adams, A, Annett, T, Asad, H, Birchley, A, Coombes, J, Evans, JM, Fina, L, Gatica-Wilcox, B, Gilbert, L, Graham, L, Hey, J, Hilvers, E, Jones, S, Jones, H, Kumziene-Summerhayes, S, McKerr, C, Powell, J, Pugh, G, Trotter, AJ, Williams, CA, Kermack, LM, Foulkes, BH, Gallis, M, Hornsby, HR, Louka, SF, Pohare, M, Wolverson, P, Zhang, P, MacIntyre-Cockett, G, Trebes, A, Moll, RJ, Ferguson, L, Goldstein, EJ, Maclean, A, Tomb, R, Starinskij, I, Thomson, L, Southgate, J, Kraemer, MUG, Raghwani, J, Zarebski, AE, Boyd, O, Geidelberg, L, Illingworth, CJ, Jackson, C, Pascall, D, Vattipally, S, Freeman, TM, Hsu, SN, Lindsey, BB, Tovar-Corona, JM, Cox, M, Abudahab, K, Menegazzo, M, Taylor, BEW, Yeats, CA, Mukaddas, A, Wright, DW, de Oliveira Martins, L, Colquhoun, R, Hill, V, Jackson, B, McCrone, JT, Medd, N, Scher, E, Keatley, J-P, Curran, T, Morgan, S, Maxwell, P, Eldirdiri, S, Kenyon, A, Holmes, AH, Price, JR, Wyatt, T, Mather, AE, Skvortsov, T, Hartley, JA, Guest, M, Kitchen, C, Merrick, I, Munn, R, Bertolusso, B, Lynch, J, Vernet, G, Kirk, S, Wastnedge, E, Idle, G, Bradley, DT, Poyner, J, Mori, M, Jones, O, Wright, V, Brooks, E, Churcher, CM, Fragakis, M, Galai, K, Jermy, A, Judges, S, McManus, GM, Smith, KS, Westwick, E, Attwood, SW, Bolt, F, Davies, A, De Lacy, E, Downing, F, Edwards, S, Meadows, L, Jeremiah, S, Smith, N, Charalampous, T, Patel, A, Berry, L, Boswell, T, Fleming, VM, Howson-Wells, HC, Joseph, A, Khakh, M, Lister, MM, Bird, PW, Fallon, K, Helmer, T, McMurray, CL, Odedra, M, Shaw, J, Tang, JW, Willford, NJ, Blakey, V, Raviprakash, V, Sheriff, N, Williams, L-A, Feltwell, T, Bedford, L, Cargill, JS, Hughes, W, Moore, J, Stonehouse, S, Atkinson, L, Lee, JCD, Shah, D, Alcolea, A, Ohemeng-Kumi, N, Ramble, J, Sehmi, J, Williams, R, Chatterton, W, Pusok, M, Everson, W, Castigador, A, Macnaughton, E, El Bouzidi, K, Lampejo, T, Sudhanva, M, Breen, C, Sluga, G, Ahmad, SSY, George, RP, Machin, NW, Binns, D, James, V, Blacow, R, Coupland, L, Smith, L, Barton, E, Padgett, D, Scott, G, Cross, A, Mirfenderesky, M, Greenaway, J, Cole, K, Clarke, P, Duckworth, N, Walsh, S, Bicknell, K, Impey, R, Wyllie, S, Hopes, R, Bishop, C, Chalker, V, Gifford, L, Molnar, Z, Auckland, C, Evans, C, Johnson, K, Partridge, DG, Raza, M, Baker, P, Bonner, S, Essex, S, Murray, LJ, Lawton, AI, Burton-Fanning, S, Payne, BAI, Waugh, S, Gomes, AN, Kimuli, M, Murray, DR, Ashfield, P, Dobie, D, Ashford, F, Best, A, Crawford, L, Cumley, N, Mayhew, M, Megram, O, Mirza, J, Moles-Garcia, E, Percival, B, Ensell, L, Lowe, HL, Maftei, L, Mondani, M, Chaloner, NJ, Cogger, BJ, Easton, LJ, Huckson, H, Lewis, J, Lowdon, S, Malone, CS, Munemo, F, Mutingwende, M, Nicodemi, R, Podplomyk, O, Somassa, T, Beggs, A, Richter, A, Cormie, C, Dias, J, Forrest, S, Higginson, EE, Maes, M, Young, J, Davidson, RK, Jackson, KA, Turtle, L, Keeley, AJ, Ball, J, Byaruhanga, T, Chappell, JG, Dey, J, Hill, JD, Park, EJ, Fanaie, A, Hilson, RA, Yaze, G, Afifi, S, Beer, R, Maksimovic, J, Masters, KM, Spellman, K, Bresner, C, Fuller, W, Marchbank, A, Workman, T, Shelest, E, Debebe, J, Sang, F, Zamudio, ME, Francois, S, Gutierrez, B, Vasylyeva, TI, Flaviani, F, Ragonnet-Cronin, M, Smollett, KL, Broos, A, Mair, D, Nichols, J, Nomikou, K, Tong, L, Tsatsani, I, O’Brien, S, Rushton, S, Sanderson, R, Perkins, J, Cotton, S, Gallagher, A, Allara, E, Pearson, C, Bibby, D, Dabrera, G, Ellaby, N, Gallagher, E, Hubb, J, Lackenby, A, Lee, D, Manesis, N, Mbisa, T, Platt, S, Twohig, KA, Morgan, M, Aydin, A, Baker, DJ, Foster-Nyarko, E, Prosolek, SJ, Rudder, S, Baxter, C, Carvalho, SF, Lavin, D, Mariappan, A, Radulescu, C, Singh, A, Tang, M, Morcrette, H, Bayzid, N, Cotic, M, Balcazar, CE, Gallagher, MD, Maloney, D, Stanton, TD, Williamson, KA, Manley, R, Michelsen, ML, Sambles, CM, Studholme, DJ, Warwick-Dugdale, J, Eccles, R, Gemmell, M, Gregory, R, Hughes, M, Nelson, C, Rainbow, L, Vamos, EE, Webster, HJ, Whitehead, M, Wierzbicki, C, Angyal, A, Green, LR, Whiteley, M, Bronner, IF, Farr, BW, Lensing, SV, McCarthy, SA, Quail, MA, Redshaw, NM, Thurston, SAJ, Rowe, W, Gaskin, A, Le-Viet, T, Birney, E, Volz, E, Funk, S, Martincorena, I, Barrett, JC, and Gerstung, M

