Search

Abstract The fast individuation and modeling of faults responsible for large earthquakes are fundamental for understanding the evolution of potentially destructive seismic sequences. This is even more challenging in case of buried thrusts located in offshore areas, like those hosting the 9 November 2022 Ml 5.7 (Mw 5.5) and ML 5.2 earthquakes that nucleated along the Apennines compressional front, offshore the northern Adriatic Sea. Available on- and offshore (from hydrocarbon platforms) geodetic observations and seismological data provide robust constraints on the rupture of a 15 km long, ca. 24° SSW-dipping fault patch, consistent with seismic reflection data. Stress increase along unruptured portion of the activated thrust front suggests the potential activation of longer portions of the thrust with higher magnitude earthquake and larger surface faulting. This unpleasant scenario needs to be further investigated, also considering their tsunamigenic potential and possible impact on onshore and offshore human communities and infrastructures.

Abstract Encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus A) is the causative agent of the homonymous disease, which may induce myocarditis, encephalitis and reproductive disorders in various mammals, especially in swine. Despite the disease occurred endemically in pig farms since 1997, the recent increase of death experimented in Northern Italy prompted to furtherly investigate the evolution of the virus and the actual spread of the infection. Italian EMC viruses, collected between 2013 and 2019, showed an overall antigenic stability. The in-house ELISA Monoclonal Antibodies based, able to reveal changes in seven different antigenic sites, showed only sporadic and occasional mutations in considered samples and the subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed antigenic panel’s remarks. All the isolates could be classified within a unique lineage, which comprise other European strains and confirm that the viruses currently circulating in Italy developed from a unique common ancestor. Despite the demonstrated stability of virus, some putative newly emerged variants were detected through antigenic profile analysis and phylogenesis. Finally, the serosurvey proved that spread of EMCV is greater than the diffusion of fatal infections would suggest, due to subclinical circulation of EMCV. It demonstrated an increase in the proportion of seropositive farms, if compared with previous data with no remarkable differences between farms with and without clinical evidence of disease.

The fast individuation and modeling of faults responsible for large earthquakes are fundamental for understanding the evolution of potentially destructive seismic sequences. This is even more challenging in case of buried thrusts located in offshore areas, like those hosting the 9 November 2022 Ml 5.7 (M w 5.5) and M L 5.2 earthquakes that nucleated along the Apennines compressional front, offshore the northern Adriatic Sea. Available on- and offshore (from hydrocarbon platforms) geodetic observations and seismological data provide robust constraints on the rupture of a 15 km long, ca. 24° SSW-dipping fault patch, consistent with seismic reflection data. Stress increase along unruptured portion of the activated thrust front suggests the potential activation of longer portions of the thrust with higher magnitude earthquake and larger surface faulting. This unpleasant scenario needs to be further investigated, also considering their tsunamigenic potential and possible impact on onshore and offshore human communities and infrastructures., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The geodetic dataset used in the research article entitled " Multi-technique geodetic detection of onshore and offshore subsidence along the Upper Adriatic Sea coasts" [1] is presented here. It consists of the outcomes of three different techniques, i.e. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and topographic Levelling surveys. This dataset has been used for the estimation of onshore and offshore deformation in a mineral concession area located along the Upper Adriatic Sea coastal area (Italy), South-East of Ravenna city. InSAR data covers the period from 2002 to 2018, GNSS data from 1998 to 2018 and levelling data from 2002 to 2017.The different measurements have been cross-validated and referred to a common local reference system fixed in the urban area of Ravenna. This data collection will be very useful for deepening the analysis of any type of deformation in the Ravenna coastal area., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.)