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R. Giuliano, F. Mazzenga, A. Vizzarri, A.M. Vegni, "Future Communication Systems for Railway: the AB4Rail project in H2020 Shift2Rail Programme", Transport Research Arena (TRA) Conference 14-17nov 2022 *Alessandro Vizzarri (contact author). E-mail address: alessandro.vizzarri@radiolabs.it ABSTRACT In the last few years, the railway community has been working on the replacement of GSM-R technology used within the ERTMS/ETCS system. It is crucial to identify alternative communication technologies able to replace GSM-R guaranteeing the same requirements of QoS/QoE, security, and safety. For this purpose, the two most promising approaches are based on FRMCS and ACS systems. The Eu-Rail JU H2020 AB4Rail project (Alternative Bearer For Rail) aims to investigate the possibility of extending the set of communication bearers that can be integrated into the FRMCS/ACS systems. In this paper, the authors describe the main results obtained in AB4Rail research activities and adopted methodologies. From AB4Rail project investigations, it has emerged that the most promising candidates are: Free Space Optics (FSO) and innovative aerial communication technologies including LEO HTS satellites and HAPS.

The document describes the features technologies for Abs that will be analysed in AB4Rail Deliverable objectiveis the overview of the state-of-art in the areas of alternative communication bearers (ABs), which are expected to be of interest for improving capabilities of the Adaptable Communication System (ACS). In the document a set of candidate communication technologies have been investigated as potential ones for railway applications. &nbsp

Recently, pushed by COVID-19 pandemic, the need of respecting social distancing has motivated several researchers to define novel technological solutions to monitor and track user movements. Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) world has addressed this challenge by means of the use of different technologies, such as Bluetooth, in order to track user inter-distance and encounter time. Technology solutions should be able to not only track contacts, but also alert users to restore social distancing. In this paper, we present IMPERSONAL framework, with the twofold aim of both (i) tracking and monitoring social distancing, and (ii) alerting users in case of gatherings. The framework is based on a sub-network of computer vision-based devices that is adopted to monitor and track users’movements to estimate their inter-distance and compute the encounter time. Such information is then the input to an Internet of Things sub-network, aiming to retrieve the anonymous IDs of people belonging to a gathering, as well as to send alert messages to them. We assess IMPERSONAL framework by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results, showing its effectiveness in terms of accuracy in correctly identifying users and gatherings in videos taken from live cameras, both in case of indoor and outdoor real scenarios. The benefits of IMPERSONAL framework are expressed in terms of the ability to track people, solve gatherings and send warning messages. IEEE