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An important task of precision farming is the management of the production process, based on the use of information and digital technologies. The most significant components of predictive models of crop yields include agrometeorological and soil-climatic conditions of the area where they are cultivated. The paper gives an example of substantiating the optimal location for an automatic weather station. The weather station is an integral element of the integrated management system for a digital agricultural enterprise - the educational and production base of the agricultural university. Students and staff do not have user rights. For the possibility of using agrometeorological data for a wider range of people, an accessible version of the database is proposed. The database is a shared directory of Excel files. They contain monthly information on all parameters registered by the agrometeorological complex on the territory of the educational and production base of the university. The use of original forecasting models, based on controlled agrometeorological factors, provides a reduction in agricultural risks and an increase in the productivity of cultivated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have developed a technique for the synthesis of an aggregatively stable sol containing nanoparticles of both manganese dioxide and cobalt oxide. The paper considers the several colloidal chemical properties of sol and properties of the final layers. X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of Mn, Co, and O on the membrane surface. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction diagram showed that the particles of the synthesized sol consist of manganese and cobalt compounds: MnO2 and Co3O4. Samples of deposited membranes were tested, in which the membrane showed the presence of catalytic activity in the reaction of dye oxidation. Due to atomic absorption spectroscopy, the leaching of each of the metals in the reaction mixture after the reaction is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new technologies, designs of agricultural machines, as well as the correction of the situation that developed in 1990-2015, led to the need for an accelerated renewal of the machine-tractor fleet in the agricultural production of Russia. One of the instruments of this process is state support. Therefore, it is required to develop the state regulation new methods that stimulate the purchase of new equipment by agricultural producers. Our study purpose is to determine the possibilities of using the commodity lending mechanism to upgrade the machine-tractor fleet in modern conditions. The following tasks are supposed to be solved: - consideration of the using commodity lending experience as a state agrarian policy element; - formulating a mechanism for commodity lending, taking into account the lending object (equipment) characteristics; - determination of this mechanism parameters. One of the effective tools is commodity lending, adapted to the lending object characteristics. It is rational to use the repayment of the principal amount, both in cash and in products. Why use a grain equivalent, the basis of which will be the price of the 4th class wheat grain. In 2022, the purchase of an average tractor requires 324 tons of grain, and the purchase of a grain combine requires 657 tons (or 64.7 tons and 131.4 tons per year, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, a very topical environmental problem is the increase in formation of industrial and solid municipal waste. Therefore, the purpose of research and development projects is the creation of resource-saving technology, technological systems and special equipment for integrated processing and recycling of various man-made materials. One of the areas of recycling technogenic raw materials is their use in the production of composite materials for additive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the diversity of coniferous plants in the dendroflora of parks and other green spaces of the South-Eastern coast of Crimea. Conifers are represented by 3 families, 14 genera, 31 species and 22 cultivars. Cupressaceae includes 8 genera and 16 species; Pinaceae - 5 genera and 14 species; Taxaceae - 1 genus and 1 species. The frequency of occurrence of coniferous trees and shrubs in different types of green spaces was estimated. Six species are very often used in landscaping: Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens, Pinus brutia, P. nigra subsp. pallasiana, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. They are found everywhere and are represented by a large number of specimens (tens and hundreds). The botanical-geographical origin of the species was analyzed. The largest number (12 or 38.7%) of coniferous woody plants are of Mediterranean origin. Trees and shrubs of the native Crimean flora (archaeophytes and neophytes) make up 10 species, or 32.3%, of which cedars, cypresses and pines play a significant role in cultural cenoses and emphasize the Mediterranean character of local landscapes. The form of conifers diversity in the study region is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the task of increasing the thermal efficiency of flat solar collectors in heat supply systems by optimizing their operating parameters under conditions when their weight and size characteristics and thermal engineering parameters are already well developed in world practice, studied and reached values close to the limit values. It is shown that an increase in the efficiency of flat solar collectors in heat supply systems can be achieved in two ways: 1) due to a single heating of water in solar collectors at low flow rates and a high temperature gradient along the direction of fluid movement; 2) by improving the uniformity of the distribution of the coolant flow through the liſting pipes and reducing the temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of fluid movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the basics of vortex formation for practical use in vortex wind power plants (VWPP). The analysis of existing structures of VWPP with limited tower-type vortex systems, solar-wind vortex power plant (SWVPP) is carried out with the use of horizontal-axial and vertical-axial propeller wind turbines. A simpler and energetically efficient VWPP is proposed using an openwork cylindrical vortex tube (OCVT) permeable to atmospheric air, an air solar collector (ASC) and a combined H-Darrier-Savonius rotor (CRDS) with much greater efficiency. The proposed vortex plants of small and medium power can be used for autonomous power supply of facilities. Their use will be able to significantly save fuel and energy resources in autonomous power supply systems practically without harming the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movable straight-sided splined joints are widely used in designs of modern tractors, automobiles and agricultural ma-chines for transmission of the rotational moment, whereas their wear can reach significant values during operation. Electromechanical hardening of the working surfaces of the splines can be considered a rational way to increase wear resistance and durability of spline couplings and joints as a whole. The paper considers results of practical implementation of the method of electromechanical hardening of the working surfaces of the flange coupling splines of 150.41.275-1 PTO drive. As a result of the research, it was revealed that hardness of the working surfaces of the couplings splines increased significantly after electromechan-ical hardening. Based on the obtained results and taking into account the above technology of electromechanical hardening, a scheme was proposed with