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Stefan Müllers Analyse der Darstellung männlicher Homosexualität in den Romanen deutschsprachiger Autoren in der Zwischenkriegszeit verfolgt zum einen das Ziel, längst vergessene oder nur wenigen Insidern bekannte literarische Schätze zu bergen, die Homosexualität thematisieren, zum anderen soll die inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Sujet untersucht werden. Die Romane werden ob ihrer Publikationszeit mit der Außergewöhnlichkeit der Epoche in Verbindung gebracht. Nach den starken Weiterentwicklungen der Sozial- und Sexualwissenschaften bot die Republik von Weimar einen Nährboden für neue Erkenntnisse, die beispielsweise alte Diskurse zur Homosexualität in Frage stellten und das Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung in eine neue Richtung schoben. Die sieben Analysegruppen (Jugend, Erwachsene, Nationalsozialismus, Recht und Gewalt sowie Militär und vier Einzelinterpretationen), denen insgesamt mehr als siebzig Romane zugeordnet werden konnten, beleuchten unterschiedliche Aspekte schwulen Lebens in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Sie demonstrieren Homosexualität als gängigen literarischen Topos, der in manchmal verblüffender Egalität verwendet wird. Auf Basis dieser Kategorisierung können nun weitere Romane hinsichtlich ihrer Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede analysiert und dahingehend geprüft werden, auf welche Art und Weise das schwule Leben jener zwanzig Jahre zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen in die Texte transportiert worden ist.

Exemplarischer Einblick in ein vernachlässigtes Feld der Universitätsgeschichte. Neben Forschung und Bildung ist Lehre zwar eine der drei elementaren Aufgaben jeder Universität, in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird sie aber nur nachrangig behandelt. In diesem Band untersucht Holger Fischer am Beispiel der Hamburger Universität die Entwicklung von Studium, Lehre und Studienreform im Verlauf ihres 100-jährigen Bestehens. Gestützt auf eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Quellen schildert der Autor die Entwicklung der Studienbedingungen, der Studienstrukturen, der Studienorganisation und der Studienreform. Detailliert stellt Fischer dar, wer die Träger und Verhinderer der vielen studienreformerischen Ideen und Aktivitäten waren. Seine Betrachtung erfolgt dabei aus der zentralen Perspektive der Gesamtuniversität; zugleich werden Beispiele aus der dezentralen Ebene einzelner Fächer angeführt. Berücksichtigt werden dabei auch überregionale Entwicklungen und Diskussionsprozesse. Holger Fischer zeigt beispielhaft auf, dass die Universität Hamburg gerade auf dem Gebiet der Studienreform häufig eine Vorreiterfunktion übernahm.

Seit ihrer Wiedereröffnung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gerierten sich die Universitäten als traditionell unpolitische Institutionen. Diese Grundausrichtung sei durch den Nationalsozialismus unterbrochen worden. Mit dem Übergang zu einer demokratischen Ordnung gelte es, diese Tradition wieder aufzunehmen, nicht zuletzt um die Studierenden als zukünftige gesellschaftliche Elite zu mündigen Staatsbürgern zu bilden – so die Forderung universitärer Akteure. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht Michaela Keim die Universität zu Köln als sozialen Raum und als Raum politischer Diskurse von ihrer Wiedereröffnung 1945 bis in die langen 1960er Jahre. In der Analyse identifiziert sie die lokalen Spezifika und Voraussetzungen in Köln, setzt diese aber immer wieder in Beziehung zu den allgemeinen Entwicklungen der Hochschullandschaft in der Bundesrepublik.

