Search

The Iberoamerican Mathematics Olympiad (IbMO) is one of the most successful and established regional Olympiads in the world with the participation of all Iberoamerican countries. Its origins are a confluence of two mayor events: on the one hand the organization of the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in the Americas for the very first time in 1981 and on the other hand a Latin American effort for the modernization and improvement of mathematics education embodied by the CIAEM--Comité Interamericano de Educación Matemática (or, alternately, the Congreso Interamericano de Educación Matemática). This localized Olympiad with a more homogeneous population proved very quickly to be an important steppingstone for Iberoamerican countries to prepare their participation in the IMO resulting in a collaborative effort to improve mathematics education in the region. Other very successful smaller regional mathematics Olympiads in Iberoamerica sprouted from this effort as well as from Iberoamerican efforts to establish similar experiences for other cohorts of students, such as younger students, university students and students of other sciences. In that same decade, other regional olympiads were born around the world, such as the Pan African Mathematics Olympiad (1987), the Asian Pacific (1989) or the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad (1985). Their impact in the regions was appreciated, recognized and adapted to other regional Olympiads worldwide.

Prostate cancer screening based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been a matter of controversy. Although screening for prostate cancer was effective in reducing mortality, it resulted in overdiagnosis, which translated into unnecessary treatments and numerous adverse effects. As a result, recommendations from scientific societies became increasingly restrictive. In the recent years, new approaches to prostate cancer screening have been proposed. These new approaches are aimed at solving the controversy between widespread screening vs. no screening, and reconsidering PSA testing as a screening tool with a good benefit/risk balance. In this context, the European Association of Urology submitted a proposal to the European Commission for prostate cancer screening to be performed as a function of baseline PSA concentrations. The European Commission recently recommended the implementation of organized prostate cancer screening programs for men aged ≤70 years based on PSA values in combination with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging.

El cribado del cáncer de próstata mediante la medida del antígeno específico de la próstata (PSA) ha sido objeto de una intensa polémica. Los beneficios derivados en cuanto a reducción en mortalidad del cribado organizado del cáncer de próstata se han acompañado de un importante sobrediagnóstico, que se ha traducido en tratamientos innecesarios y numerosos efectos adversos. Por ello, las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas han sido cada vez más restrictivas. En los últimos años se han hecho diversas propuestas para reconsiderar el enfoque sobre el cribado del cáncer de próstata, con objeto de superar la oposición entre cribar a todo el mundo o no cribar a nadie y a reconsiderar el PSA como una herramienta que permita un balance favorable entre beneficios y riesgos. En este contexto, hay que destacar la propuesta que la European Association of Urology dirigía a la Comisión Europea replanteando el cribado del cáncer de próstata en función de la medida de un PSA basal. Recientemente, la Comisión Europea ha recomendado la implementación de programas organizados para el cribado del cáncer de próstata para hombres de hasta 70 años basado en medidas de PSA en combinación con la resonancia magnética como prueba de seguimiento.

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article centers on the 64th International Mathematics Olympiad held in Chiba, Japan, where 618 students from 112 teams competed. It discusses the challenges organizers faced with the unusual scheduling on a Saturday and the need to accommodate diverse cultures and customs among participants. It outlines the problems presented during the competition across two days, each problem proposed by different countries like Colombia, Portugal, Malaysia, and the Netherlands.

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had a high impact on patients with chronic diseases. In the literature, there are different perspectives on asthma as comorbidity or risk factor on COVID-19 severity. Patients and Methods: The aim of this retrospective study across 13 allergy departments in Spain was to determine the severity of COVID-19 in asthmatic adults followed in allergy departments and its relationship with atopy, clinical and demographic characteristics, phenotypes and laboratory data. In addition, lung function test and asthma control test (ACT) before and after COVID-19 were analyzed. Data was obtained from electronic medical records from March 2020 to April 2021. Results: Two hundred one asthmatic patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by validated detection test. About 30% of the patients were admitted for bilateral pneumonia. Advanced age, elevated D-dimer, lower numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils, heart diseases and hypertension were associated with severe COVID-19. Allergic and mixed allergic/eosinophilic phenotype and their biomarkers (total IgE, aeroallergens sensitizations, allergic rhinitis, and blood eosinophilia) were related to fewer hospital admissions. Poor control and lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were related to worse prognosis of COVID-19. Conclusion: Asthmatic patients with allergic and eosinophilic phenotype have a better evolution of COVID-19 and lower risk of admissions. Older patients, cardiovascular comorbidities, AERD and eosinopenia are related to severity COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability to identify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is the understanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this study is to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a control group without pathology, through the Reading the Mind in the Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV). Method A group of people with clinically stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was recruited (n = 62). They were compared with a control group (n = 63) in sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, intelligence quotient, and performance on RMV-SV scale. Results The case group presented lower scores on the RMV-SV, with statistically significant differences (p < .001) compared to controls. In 17/22 items of wrong answers, the statements contained negative emotions. The correlation was positive between RMV-SV and IQ. RMV-SV and PANSS, mainly the negative subscale, and age were inversely correlated. Conclusions The RMV-SV scale, validated in autism, allows detecting the alterations of prosodic recognition in Spanish in schizophrenia, postulating itself as an evaluating tool of this domain of social cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the transition to a professional learning environment, healthcare professionals in their first year of specialized postgraduate clinical training (known as residents in Spain) are suddenly required to handle confidential information with little or no prior training in the safe and appropriate use of digital media with respect to confidentiality issues. The aims of this study were: (1) to explore the usefulness of an advanced clinical simulation program for educating residents from different healthcare disciplines about confidentiality and the dissemination of clinical data or patient images; (2) to explore the use of social networks in healthcare settings; and (3) to explore participants' knowledge and attitudes on current regulations regarding confidentiality, image dissemination, and the use of social networks; Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from all 49 first-year residents of different health professions at a Spanish hospital between June and August 2022. High-fidelity clinical simulation sessions designed to address confidentiality and health information dissemination issues in hospital settings, including the use of social networks, were developed and implemented. Data were assessed using a 12-item ad hoc questionnaire on confidentiality and the use of social media in the healthcare setting. Descriptive of general data and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were performed using the SPSS 25.0 software; Results: All the participants reported using the messaging application WhatsApp regularly during their working day. A total of 20.4% of the participants stated that they had taken photos of clinical data (radiographs, analyses, etc.) without permission, with 40.8% claiming that they were unaware of the legal consequences of improper access to clinical records. After the course, the participants reported intending to modify their behavior when sharing patient data without their consent and with respect to how patients are informed; Conclusions: The use of advanced simulation in the training of interprofessional teams of residents is as an effective tool for initiating attitudinal change and increasing knowledge related to patient privacy and confidentiality. Further follow-up studies are needed to see how these attitudes are incorporated into clinical practice.

People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability to identify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is the understanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this study is to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a control group without pathology, through the Reading the Mind in the Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV).