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Fish waste has now emerged as one of the major issues encountered by the world, and improper management of its disposal might cause substantial environmental damage and nutrient loss. These wastes have a lot of potential if collected because they include a variety of biological and nutritional elements. Many bioactive and useful chemicals can be recovered from these wastes thanks to recent technical advancements. By-products from the processing of sea food contain many bioactive compounds, which has encouraged the development of ways for extracting these chemicals value. With the appropriate attitude and future advancement, fish waste processing for reuse and bioconversion has a bright future. In view of this, HAp (hydroxyapatite) can be extracted from fish wastes through a simple controlled heat treatment schedule and then used as potential candidate as dispersing phase within magnesium (Mg) matrix. HAp dispersed Mg composites containing 0,3,6, 9, 12 along with 15 wt% of HAp have been fabricated by powder metallurgical (P/M) approach. It is worthwhile to mention here that the P/M approach offers near-net-shape products, low power consumption, good control over density, simplicity of operation, as well as zero scrap over the casting technique which consume more energy as well as results in loss materials. A detailed investigation has been done into the morphological features, structural and mechanical characterization. XRD technique displays the evolution of bi-phasic phases viz.,HAp and β-TCP in the heat-treated fish wastes at around 1000 °C. The mechanical characteristics of the composites show increment in its values with the inclusion of HAp within Mg matrix. The present investigation displays a significant improvement in the microhardness (~ 525.4 MPa) of the Mg matrix on incorporation of 9 wt% of HAp content as compared to other content.

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Photophysics of non-conjugated vinyl polymer poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PNVC) has been explored in the presence of coumarin 153 (C153) exploiting steady state and time-resolved fluorometric techniques. Dual emission from the two distinct excimers of PNVC adds importance to the study and makes it interesting. The study substantiates the occurrence of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PNVC to C153. The differential involvement of the two excimers in the energy transfer process has been established. Considering the fact that FRET is a long distance dipole induced phenomenon, this differential effect has been rationalized from a difference in the dipole moments of the two excimers. Determination of the quenching constants reveals an order of magnitude more quenching of the high energy excimer than the low energy one in the presence of the quencher C153.