Als städtische Gründung war die Universität zu Köln ein Sonderfall unter den deutschen Hochschulen. Was folgte daraus für ihre Entwicklung in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus? Die Universität zu Köln nahm im deutschen Hochschulsystem eine Sonderstellung ein. Sie zählte zu den neuen Großstadtuniversitäten, hob sich vor allem aber als von der Stadt Köln 1919 gegründete, von dieser getragene und finanzierte akademische Institution von anderen Hochschulen ab. Hans-Peter Ullmann untersucht, wie diese Besonderheiten zunächst den Weg der Universität in die nationalsozialistische Diktatur begünstigt, dann ihre Nazifizierung sowohl vorangetrieben als auch begrenzt und schließlich den Schritt in die Demokratie erschwert haben. Es zeigt einerseits, dass die Kölner Universität als Kind des »Weimarer Systems« und im katholischen Rheinland gelegen vom NS-Staat nicht gut gelitten war, weshalb ihre Schließung mehrfach zur Diskussion stand. Andererseits wird deutlich, dass viele Kölner Professoren und eine Mehrheit der Studierenden die Weimarer Republik abgelehnt, sich nach 1933 in unterschiedlichem Grad auf den Nationalsozialismus eingelassen sowie der Vertreibung jüdischer und politisch missliebiger Hochschulangehöriger nicht widersprochen haben. So fügte sich die Universität zu Köln in das Regime ein und trug dieses von Anfang bis Ende mit, nicht zuletzt im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Diese Kollaboration verdrängte die Hochschule in den Jahren des Wiederaufbaus und der Entnazifizierung nach 1945.

Starting in the nineteenth century in Germany, colourful military uniforms became a locus for various queer male fantasies, fostering an underground sexual economy of male prostitution as well as a political project to exploit the army's prestige for queer emancipation. In the first decade of the twentieth century, however, a series of scandals derailed this emancipatory project. Simultaneously, public debates began to invoke homosexuality, sadism, transvestism, and other sexological concepts to criticize military policies and practices. In pursuing the threads with which queer authors and activists stitched their fantasies about uniforms, Jeffrey Schneider offers fresh perspectives on key debates over military secrecy, disciplinary abuses in the army, and German militarism. Drawing on a vast trove of materials ranging from sexological case studies, trial transcripts, and parliamentary debates to queer activist tracts, autobiographies, and literary texts, Uniform Fantasies uncovers a particularly modern set of concerns about such topics as outing closeted homosexuals, the presence of gay men in the military, and whether men in uniform are more masculine or more insecure about their sexual identity.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1993.

Was bedeuten Totenkopfsymbole? Über die Medien- und Konsumkultur zieren sie das Erscheinungsbild von Waren und Menschen. Sie stiften Attitüden, die in den letzten Jahrzehnten verstärkt als attraktiv und cool, aber auch als geschmacklos und bedrohlich bewertet werden. Spätestens wenn machtvolle oder nach Macht strebende Gruppen das Symbol nutzen, stellt sich die Frage, was es signalisiert. Die Studie analysiert aus historisch-kulturanthropologischer Perspektive Totenkopfmotive bei Piraten, Husaren, Freikorps, SS und Halbstarken. Aus dem historischen Militärwesen heraus haben sie multiple Bedeutungen für die Moden in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart entfaltet: Erst wer die Geschichte kennt, vermag die Relevanz der teils stark belasteten Motive einzuschätzen.

RecordCovid19. Historicizing Experiences of the Pandemic provides insights into the experience of the Covid19 pandemic from an historical and sociological perspective. Using the first-hand testimonies submitted as part of the #RecordCovid19 project as its inspiration, the chapters in this edited collection explore and contextualise the initial responses to the Covid19 pandemic. The collection examines people's relationships with Covid19 as an historical event, including their own experiences of living through history; their relationship with their surroundings, including their relationships with family, the soundscapes and the emotional environments of a pandemic world; the impact and tone of political rhetoric, including the use (and misuse) of wartime myths and language in the United Kingdom; and finally, what lessons can be learnt from how people discuss their own personal stories and what lessons can we draw from previous examples of storytelling in moments of crisis. The result is a fascinating and rich discussion derived from an archive full of idiosyncratic experiences of life changing during the Covid19 pandemic.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.

In The Queer Art of History Jennifer V. Evans examines postwar and contemporary German history to broadly argue for a practice of queer history that moves beyond bounded concepts and narratives of identity. Drawing on Black feminism, queer of color critique, and trans studies, Evans points out that although many rights for LGBTQI people have been gained in Germany, those rights have not been enjoyed equally. There remain fundamental struggles around whose bodies, behaviors, and communities belong. Evans uses kinship as an analytic category to identify the fraught and productive ways that Germans have confronted race, gender nonconformity, and sexuality in social movements, art, and everyday life. Evans shows how kinship illuminates the work of solidarity and intersectional organizing across difference and offers an openness to forms of contemporary and historical queerness that may escape the archive's confines. Through forms of kinship, queer and trans people test out new possibilities for citizenship, love, and public and family life in postwar Germany in ways that question claims about liberal democracy, the social contract, and the place of identity in rights-based discourses.

