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This study aims to collect data on how, and to what extent, psychopathy assessments are used in the Canadian court system. It will do so by conducting a review of Canadian court case summaries, mapping frequencies, field interrater reliability, general purposes for using psychopathy assessments, its exposure to adversarial challenges, and how psychopathy is described in court by expert witnesses.

This registration contains the full protocol for our review of ethnicity and the predictive validity of the PCL-R. As of the date of registration, the systematic review has not yet begun. Information about authorship, the rationale and design of our review, and planned analyses can be found in: Ethnicity and predictive validity of PCL-R pre-registration.pdf

This registration contains the full protocol of our review of the association between sample size and number of foci in fMRI research on broadly defined psychopathy. As of the date of registration the research has not begun. Information about the authorship, rationale, design, and planned analyses can be found in: Sample size and fMRI foci in psychopathy.pdf

This registration contains the full protocol of our review of fMRI research on PCL-R psychopathy. As of the date of registration the systematic review has not begun. Information about the authorship, rationale, design, and planned analyses can be found in: fMRI replication PCL-R pre-registration.pdf

Background Although multiple individual immune parameters have been demonstrated to predict the occurrence of secondary infection after critical illness, significant questions remain with regards to the selection, timing and clinical utility of such immune monitoring tests. Research question As a sub-study of the REALISM study, the REALIST score was developed as a pragmatic approach to help clinicians better identify and stratify patients at high risk for secondary infection, using a simple set of relatively available and technically robust biomarkers. Study design and methods This is a sub-study of a single-centre prospective cohort study of immune profiling in critically ill adults admitted after severe trauma, major surgery or sepsis/septic shock. For the REALIST score, five immune parameters were pre-emptively selected based on their clinical applicability and technical robustness. Predictive power of different parameters and combinations of parameters was assessed. The main outcome of interest was the occurrence of secondary infection within 30 days. Results After excluding statistically redundant and poorly predictive parameters, three parameters remained in the REALIST score: mHLA-DR, percentage of immature (CD10− CD16−) neutrophils and serum IL-10 level. In the cohort of interest (n = 189), incidence of secondary infection at day 30 increased from 8% for patients with REALIST score of 0 to 46% in patients with a score of 3 abnormal parameters, measured ad D5–7. When adjusted for a priori identified clinical risk factors for secondary infection (SOFA score and invasive mechanical ventilation at D5–7), a higher REALIST score was independently associated with increased risk of secondary infection (42 events (22.2%), adjusted HR 3.22 (1.09–9.50), p = 0.034) and mortality (10 events (5.3%), p = 0.001). Interpretation We derived and presented the REALIST score, a simple and pragmatic stratification strategy which provides clinicians with a clear assessment of the immune status of their patients. This new tool could help optimize care of these individuals and could contribute in designing future trials of immune stimulation strategies. Graphical Abstract