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The association between embryo morphokinetics and its developmental competence is well documented. For instance, early cleaved embryos are more competent in developing to blastocysts, whereas the proportion of abnormally cleaved embryos that further developed to blastocysts is low. Numerous factors, such as the parental age, lifestyle, health, and smoking habits have been reported to affect the embryo morphokinetics and, consequently, its development. However, less is known about the effect of environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. The current review discusses the effect of the most concerning environmental stressors on embryo morphokinetics. These stresses include heat stress and human-made chemicals such as phthalates (e.g., bis-(2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and their primary metabolites), herbicides (e.g., diaminochlorotriazine, the primary metabolite of atrazine), pharmaceutical compounds (e.g., carbamazepine, nocodazole) and pro-oxidant agents (cumene hydroperoxide, Triton X-100), as well as naturally occurring toxins such as mycotoxin (e.g., aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite, and ochratoxin A). In addition, this review discusses the effect of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation and viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, papillomavirus). Finally, it points out some potential mechanisms that underlie the impairment of embryo morphokinetics, and it suggests protective compounds, mainly the supplementation of antioxidants to improve the morphokinetics, and consequently, the embryo developmental competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, several novel functions of the mammalian Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) have been discovered, going far beyond its canonical function as DNA repair enzyme and unveiling its potential roles in cancer development. Indeed, it was shown to be involved in DNA G-quadruplex biology and RNA metabolism, most importantly in the miRNA maturation pathway and the decay of oxidized or abasic miRNAs during oxidative stress conditions. In recent years, several noncanonical pathways of miRNA biogenesis have emerged, with a specific focus on guanosine-rich precursors that can form RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures. Here, we show that several miRNA precursors, dysregulated upon APE1 depletion, contain an rG4 motif and that their corresponding target genes are up-regulated after APE1 depletion. We also demonstrate, both by in vitro assays and by using different cancer cell lines, that APE1 can modulate the folding of an rG4 structure contained in pre-miR- 92b, with a mechanism strictly dependent on lysine residues present in its N-terminal disordered region. Furthermore, APE1 cellular depletion alters the maturation process of miR-92b, mainly affecting the shuttling between the nucleus and cytosol. Bioinformatic analysis of APE1-regulated rG4-containing miRNAs supports the relevance of our findings in cancer biology. Specifically, these miRNAs exhibit high prognostic significance in lung, cervical, and liver tumors, as suggested by their involvement in several cancer-related pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary pleural angiosarcoma (PPA) is a rare and challenging tumour to diagnose, often mistaken for other malignancies such as mesothelioma and lung cancer due to overlapping clinical and imaging features. We report a 52‐year‐old woman who presented with progressive shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. Imaging studies and thoracentesis revealed a large haemorrhagic left pleural effusion. Medical thoracoscopy (MT) showed a thickened and lobulated parietal pleura with multiple nodular lesions. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of angiosarcoma, characterized by pleomorphic tumour cells, a high Ki67 proliferation index and positive immunohistochemical markers, including CD31, D2‐40, Vimentin, and Factor VIII. Tragically, the patient developed a hospital‐acquired infection and passed away before any definitive treatment for the angiosarcoma could be initiated. This case underscores the diagnostic complexities of PPA and highlights the utility of MT in identifying this rare malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High incidences of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes have been reported on smear cheeses, and despite increased hygiene efforts, this incidence has remained stable in recent years. Applying antilisterial strains may increase the safety of smear cheeses. To find and test antilisterial strains, we inoculated fresh soft cheeses from nine dairies with the surrogate species Listeria innocua and assessed its growth under standardized ripening conditions. Acetic acid at day 23 (r = −0.66), lactose in fresh cheese (r = −0.63), and glucose at day 10 (r = −0.62), as well as seven amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), were negatively correlated with L. innocua growth. Two of these ASVs were assigned to the genus Leuconostoc of Lactobacillaceae (r = −0.82 and −0.71). Isolates from this family, from Aerococcaceae, and Carnobacteriaceae were characterized according to their inhibitory properties, and those showing antilisterial properties were applied as protective cultures in challenge tests. The combined application of strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Aerococcaceae, and Carnobacteriaceae successfully eliminated low levels of L. innocua in the final products. This is likely explained by antimicrobial compounds, including mesentericin Y105 and acetate, and competition for carbon sources and iron. This study shows a promising way to improve the safety of soft smear cheeses by applying defined protective cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein abundant in breast milk that modulates the functions of neural stem cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bovine LF (bLF) in mitigating behavioral changes; however, the molecular mechanisms on the nervous system have not yet been elucidated. The presented study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of bLF on nerve extension in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with 0.01–1000 µg/mL of bLF, and cell viability was determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay after treatment for 24 h. Morphometric evaluation was performed after 24 or 72 h of treatment with 50 ng/mL nerve growth factor (NGF) or 100–500 µg/mL bLF. The molecular mechanisms were investigated using Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Cell viability was significantly decreased after treatment with 600–1000 µg/mL bLF for 24 h compared with the control group. Morphometric evaluation revealed neurite outgrowth after 72 h of NGF treatment, with a significant increase in neurite outgrowth after treatment with 250 µg/mL bLF. The phosphorylated p44/42 expression ratio peaked at 5 min and persisted for up to 10 min. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant decrease in MAP2 expression. Our findings suggested that bLF enhanced PC12 cell neurite outgrowth to a similar extent as NGF. These effects are thought to be mediated via the TrkA receptor and activated by the phosphorylated ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, this study demonstrates that bLF promotes neurite outgrowth via a pathway similar to that of NGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1950s, the major American labor unions have pursued a strategy of cooperation rather than competition. Under Article XX of the AFL-CIO Constitution and similar “no-raid” agreements, unions may not encroach on one another’s established collective bargaining relationships. Some labor scholars have argued that these agreements likely harm unionized workers by diminishing union officials’ incentives to lower dues payments, innovate, or otherwise provide the best possible services for their members. To varying degrees, scholars have also blamed the longterm decline in private-sector union membership on a lack of competitive pressure. This Note analyzes Article XX and similar agreements from an antitrust perspective, analogizing them to anticompetitive market-division agreements. Unlike prior antitrust analyses of labor unions—which focus on the welfare of end consumers—I view workers as consumers of labor unions’ services and consider only their welfare as relevant. Counterarguments based on union democracy and labor history have some merit, but the current status quo of zero antitrust enforcement seems difficult to justify when, in most industries, an agreement like Article XX could be considered illegal per se. The federal antitrust agencies and classes of unionized workers might be able to challenge these agreements under the Sherman Act. Although labor’s statutory exemption from the antitrust laws is sometimes said to generally protect “selfinterest[ed]” union activities, a preliminary reading of the text and legislative history shows that the exemption might not protect activities that demonstrably harm workers. Although courts have not directly confronted the issue, at least some of the case law is compatible with this interpretation. In such cases, courts should balance any evidence of anticompetitive harm against evidence of benefits to workers, including benefits that are not normally cognizable in antitrust such as increased union density. This Note is not intended to downplay the uphill battle that unions currently face nor to argue that interunion rivalry is always desirable. Nonetheless, I am confident that targeted and careful application of the antitrust laws in specific markets could help increase the dynamism of organized labor and make unionization look like a better bet for unorganized workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Auditing (2314-4793) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biopolymers are highly desirable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics owing to their biodegradable nature. The production of bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), has been widely reported using various bacterial cultures with substrates ranging from pure to biowaste-derived sugars. However, large-scale production and economic feasibility are major limiting factors. Now, using algal biomass for PHA production offers a potential solution to these challenges with a significant environmental benefit. Algae, with their unique ability to utilize carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas (GHG) and wastewater as feed for growth, can produce value-added products in the process and, thereby, play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. The sugar recovery efficiency from algal biomass is highly variable depending on pretreatment procedures due to inherent compositional variability among their cell walls. Additionally, the yields, composition, and properties of synthesized PHA vary significantly among various microbial PHA producers from algal-derived sugars. Therefore, the microalgal biomass pretreatments and synthesis of PHA copolymers still require considerable investigation to develop an efficient commercial-scale process. This review provides an overview of the microbial potential for PHA production from algal biomass and discusses strategies to enhance PHA production and its properties, focusing on managing GHGs and promoting a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress in deciphering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has been widely accepted that the accumulation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain could cause the neurodegeneration in AD. Although much evidence demonstrates the neurotoxicity of Aβ, the role of Aβ in the nervous system are complex. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to understand the physiological effect of Aβ40 monomers in depth. To explore the physiological mechanism of Aβ, we employed mass spectrometry to investigate the altered proteomic events induced by a lower submicromolar concentration of Aβ. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to five different concentrations of Aβ1-40 monomers and collected at four time points. The proteomic analysis revealed the time–course behavior of proteins involved in biological processes, such as RNA splicing, nuclear transport and protein localization. Further biological studies indicated that Aβ40 monomers may activate PI3K/AKT signaling to regulate p-Tau, Ezrin and MAP2. These three proteins are associated with dendritic morphogenesis, neuronal polarity, synaptogenesis, axon establishment and axon elongation. Moreover, Aβ40 monomers may regulate their physiological forms by inhibiting the expression of BACE1 and APP via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. A comprehensive exploration of pathological and physiological mechanisms of Aβ is beneficial for exploring novel treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts represent a valuable industry alternative due to their biotechnological potential to produce aromatic compounds. 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate are significant aromatic compounds widely used in food and cosmetics due to their pleasant odor. Natural obtention of these compounds increases their value, and because of this, bioprocesses such as de novo synthesis has become of great significance. However, the relationship between aromatic compound production and yeast's genetic diversity has yet to be studied. In the present study, the analysis of the genetic diversity in K. marxianus isolated from the natural fermentation of Agave duranguensis for Mezcal elaboration is presented. The results of strains in a haploid and diploid state added to the direct relationship between the mating type locus MAT with metabolic characteristics are studied. Growth rate, assimilate carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, and chicory inulin), and the production of aromatic compounds such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl butyrate and phenylethyl propionate and the diversity in terms of the output of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by de novo synthesis were determinate, obtaining maximum concentrations of 51.30 and 60.39 mg/L by ITD0049 and ITD 0136 yeasts respectively., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Glioma cells overexpress different peptide receptors that are useful for research, diagnosis, management, and treatment of the disease. Oncogenic peptides favor the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, as well as angiogenesis, whereas anticancer peptides exert antiproliferative, antimigration, and anti-angiogenic effects against gliomas. Other peptides exert a dual effect on gliomas, that is, both proliferative and antiproliferative