Dieses Buch untersucht die Entstehung und frühe Entwicklung der forensischen Psychologie in Deutschland vom späten neunzehnten Jahrhundert bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs und beleuchtet die interdisziplinären Anfänge und die umstrittene Entwicklung des Fachs. Ursprünglich als Psychologie aller an Strafverfahren Beteiligten gedacht, versprach diese neue Disziplin, sich von der ausschließlichen Konzentration auf den Kriminellen zu lösen und eine ganzheitliche Sichtweise der Auswirkungen menschlicher Fehlbarkeit auf die Strafjustiz zu bieten. Wie in diesem Buch dargelegt wird, war die forensische Psychologie in der Zwischenkriegszeit jedoch weitgehend zu einer Psychologie des Zeugen geworden; ihr Fokus wurde durch die Anforderungen des Gerichtssaals eingeengt. Anhand detaillierter Studien des Berchtold-Prozesses von 1896 und des Frenzel-Prozesses von 1930 geht das Buch der Frage nach, ob die Spannungen zwischen Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Gerichtsmedizin, Pädagogikund Recht in Bezug auf psychologisches Fachwissen in der Gerichtspraxis präsent waren, und untersucht, warum sich bis 1939 noch kein klarer Sieger im'Kampf um die forensische Psychologie'abzeichnete.

On Screen and Off shows that the making of Nazism was a local affair and the Nazi city a product of more than models and plans emanating from Berlin. In Hamburg, film was key in turning this self-styled'Gateway to the World'into a'Nazi city.'The Nazi regime imagined film as a powerful tool to shape National Socialist subjects. In Hamburg, those very subjects chanced upon film culture as a seemingly apolitical opportunity to articulate their own ideas about how Nazism ought to work. Tracing discourses around film production and film consumption in the city, On Screen and Off illustrates how Nazi ideology was envisaged, imagined, experienced, and occasionally even fought over.Local authorities in Hamburg, from the governor Karl Kaufmann to youth wardens and members of the Hamburg Film Club, used debates over cinema to define the reach and practice of National Socialism in the city. Film thus engendered a political space in which local activists, welfare workers, cultural experts, and administrators asserted their views about the current state of affairs, articulated criticism and praise, performed their commitment to the regime, and policed the boundaries of the Volksgemeinschaft. Of all the championed'people's products,'film alone extended the promise of economic prosperity and cultural preeminence into the war years and beyond the city's destruction. From the ascension of the Nazi regime through the smoldering rubble, going to the movies grounded normalcy in the midst of rupture.

As the Nazis staged their takeover in 1933, instances of antisemitic violence began to soar. While previous historical research assumed that this violence happened much later, Hermann Beck counteracts this, drawing on sources from twenty German archives, and focussing on this early violence, and on the reaction of German institutions and the elites who led them. Before the Holocaust examines the antisemitic violence experienced in this period - from boycotts, violent attacks, robbery, extortion, abductions, and humiliating'pillory marches', to grievous bodily harm and murder - which has hitherto not been adequately recognized. Beck then analyses the reactions of those institutions that still had the capacity to protest against Nazi attacks and legislative measures - the Protestant Church, the Catholic Church, the bureaucracies, and Hitler's conservative coalition partner, the DNVP - and the mindset of the elites who led them, to determine their various responses to flagrant antisemitic abuses. Individual protests against violent attacks, the April boycott, and Nazi legislative measures were already hazardous in March and April 1933, but established institutions in the German State and society were still able to voice their concerns and raise objections. By doing so, they might have stopped or at least postponed a radicalization that eventually led to the pogrom of 1938 (Kristallnacht) and the Holocaust.

This is a German history of cinema and film from the 1890s to 1945 with a focus on queer masculinity. Using media studies approaches, the study shows how film as a new medium is constituted through performative re-enactments of spectacular elements from the entertainment and knowledge cultures of the 19th century. In it, bodies, desires and identities are constantly remodelled through the formation of difference. Therefore, male queerness here does not mean the representation of male homosexuality. Rather, it is the dynamic result of complex medial processes, affects and (self-)knowledge on and off the screen. Building on Eve K. Sedgwick's queer-feminist concept of queer performativity, the author creates a historically situated model with which she traces various figures of technically anthropomorphic queer masculinity in the medium of film in an empowering sense. This book is a translation of an original German 1st edition Performative Figuren queerer Männlichkeit by Christiane König, published by J.B.Metzler, imprint of Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The author (with the friendly support of Megan Hanson) has subsequently revised the text further in an endeavour to refine the work stylistically. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support authors.