Abstract

The evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021.

Published
2021

44. A global assessment of research on urban ecology of reptiles: patterns, gaps and future directions.

Author

Brum, P. H. R., Gonçalves, S. R. A., Strüssmann, C., and Teixido, A. L.

Subjects
*URBAN ecology, *URBAN research, *REPTILES, *WILDLIFE conservation, *EVIDENCE gaps, *URBAN growth
Abstract

Global urban expansion has multiple impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Still, urban centres may play an important role in the conservation of reptiles, an undersampled, megadiverse and unevenly distributed group especially vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. However, major gaps in research on the urban ecology of reptiles and species responses to urbanisation persist, which may limit our capacity to guide suitable conservation policies. We conducted a global systematic literature review to evaluate biogeographic, taxonomic and ecological research biases in the urban ecology of reptiles and ultimately to detect major gaps and steer future sampling efforts. Our database comprised 278 articles dealing with biological responses to urbanisation of 493 species across 45 countries, comprising 658 cases between a given species and specific biological response. Research on the urban ecology of reptiles was geographically and taxonomically biased. Developed countries within temperate regions were better sampled, whereas developing tropical and megadiverse countries were mostly undersampled or neglected. Among reptile orders, Testudines and Crocodylia were proportionally more studied than Squamata. Across lower groups within Squamata, lizards were present in most studies and were the biological model most commonly used. Studies evaluating biological responses associated with landscape‐level processes, behaviour and/or population dynamics were prevalent, whereas conservation, human–reptile conflicts and wildlife management were the least considered topics. Our results show that research on urban ecology of reptiles is unevenly distributed across regions and lineages. Overcoming these major gaps is an important step towards the improvement of the conservation of reptiles worldwide under the upcoming biodiversity loss scenario. Beyond spreading sampling efforts across undersampled countries, taxa and research topics to meet conservation objectives, we recommend more multidisciplinary approaches to evaluate and compare the actual performance of reptiles in urban environments and to achieve the equilibrium between human well‐being and species conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Data Fusion and Visualization towards City Disaster Management: Lisbon Case Study

Author

Elvas, L. B., Gonçalves, S. P., Ferreira, J. C., and Madureira, A.