actions. Peptidergic systems are therapeutic targets, as peptide receptor antagonists/peptides or peptide receptor agonists can be administered to treat gliomas. Other anticancer strategies exerting beneficial effects against gliomas are discussed herein, and future research lines to be developed for gliomas are also suggested. Despite the large amount of data supporting the involvement of peptides in glioma progression, no anticancer drugs targeting peptidergic systems are currently available in clinical practice to treat gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggs not only contain all the molecules necessary to nurture new life but are also rich in nutrients such as high‐quality protein. For example, epidemiologic studies have shown that egg intake is positively correlated with cognitive function. Thus, we specifically examined the effect of ovalbumin, a major protein present in egg whites, on cognitive function. First, we found that an orally administered enzymatic digest of ovalbumin improves cognitive function in mice fed a high‐fat diet. Then, we narrowed down candidate peptides based on the prediction of peptide production according to enzyme‐substrate specificity and comprehensive peptide analysis of the digest. We found that three peptides, namely ILPEY, LYRGGLEP, and ILELP, improve cognitive function after oral administration. We also showed that ILPEY, LYRGGLEP, and ILELP were present in the digest and named them ovomemolins A (OMA), B, and C, respectively. Notably, ovomemolins are the first peptides derived from egg whites that have been shown to improve cognitive function. The cognitive improvement induced by OMA, the most abundant of the peptides in the digest, was inhibited by methyllycaconitine, an antagonist of α7nAChR, which is known to be related to memory. These results suggest that OMA improves cognitive function through the acetylcholine system. After OMA administration, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression and the number of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐positive cells suggested that OMA increases hippocampal BDNF expression and neurogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conformational changes of catalytically-important structural elements are a key feature of the regulation mechanisms of protein kinases and are important for dictating inhibitor binding modes and affinities. The lack of widely applicable methods for tracking kinase conformational changes in solution has hindered our understanding of kinase regulation and our ability to design conformationally selective inhibitors. Here we provide an overview of two recently developed methods that detect conformational changes of the regulatory activation loop and αC-helix of kinases and that yield complementary information about allosteric mechanisms. An intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer-based approach provides a scalable platform for detecting and classifying structural changes in high-throughput, as well as quantifying ligand binding cooperativity, shedding light on the energetics governing allostery. The pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance technique double electron-electron resonance provides lower throughput but higher resolution information on structural changes that allows for unambiguous assignment of conformational states and quantification of population shifts. Together, these methods are shedding new light on kinase regulation and drug interactions and providing new routes for the identification of novel kinase inhibitors and allosteric modulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a set of progressive, chronic, and incurable diseases characterized by the gradual loss of neurons, culminating in the decline of cognitive and/or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs and represent an enormous burden both in terms of human suffering and economic cost. The available therapies for AD and PD only provide symptomatic and palliative relief for a limited period and are unable to modify the diseases' progression. Over the last decades, research efforts have been focused on developing new pharmacological treatments for these NDs. However, to date, no breakthrough treatment has been discovered. Hence, the development of disease-modifying drugs able to halt or reverse the progression of NDs remains an unmet clinical need. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD and PD and the drugs available for pharmacological treatment. It also sheds light on potential directions that can be pursued to develop new, disease-modifying drugs to treat AD and PD, describing as representative examples some advances in the development of drug candidates targeting oxidative stress and adenosine A2A receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the publication is to define the specific characteristics of the functioning and role of the theater orchestra in the formation of symphonic performance in Kharkiv. The methodology. In the process of understanding the phenomenon of the Kharkiv Theater orchestra, a historical approach was applied, which allowed for the chronological reconstruction of the musical ensemble’s functioning. Additionally, a comparative analysis method was used to identify the unique features of the orchestra’s instrumental composition, repertoire development, and performance practices. The results. The specific functioning of theatrical instrumental ensembles in Kharkiv, which provided musical accompaniment for performances from the 1770s to the early 1870s, was examined. The study identifies factors that led to the establishment of a permanent “Orchestra of the Kharkiv Theater and Commercial Club”, which, besides performing in the theater, also served city artistic events from the mid 1840s to the 1870s. Key factors include the return of the Kharkiv Theater to private management in 1867, the activities of K. Vilboa from 1869 to 1873 aimed at creating a concert instrumental ensemble in the city, and the emergence of a new orchestra under the direction of G. Grazia in the Kharkiv Drama Theater in 1872. These developments facilitated the organization of symphonic concerts under the aegis of the Kharkiv branch of the Russian Musical Society from 1871. The scientific novelty lies in the determination that the primary source of symphonic performance in Kharkiv was the permanent orchestra of the Kharkiv Theater, active since the mid XIX century, whose instrumental and numerical composition met the demands of the provincial musical practices of that time. The conducting activities of K. Vilboa in Kharkiv during the late 1860s and the early 1870s were a driving force behind the formation of two orchestral ensembles in the city — the theater and club orchestras — whose instrumental and qualitative compositions aligned with the principles of symphonic performance. From 1871, in preparation for symphonic concerts by the Kharkiv branch of the Russian Musical Society, the theater and club orchestras were combined, each consisting of 20–30 musicians, ensuring that the symphonic orchestra met the required academic standards in terms of instrumental and numerical composition. Future research prospects are associated with identifying the specifics of symphonic performance in the cultural centers of Ukraine from the second half of the XIX century to the early XX century.