three production options of spline couplings. A comparative effectiveness analysis of the existing methods and the proposed method of production of PTO drive flange couplings was carried out. Couplings with a hardened working surface of the splines are installed on the machinery and are currently being tested in real operating conditions at the enterprises of Ulyanovsk region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state of society is characterized by the rapid development of various kinds of technologies. At the same time, such a rhythm of social progress affects a significant increase in the development of the manufacturing sector, which has both positive and negative consequences. In particular, this leads both to an increase in the development of environmental protection issues and environmentalists in individual states, and to an increase in the negative impact on the environment. This necessitated the development of both theoretical and applied measures to preserve and protect the environmental safety of society. Therefore, at the present stage of social development, the international community has developed and is implementing a significant number of organizational and technical measures in the field of environmental safety, which will require a systematic and objective study. Documented provision of environmental safety in view of the emergence of new diseases is very relevant and promising. The article discusses and analyzes in detail the current issues of ensuring environmental safety and environmental protection. Specific recommendations are presented to improve the efficiency of technogenic regulation of environmental safety issues in regional territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designers of modern DC-DC converters for automotive and industrial systems challenges the issue of electromagnetic compatibility. Improper conducted emission level estimation leads to changes in the layout and the schematic of the device, which entails additional costs or increase the module development time. The paper solves the problem of increasing the accuracy of a conducted EMI simulation results for DC-DC converters by using component models that take into account parasitic parameters. A proposed approach for DC-DC converters design automation is using RLCG-models of printed circuit board traces and a library of reference layout solutions. The paper proposes a modified DC-DC converter design flow in order to reduce product development time. The measured results of conducted EMI from the designed step-down buck DC-DC converter module are presented and it is shown that including in the simulation circuit of preliminary estimated parasitic parameters at the pre-layout design stage helps to obtain an EMI profile close to profile obtained as a circuit simulation with extracted PCB parasitic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers fluctuations in the resources of heat and moisture supply of the Republic of Turkmenistan based on the data of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Turkmenistan for the period of the beginning of the 21st century. Average annual temperatures and precipitation were analyzed for 34 meteorological stations. The results obtained made it possible to identify five agro-climatic zones of heat and moisture supply in the study area according to the conditions of the thermal regime and moisture regime. At the same time, the leading factors that determine the regimes of moisture and precipitation are global, as well as azonal factors (mountain systems and highlands of Iran, the proximity of the Caspian Sea and the deserts of Central Asia). The nature of moisture supply is determined by the value of the Selyaninov HTC. The analysis showed that the entire territory of Turkmenistan is currently located in a very arid climate zone with a coefficient of less than 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique urban forests of Almaty, being part of the Ile-Alatau National Park, have the highest not only ecological, but also recreational value, which often causes their degradation. There are many rare and endemic species in the forests. Relic forests of Schrenk spruce, unique mountain deciduous and fruit forests, including relict forests dominated by Sievers apple trees, apricots, carcasses, whose areas have significantly decreased over the past century, need special protection. To study the spatial distribution and dynamics of urban forests of different species composition for 2014-2020, remote sensing methods, geoinformation analysis, mapping, statistical methods implemented by GIS tools were used. Forest inventory materials, Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images were involved. Two maps have been constructed showing the distribution of heterogeneous forests in 2014 and 2020. For quantitative assessments, algorithms for statistical processing of the attributes of the obtained vector layers in the GIS environment were used. The calculations showed that the main areas in the south of the study area are occupied by spruce forests (54%), in the north - by apple forests (16%). The latter are located within transport accessibility from residential areas of the city and are under ever-increasing anthropogenic load. It is shown that, in general, the areas of urban forests, due to the conservation status, have decreased slightly. However, the most valuable spruce and apple forests are characterized by the greatest losses, and to a lesser extent, poplar-aspen forests. The greatest losses of spruce forests were noted in the basins of the Malaya Almatinka and Kumbel rivers, apple forests - in the Esentai river basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the North requires adaptation to the Arctic specifics of the territory. First of all, this concerns areas of active development and transportation of hydrocarbons. Using the Bolshezemelskaya tundra as an example, the article presents the results of assessing the possibility of using cryogels in the conditions of permafrost distribution. The use of cryogels, which are a modern composite eco-friendly material with adjustable properties, can help minimize the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, reduce technogenic risks and economic costs, and ensure environmental safety. It is shown that the frequency of occurrence of natural and technogenic situations, the solution of which is possible with the use of cryogels, depends on the morphological structure of landscapes in the permafrost zone. The most common natural-anthropogenic situations in which the use of cryogels is possible are identified. The permafrost-landscape prerequisites for the spread of such situations are determined. The index "Cryogels application potential" was calculated separately for each type of zonal landscapes, taking into account geomorphological levels. It was revealed that the potential for the use of cryogels is very high, and the areas of their possible use vary greatly depending on the zonal belonging of the development site, increasing to the north. An analysis of the variability of the potential for the use of cryogels showed that with a decrease in the absolute elevations of the landscape surface, the following trends are revealed: a) its increase for situations of stabilization and increase in the bearing capacity of soil foundations of objects, prevention of exogenous processes, optimization of the filtration properties of soils of natural and technical systems, formation of a heat-insulating screen, reclamation of disturbed areas in the northern taiga; b) its decrease with the development of solifluction processes and the reclamation of disturbed areas in the forest-tundra and tundra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]