Subjects
Smart City, Data mining, Disaster Management, CRISP-DM
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Due to the high level of unpredictability and the complexity of the information requirements, disaster management operations are information demanding. Emergency response planners should organize response operations efficiently and assign rescue teams to particular catastrophe areas with a high possibility of surviving. Making decisions becomes more difficult when the information provided is heterogeneous, out of date, and often fragmented. OBJECTIVES: In this research work a data fusion of different information sources and a data visualization process was applied to provide a big picture about the disruptive events in a city. This high-level knowledge is important for emergency management authorities. This holistic process for managing, processing, and analysing the seven Vs (Volume, Velocity, Variety, Variability, Veracity, Visualization, and Value) in order to generate actionable insights for disaster management. METHODS: A CRISP-DM methodology over smart city-data was applied. The fusion approach was introduced to merge different data sources. RESULTS: A set of visual tools in dashboards were produced to support the city municipality management process. Visualization of big picture based on different data available is the proposed work. CONCLUSION: Through this research, it was verified that there are temporal and spatial patterns of occurrences that affected the city of Lisbon, with some types of occurrences having a higher incidence in certain periods of the year, such as floods and collapses that occur when there are high levels of precipitation. On the other hand, it was verified that the downtown area of the city is the most affected area. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

46. Development and Functional Evaluation of a Passive Ankle Exoskeleton to Support Military Locomotion.

Author

Quinto, L., Pinheiro, P., Gonçalves, S. B., Ferreira, R., Roupa, I., and da Silva, M. Tavares

Subjects
ROBOTIC exoskeletons, ANKLE, RANGE of motion of joints, ANIMAL exoskeletons, ERGONOMICS
Abstract

This work aims to develop an exoskeleton structure that complies with a set of military requirements in line with the current operational environment demands. A design process was implemented so that these requirements could be identified and embedded in the development of a functional prototype suited for laboratory trials. The prototype was manufactured using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies, and a functional evaluation of the developed solution was performed by 30 subjects to assess its suitability for military applications. Results show that the developed design is suitable for military activities, incorporating requirements addressing ergonomics, range of motion and comfort. Also, additive manufacturing is suitable for developing tailor-made exoskeleton structures, allowing for the prompt production of affordable personalized parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. INJECTIVE LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS WITH EQUAL GAP AND DEFECT.

Author

MENDES ARAÚJO, C. and MENDES-GONÇALVES, S.

Subjects
*VECTOR spaces, *CARDINAL numbers
Abstract

Let V be an infinite-dimensional vector space over a field F and let $I(V)$ be the inverse semigroup of all injective partial linear transformations on V. Given $\alpha \in I(V)$ , we denote the domain and the range of $\alpha $ by ${\mathop {\textrm {dom}}}\,\alpha $ and ${\mathop {\textrm {im}}}\,\alpha $ , and we call the cardinals $g(\alpha)={\mathop {\textrm {codim}}}\,{\mathop {\textrm {dom}}}\,\alpha $ and $d(\alpha)={\mathop {\textrm {codim}}}\,{\mathop {\textrm {im}}}\,\alpha $ the 'gap' and the 'defect' of $\alpha $. We study the semigroup $A(V)$ of all injective partial linear transformations with equal gap and defect and characterise Green's relations and ideals in $A(V)$. This is analogous to work by Sanwong and Sullivan ['Injective transformations with equal gap and defect', Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.79 (2009), 327–336] on a similarly defined semigroup for the set case, but we show that these semigroups are never isomorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. Reuse of Wastewater and Hydrogeneration: Sustainable Land Division Project

Author

Cardoso-Gonçalves Jorge and Gonçalves Samuel

Subjects
hydrogeneration, reuse, sustainability, circularity, innovation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The present case study - Sustainable Cerrado Subdivision Project in Arouca (Portugal) - proposes the implementation of a design solution that promotes ‘sustainable neighborhoods’, expanding the concept of ‘sustainable homes’. This type of project results from the application of established construction methodologies and innovative solutions, aiming to meet society’s needs with the least possible mobilization of resources (natural, energy, and financial), considering water and energy efficiency as central elements. More specifically, the goal is to reduce the inflows into public wastewater and stormwater drainage systems by changing the consumption habits of the population and collecting rainwater in impermeable areas, as well as treating greywater for non-potable reuse. In water supply systems, there is potential for energy production through microturbines that can harness the energy required for pressure control - hydrogeneration.

Published
2023
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