Choline is an essential micronutrient critical for cellular and organismal homeostasis. As a core component of phospholipids and sphingolipids, it is indispensable for membrane architecture and function. Additionally, choline is a precursor for acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter, and betaine, a methyl donor important for epigenetic regulation. Consistent with its pleiotropic role in cellular physiology, choline metabolism contributes to numerous developmental and physiological processes in the brain, liver, kidney, lung and immune system, and both choline deficiency and excess are implicated in human disease. Mutations in the genes encoding choline metabolism proteins lead to inborn errors of metabolism, which manifest in diverse clinical pathologies. While the identities of many enzymes involved in choline metabolism were identified decades ago, only recently has the field begun to understand the diverse mechanisms by which choline availability is regulated and fuelled via metabolite transport/recycling and nutrient acquisition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of choline metabolism, emphasizing emerging concepts and their implications for human health and disease., Competing Interests: Competing interests: M.A.-R. is a scientific advisory board member of Lycia Therapeutics. K.B. is a scientific advisor to Nanocare Pharmaceuticals and Atavistik Bio. T.C.K. and S.S. declare no interests., (© 2025. Springer Nature Limited.)

Simple Summary: The global use of anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in wireless technologies is increasing exponentially and presents a potential risk to animals, especially domestic animals and pets. Additionally, the semen of boar is, in the process of collection, manipulation and storage for the artificial insemination (AI) of sows, surrounded by and exposed to these different sources of wireless technologies devices. A frequency of 2.5 GHz (this frequency band is used in 5G technology) is of particular interest because many studies have used the frequency bands of 4G technology. For the efficiency of pig production and breeding, it is extremely important to determine the effects of such radiation on semen quality and sow fertilization success. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of RF-EMR at 2500 MHz on in vitro exposed breeding boar semen spermatozoa motility and the proportions of spermatozoa subpopulations according to morphometric parameters. The progressive spermatozoa motility and the proportion of the spermatozoa subpopulation with a higher fertilizing potential were significantly reduced in the experimental group. These results indicate the importance of further research on the effects of RF-EMR on different animal species, especially in those undergoing AI procedures, which are important both in terms of the quality of semen and fertilization and production and breeding goals. Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from wireless technologies has increased dramatically. The boar semen used for artificial insemination is essential in sustaining the pig industry, and additionally it is also exposed to the effects of the RF-EMR of wireless technologies. Furthermore, there are no data on the effects of RF-EMR on semen quality, and this is the first analysis of sperm's morphometric parameters for assessing the effect of RF-EMR on the spermatozoa subpopulations of boars. This study investigated the effect of RF-EMR on in vitro exposed breeding boar semen spermatozoa motility and the proportions of spermatozoa subpopulations according to their morphometric head and tail parameters. The semen samples of 12 boars were divided into control and experimental groups. The samples in the experimental group were exposed in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic chamber at a frequency of 2500 MHz (the frequency band used in 5G technology) and an electric field strength of 10 Vm−1 for two hours. After exposure, the spermatozoa motility was evaluated for both groups. A morphometric analysis of the semen smears was performed using SFORM software (Version 1.0; VAMS, Zagreb, Croatia). The progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly reduced in the experimental group (74.7% vs. 85.7%). PC analysis and cluster analysis revealed two spermatozoa subpopulations: S1, spermatozoa with a more regular head shape and a smaller midpiece outline, and S2, spermatozoa with a more elongated head shape and a larger midpiece outline. The experimental semen samples had a greater proportion of the S1 spermatozoa subpopulation (68.2% vs. 64.4%). The effect of RF-EMR at 2500 MHz on the in vitro exposed boar semen resulted in decreased progressive spermatozoa motility and a lower proportion of the spermatozoa subpopulation with a higher fertilizing potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the distribution and risks associated with the soil lead content in the Tieguanyin tea plantations of Anxi County is critical, given the county's significance as the primary Tieguanyin tea production area in Fujian Province. This study examined the distribution characteristics of soil lead in Anxi County's tea plantations according to the Kriging spatial interpolation of the parameters of the semivariance function of the exponential model. Moreover, the sources of lead content were analyzed, considering geological backgrounds and anthropogenic influences. Ecological risks and the issuance of early warnings were also assessed. The soil lead content in the rocks of the Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi County followed the order: andesite > dacite > rhyolite > granite. The soil lead content gradually decreased from the center toward the east and west, forming four distinct north–south parallel zones. High-lead-content areas were identified at the border of Jiandou, Bailai, and Hushang; in the central part of Lutian; and in the southern part of Huqiu. The high levels of soil lead in the tea plantations possibly originated from industrial and mining activities, automobile exhaust, and agricultural activities. The distribution of single-factor pollution indices and potential risk evaluation based on the Soil Environmental Quality Standard, Environmental Technical Conditions for Tea Production Area, and Environmental Technical Conditions for Organic Tea Production Area indicated that the soil in Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi County was clean and safe for tea cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old home living has become prevalent in Pakistan, but it differs significantly from living at home. This narrative inquiry uses in-depth interviews to explore the psychological impact on women residing in old age homes. Using an interpretivist paradigm, five women aged 60-75 from two Lahore old age homes were interviewed. The recurrent themes were "Health-related concerns," "Adverse life events," "Challenges," and "Coping mechanisms." The women, facing financial insecurity and emotional instability, had chosen to live in these homes. Many experienced troubled marriages, neglect from children, and family rejection, leading to depression, anxiety, and medical issues like high blood pressure and diabetes. Their coping mechanisms varied, with some leading to negative outcomes like denial and self-blaming. Isolation and abandonment resulted in hopelessness, bitterness, and negativity. This research highlights the need for mental health awareness and support for female residents in