A history of modern Germany told not through the lives of its leaders, but its lawbreakers. As Nelson Mandela said, “a nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones.” Shadowland tells the sometimes inspiring, often painful stories of Germany's prisoners, and thereby shines new light on Germany itself. The story begins at the end of the Second World War, in a defeated country on the edge of collapse, in which orphaned and lost children are forced into homelessness, scavenging and stealing to stay alive, often laying the foundations of a so-called criminal career. While East Germany developed detention facilities for its secret police, West Germany passed prison reform laws, which erected, in the words of a prisoner, “little asbestos walls in Hell.” Shadowland is Germany as seen through the lives, experiences, triumphs, and tragedies of its lowest citizens.

Modern Germany explores life, society, and history in this comprehensive thematic encyclopedia, spanning such topics as geography, pop culture, the media, and gender.Germany and its capital, Berlin, were the fulcrum of geopolitics in the twentieth century. After the Second World War, Germany was a divided nation. Many German citizens were born and educated and continued to work in eastern Germany (the former German Democratic Republic).This title in the Understanding Modern Nations series seeks to explain contemporary life and traditional culture through thematic encyclopedic entries. Themes in the book cover geography; history; politics and government; economy; religion and thought; social classes and ethnicity; gender, marriage, and sexuality; education; language; etiquette; literature and drama; art and architecture; music and dance; food; leisure and sports; and media and pop culture. Within each theme, short topical entries cover a wide array of key concepts and ideas, from LGBTQ issues in Germany to linguistic dialects to the ever-famous Oktoberfest. Geared specifically toward high school and undergraduate German students, readers interested in history and travel will find this book accessible and engaging.

Focusing on events in Rwanda, Armenia, and the former Yugoslavia as well as the Holocaust, Genocide and Gender in the Twentieth Century investigates how historically- and culturally-specific ideas led to genocidal sexual violence. Expert contributors also consider how these ideas, in conjunction with issues relating to femininity, masculinity and understandings of gendered identities, contributed to perpetrators'tools and strategies for ethnic cleansing and genocide. The 2nd edition features:• Five brand new chapters which explore: imperialism, race, gender and genocide; the Cambodian genocide; memory and intergenerational transmission of Holocaust trauma; and genocide, gender and memory in the Armenian case.• An extended and enhanced introduction which makes use of recent scholarship on gender and violence.• Historiographical and bibliographical updates throughout.• Key primary document - excerpt from the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide.Updated and revised in its second edition, Genocide and Gender in the Twentieth Century is the authoritative study on the complex gender dimensions of ethnic cleansing and genocide in the 20th century.

Pink Triangle Legacies traces the transformation of the pink triangle from a Nazi concentration camp badge and emblem of discrimination into a widespread, recognizable symbol of queer activism, pride, and community. W. Jake Newsome provides an overview of the Nazis'targeted violence against LGBTQ+ people and details queer survivors'fraught and ongoing fight for the acknowledgement, compensation, and memorialization of LGBTQ+ victims. Within this context, a new generation of queer activists has used the pink triangle—a reminder of Germany's fascist past—as the visual marker of gay liberation, seeking to end queer people's status as second-class citizens by asserting their right to express their identity openly. The reclamation of the pink triangle occurred first in West Germany, but soon activists in the United States adopted this chapter from German history as their own. As gay activists on opposite sides of the Atlantic grafted pink triangle memories onto new contexts, they connected two national communities and helped form the basis of a shared gay history, indeed a new gay identity, that transcended national borders. Pink Triangle Legacies illustrates the dangerous consequences of historical silencing and how the incorporation of hidden histories into the mainstream understanding of the past can contribute to a more inclusive experience of belonging in the present. There can be no justice without acknowledging and remembering injustice. As Newsome demonstrates, if a marginalized community seeks a history that liberates them from the confines of silence, they must often write it themselves.