Pakistani old age homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Revolution led to great changes in the world. New technologies were being developed and introduced at a rapid pace, forever changing the way people lived and worked. One of the areas that underwent significant changes due to the Industrial Revolution is agriculture, which is one of the oldest and most traditional form of use of nature and land by humans. Making changes to the agriculture became possible only under the influence of industrial revolutions. Still, even in the early stages, they were not able to radically and visibly transform this important branch of the economy. One of the most visible effects of industrialization on agriculture is the introduction of new technologies. The interdependence between traditional agriculture and modern industrial sectors of the economy is crucial for the overall economic development of the country. The growth of the agricultural sector depends on the growth of industrial demand for agricultural products. Similarly, the growth of the industrial sector depends on an increase in the purchasing power of the agricultural sector for industrial products and an increase in the supply of raw materials for processing. Many developing countries have realized the importance and role of the agricultural sector's industrialization in the country's economic development which ensures food security, optimizes foreign trade balance and raises the welfare of population. The industrial revolutions transformed the agricultural sector from traditional agriculture to mechanized agricultural production and modern precision farming. The fourth industrial revolution stimulated the development of new technologies and methods that changed the global production system. Industry 4.0 has transformed agricultural operations using cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and machine learning, big data analytics, and the integration of cloud technology into agricultural machinery. Agriculture 4.0 is a digital model of agricultural production, which is based on a highly efficient production process and is the result of long-term technological development. The paper aims to analyze and describe the innovations of Agriculture 4.0, its origin, and characteristics. The paper discusses the current state of the industrial agriculture (industrial agricultural production model, production process, supply chain) sector's strengths and weaknesses. The paper presents the opportunities and challenges of digital agriculture, emphasizing its importance in solving several pressing issues in industrial agriculture. Innovation and technology are essential to maintaining competitiveness in the agricultural sector. Digitization of the agro-food sector creates a highly productive, predictable, and adaptable system to changes. Which, in turn, leads to an increase in food security. Industrial agriculture significantly increases productivity, but at the same time, monoculture and intensive animal husbandry, which is the main production model of modern industrial agriculture, cause great damage to the environment, public health, and animal welfare. In addition, although agricultural production is mechanized and computerized, the lack of digitization and intelligent systems is a major obstacle that hinders the possibility of improving automation. The agri-food supply chain is not managed wisely at the current stage. To solve the mentioned issues, it is necessary to integrate the innovative technologies of the emerging industry 4.0 in agriculture. At the same time, agricultural technologies are also evolving towards a new paradigm -- "Agriculture 5.0 ", which should better combine science and technology with social equity and sustainability. The development of bio-economy in the concept of Society 5.0 implies that the most promising areas of agricultural development are the optimal use of resources, mass personalization and individualization of the final product, the development of creative product differentiation, and the introduction of autonomous automatic decision-making systems based on robotic complexes. The absence of communication barriers in human-machine interaction, including the use of bioinformatics technologies, will allow us to focus on increasing heuristics for innovative solutions in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uric acid, an oxidation end‐product of purine metabolism, is reportedly to be a risk factor for kidney injury. However, its underlying mechanism is still a mystery. This study aimed to reveal the detailed roles of uric acid in inducing kidney injury and the possible mechanisms. Injection of rats with uric acid significantly increased tubular injury score, and levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urine kidney injury molecule‐1. Uric acid increased the expression of collagen I, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis result showed the IL‐17 signaling pathway as the most significantly enriched pathway involved in hyperuricemia‐related kidney injury. Long‐term injection of uric acid induced significant production of IL‐17 and recruitment of Th17 cells. Treating rats with the anti‐IL‐17 mAb attenuated uric acid‐induced kidney injury, accompanied by the inactivation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). In conclusion, uric acid was confirmed to be a risk factor for kidney injury via inducing IL‐17 expression. Neutralization of IL‐17 using the specific mAb relieved uric acid‐induced kidney injury via inhibition of NF‐κB signaling. Highlights: Uric acid induces kidney interstitial fibrosis and inflammation in rats.Uric acid induces IL‐17 expression.Anti‐IL‐17 mAb effectively inhibits uric acid‐induced kidney injury in rats.Anti‐IL‐17 mAb inhibited NF‐κB signaling in uric acid‐treated rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers' perception of the region of origin represents a critical issue for building a valuable and sustainable business in the wine sector. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the region of origin in Italian sparkling wines, comparing consumers' perception of emerging wines with a designation of origin in regions not traditionally associated with sparkling wine production (Abruzzo and Romagna), with an affirmed brand (Prosecco) and with generic Italian sparkling wine. The three most important markets for Italian sparkling wines (Italy, the USA, and the UK) are considered. The importance of the region of origin is analyzed within a set of wine attributes, including color and sugar content, applying the conjoint analysis technique to simulate realistic market conditions, offering multiple options for wine attributes. There is no cumulative effect of the perception of wines with a Protected Designation of Origin in the three markets since consumers who positively perceive a specific designation do not extend this positive perception to others in comparison with generic sparkling wine. Positive and negative utilities associated with each designation of origin are calculated and used to discriminate consumers according to socio-demographic variables, consumers' behavior, and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form is a malnutrition screening scale that evaluates the patient from different perspectives and is thought to be used in frailty screening. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form for frailty screening by using 2 frailty scales. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that included patients admitted to the geriatric medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was performed on all patients. The FRAIL Scale and Clinical Frailty Scale were used as reference frailty scales. Results: While 62.2% (n = 61) of the 98 participants were female, the median age was 72 (interquartile range: 10.0). The FRAIL Scale (Spearman rho: -0.64, P < .001) and Clinical Frailty Scale (Spearman rho: -0.55, P < .001) were both correlated inversely and moderately with Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. For both frailty scales, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form cut-off for frailty identification was 11 (for FRAIL Scale, sensitivity: 68.00%, specificity: 87.67%, area under the curve: 0.83, P < .001; for Clinical Frailty Scale, sensitivity: 76.47%, specificity: 83.95%, area under the curve: 0.84, P < .001), and the cut-off was 13 for robust and pre-frail/frail identification (for FRAIL Scale, sensitivity: 71.70%, specificity: 73.33%, area under the curve: 0.80, P < .001; for Clinical Frailty Scale, sensitivity: 71.74%, specificity: 67.31%, area under the curve: 0.74, P < .001). Conclusion: For quick evaluation of frailty and nutritional status concurrently, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form may be an appropriate option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus showed acute and prolonged effects on human health. In addition, over the past four years, there has been a tremendous surge in COVID-19-related scientific publications, as shown by bibliometric and scientometric studies. However, such analysis of the scientific literature is lacking in the area of male reproduction. The current scientometric study analyzes publication characteristics of articles related to male reproduction and COVID-19 infection. We used the Scopus database to analyze scientometric data (the number of publications, journals, countries, type of documents, and subject area) related to COVID-19 and male reproductive research. Our literature search identified 345 articles related to COVID-19 and male reproductive research. Most of the articles were published in the USA (n = 72), Italy (n = 55), and China (n = 51). Such research was mainly focused around medicine (57.1%), followed by biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology (25.7%). Also, in the area of male reproduction, only 37.1% (n = 128) of the articles contributed towards original research, whereas 52.8% (n = 182) were review articles and editorials focusing more on sexual dysfunction than infertility. Such a small number of studies published on COVID-19-related effects on male reproduction warrants a significant increase in research, which is required to decipher the mechanism(s) underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated impairment of male reproductive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D has multiple extra-skeletal functions. Among them are some important roles in reproductive system and many aspects are still under evaluation. It is not surprising because vitamin D seems to be involved in almost every physiological process that takes place in the reproductive system. Active form of vitamin D –calcitriol – 1,25OH2D3 plays a significant role in anti-proliferative and immu)nosuppressive processes in the body. Evaluation of endometriosis in some studies showed changed vitamin D metabolism in tissue and ad)vanced parallel activation and degradation of calcitriol in cells of endometriosis. Aim: We aimed to observe literature to review current knowledge about the connection of endometriosis and vitamin D – calcidiol and calcitriol. Our main interest is to summarize latest studies, based on them make some conclusions and suggest directions for future studies. Key interest is to find out how affects vitamin D endometriosis and vice versa in both clinical and experimental studies. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases such: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer were searched. 75 articles were reviewed. 29 articles that had statistically significant results were included in our review. Results: Clinical studies from the last few years are more about the associative connection of low 25OHD3 and endometriosis. Researchers are concentrated more on calcidiol-25OHD3 and do not pay much attention to calcitriol-1,25OHD3. Mainly they see low calcidiol as a risk factor for endometriosis and few think that low 25OHD3 may be the consequence of active conversion of 25OHD3 to 1,25OHD3. Asso)ciation between low calcidiol -25OHD3 and endometriosis is studied the most. Most of the studies have found that patients with endome)triosis have lower levels of 25OHD3. Only two studies measured both calcitriol and calcidiol in blood of women with endometriosis and result are controversial. Evidence is low and insufficient to discuss about the reasons and consequences of changed metabolism. Conclusions: According to reviewed research we do not have enough data to insist that vitamin D metabolism is different in endometriosis. But it seems to be so. It is important to understand which is risk factor for another- low 25OHD3 raises risk of endometriosis or vice versa? If high activation of 25OHD3 to 1,25OHD3 and following high degradation of 1,25OHD3 occurs during endometriosis in endometrial tissue, what is the consequence of it in blood and are these consequences important enough to notice? May it affect calcium homeostasis? It should be mentioned that experimental treatment of endometriosis with calcitriol analogs shows promising effects. If management of endometriosis with help of calcitriol analogs will be available in the future, it will be important to have some basic knowledge about primary calcitriol and calcidiol levels in blood during endometriosis. Outcome of this different vitamin D metabolism in endometrial tissue may be high, low or normal calcit)riol levels in blood. But substrate for conversion – 25OHD3 calcidiol should be theoretically low, because of high demand. Persistent hypercal)citriolemia may lead to hypercalcemia and cause harm to multiple organ systems. Thus, normalization of vitamin D metabolites should receive proper attention and be corrected as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is devoted to polypyrrole and its morphology, which governs the electroactivity of the material. The macroscopic properties of the material are strictly relevant to microscopic ordering observed at the local level. During the synthesis, various (nano)morphologies can be produced. The formation of the ordered structure is dictated by the ability of the local forces and effects to induce restraints that help shape the structure. This review covers the aspects of morphology and roughness and their impact on the final properties of the modified electrode activity in selected applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombosis is the leading cause of illness and mortality worldwide, posing a serious risk to human health and life. Because antithrombotic drugs can prevent the beginning and progression of thrombotic disorders, they are essential in the management of thrombotic diseases. The substantial side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy of present antithrombotic drugs stimulate the search for novel, effective, and safer antithrombotic therapies. Natural and synthetic coumarins have been shown to have antithrombotic action, specifically anticoagulation, and antiplatelet aggregation. In particular, coumarin-based medications like warfarin, phenprocoumon, and cloricromen have long been used to treat thrombosis in clinical settings. The favored structure for creating novel antithrombotic medications with diverse modes of action is coumarin, which has low toxicity. The goal of the current review is to consolidate recent findings on the development of coumarins as antithrombotic agents, with a focus on the connection between these compounds' chemical compositions and therapeutic potency. It aims to offer promising suggestions for the identification of new coumarin compounds with potent antithrombotic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of central nervous system tumor as categorized by the World Health Organization. Glioblastoma (GBA), in general, exhibits a grim prognosis and short life expectancy, rarely exceeding 14 months. The dismal prognosis is primarily attributed to the development of chemoresistance to temozolomide, the primary therapeutic agent for GBA treatment. Hence, it becomes imperative to develop novel drugs with antitumor efficacy rooted in distinct mechanisms compared to temozolomide. The vast marine environment contains a wealth of naturally occurring compounds from the sea (known as marine-derived natural products), which hold promise for future research in the quest for new anticancer drugs. Ongoing advancements in anticancer pharmaceuticals have led to an upswing in the isolation and validation of numerous pioneering breakthroughs and improvements in anticancer therapeutics. Nonetheless, the availability of FDA-approved marine-derived anticancer drugs remains limited, owing to various challenges and constraints. Among these challenges, drug delivery is a prominent hurdle. This review delves into an alternative approach for delivering marine-derived drugs using nanotechnological formulations and their mechanism of action for treating GBA., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Nanoparticles (NPs) have become one of the most popular objects of scientific study during the past decades. However, despite wealth of study reports, still there is a gap, particularly in health toxicology studies, underlying mechanisms, and related evaluation models to deeply understanding the NPs risk effects. In this review, we first present a comprehensive landscape of the applications of NPs on health, especially addressing the role of NPs in medical diagnosis, therapy. Then, the toxicity of NPs on health systems is introduced. We describe in detail the effects of NPs on various systems, including respiratory, nervous, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems, and the carcinogenicity of NPs. Furthermore, we unravels the underlying mechanisms of NPs including ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle, and epigenetic regulation. In addition, the classical study models such as cell lines and mice and the emerging models such as 3D organoids used for evaluating the toxicity or scientific study are both introduced. Overall, this review presents a critical summary and evaluation of the state of understanding of NPs, giving readers more better understanding of the NPs toxicology to remedy key gaps in knowledge and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven Kluyveromyces marxianus isolates from the elaboration process of pulque and henequen mezcal were characterized. The isolates were identified based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-5.8S) region. Genetic differences were found between pulque and henequen mezcal isolates and within henequen mezcal isolates, as shown by different branching patterns in the ITS-5.8S phylogenetic tree and (GTG)5 microsatellite profiles, suggesting that the substrate and process selective conditions may give rise to different K. marxianus populations. All the isolates fermented and assimilated inulin and lactose and some henequen isolates could also assimilate xylose and cellobiose. Henequen isolates were more thermotolerant than pulque ones, which, in contrast, presented more tolerance to the cell wall-disturbing agent calcofluor white (CFW), suggesting that they had different cell wall structures. Additionally, depending on their origin, the isolates presented different maximum specific growth rate (µmax) patterns at different temperatures. Concerning tolerance to stress factors relevant for lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation, their tolerance limits were lower at 42 than 30 °C, except for glucose and furfural. Pulque isolates were less tolerant to ethanol, NaCl, and Cd. Finally, all the isolates could produce ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of a corncob hydrolysate under laboratory conditions at 42 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to verify the seasonal influence on the Eugenia uniflora essential oils. The collections were carried out in October 2017 and March, May and August 2018. The extraction of the essential oils was performed by hydrodistillation and their composition was determined by gas chromatography. The yield of the essential oils was lower in winter (1.04% m/m). The composition of the essential oils in the different seasons did not change in relation to their compounds, differing only in their amounts. Germacrone was identified as the main compound, having a higher percentage in spring (48.05%) and summer (45.00%). Antioxidant activity (DPPH) may have been influenced by the higher percentages of germacrone, with better inhibitory concentration values (IC50) in summer (0.62 mg/mL), followed by spring (0.98 mg/mL). The E. uniflora essential oils tested have moderate to weak antibacterial activity and were more efficient against Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the Special Tribunal for the Defence of the State (Tribunale Speciale per la Difesa dello Stato ; TSDS) in the colonial territories that constitute present-day Libya at the time of fascist rule. This court acted as the judicial arm of the fascist regime in the so-called Italian 'fourth shore'. As a tool of the repressive apparatus of the regime, it persecuted the 'anti-national enemies' outside the metropolitan area, striking against those who opposed the fascist dictatorship and the fascist occupation in the colony by de-legitimising the defendants on juridical, political and moral grounds. The TSDS in Libya shows that the fight against the 'anti-nationals' was a primary concern of Mussolini's ultranationalist regime not only in the peninsular territory but also within the colonial administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenobamate (CNB), ([(R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl], is a novel tetrazole alkyl carbamate derivative. In November 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved Xcopri®, marketed by SK Life Science Inc., (Paramus, NJ, USA) for adult focal seizures. The European Medicines Agency approved Ontozry® by Arvelle Therapeutics Netherlands B.V.(Amsterdam, The Neatherlands) in March 2021. Cenobamate is a medication that could potentially change the perspectives regarding the management and prognosis of refractory epilepsy. In this way, this study aims to review the literature on CNB's pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety. CNB is a highly effective drug in managing focal onset seizures, with more than twenty percent of individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy achieving seizure freedom. This finding is remarkable in the antiseizure medication literature. The mechanism of action of CNB is still poorly understood, but it is associated with transient and persistent sodium currents and GABAergic neurotransmission. In animal studies, CNB showed sustained efficacy and potency in the 6 Hz test regardless of the stimulus intensity. CNB was revealed to be the most cost-effective drug among different third-generation antiseizure medications. Also, CNB could have neuroprotective effects. However, there are still concerns regarding its potential for abuse and suicidality risk, which future studies should clearly assess, after which protocols should be changed. The major drawback of CNB therapy is the slow and complex titration and maintenance phases preventing the wide use of this new agent in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprises a primary injury directly induced by impact, which progresses into a secondary injury leading to neuroinflammation, reactive astrogliosis, and cognitive and motor damage. To date, treatment of TBI consists solely of palliative therapies that do not prevent and/or limit the outcomes of secondary damage and only stabilize the deficits. The neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), delivered to the brain parenchyma following intranasal application, could be a useful means of limiting or improving the outcomes of the secondary injury, as suggested by pre‐clinical and clinical data. Experimental Approach: We evaluated the effect of acute intranasal treatment of young (20‐postnatal day) rats, with NGF in a TBI model (weight drop/close head), aggravated by hypoxic complications. Immediately after the trauma, rats were intranasally treated with human recombinant NGF (50 μg·kg−1), and motor behavioural test, morphometric and biochemical assays were carried out 24 h later. Key Results: Acute intranasal NGF prevented the onset of TBI‐induced motor disabilities, and decreased reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation and IL‐1β content, which after TBI develops to the same extent in the impact zone and the hypothalamus. Conclusion and Implications: Intranasal application of NGF was effective in decreasing the motor dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain of young rats in our model of TBI. This work forms an initial pre‐clinical evaluation of the potential of early intranasal NGF treatment in preventing and limiting the disabling outcomes of TBI, a clinical condition that remains one of the unsolved problems of paediatric neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging evidence supports that altered α-tubulin acetylation occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of α-synuclein fibrillary aggregates within Lewy bodies and nigrostriatal neuron degeneration. Nevertheless, studies addressing the interplay between α-tubulin acetylation and α-synuclein are lacking. Here, we investigated the relationship between α-synuclein and microtubules in primary midbrain murine neurons and the substantia nigra of post-mortem human brains. Taking advantage of immunofluorescence and Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), a method allowing us to visualize protein–protein interactions in situ, combined with confocal and super-resolution microscopy, we found that α-synuclein and acetylated α-tubulin colocalized and were in close proximity. Next, we employed an α-synuclein overexpressing cellular model and tested the role of α-tubulin acetylation in α-synuclein oligomer formation. We used the α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin to modulate α-tubulin acetylation, and we evaluated the presence of α-synuclein oligomers by PLA. We found that the increase in acetylated α-tubulin significantly induced α-synuclein oligomerization. In conclusion, we unraveled the link between acetylated α-tubulin and α-synuclein and demonstrated that α-tubulin acetylation could trigger the early step of α-synuclein aggregation. These data suggest that the proper regulation of α-tubulin acetylation might be considered a therapeutic strategy to take on PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Changes in synaptic function are an early hallmark of neuropathological conditions that often precede symptom onset, with mounting genetic, transcriptional, and epidemiological evidence implicating microglia in this process. The correlation between infection and neurocognitive sequelae further suggests that environmental exposures modulate neuroimmune interactions and contribute to synaptic alterations. Recent studies investigating functional roles of microglia across broad neuropathological contexts including neurodegeneration, aging, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurotropic infections reveal convergent mechanisms underlying microglial‐mediated synaptic dysfunction. We propose that early microglial changes, driven by genetic alterations coupled with environmental neuroimmune modulation, may be a common denominator that contributes to early synaptic pathologies. Here we review the evidence and discuss how microglia respond, and contribute, to synaptopathies across diverse neurological conditions, spotlighting their importance as broadly relevant therapeutic targets within neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is one of the most dramatic events in pediatric age and, despite advanced neurointensive care, the survival rate remains low. Currently, no effective treatments can restore neuronal loss or produce significant improvement in these patients. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin potentially able to counteract many of the deleterious effects triggered by OHCA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to be neuroprotective in many neurological diseases, such as motor deficit and cognitive impairment. Children with the diagnosis of chronic vegetative state after OHCA were enrolled. These patients underwent a combined treatment of intranasal administration of human recombinant NGF (hr-NGF), at a total dose of 50 gamma/kg, and tDCS, in which current intensity was increased from zero to 2 mA from the first 5 s of stimulation and maintained constant for 20 min. The treatment schedule was performed twice, at one month distance each. Neuroradiogical evaluation with Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Electroencephalography (EEG) and Power Spectral Density of the brain (PSD) was determined before the treatment and one month after the end. Neurological assessment was deepened by using modified Ashworth Scale, Gross Motor Function Measure, and Disability Rating Scale. Results: Three children with a chronic vegetative state secondary to OHCA were treated. The combined treatment with hr-NGF and tDCS improved functional (PET and SPECT) and electrophysiological (EEG and PSD) assessment. Also clinical conditions improved, mainly for the reduction of spasticity and with the acquisition of voluntary finger movements, improved facial mimicry and reaction to painful stimuli. No side effects were reported. Conclusions: These promising preliminary results and the ease of administration of this treatment make it worthwhile to be investigated further, mainly in the early stages from OHCA and in patients with better baseline neurological conditions, in order to explore more thoroughly the benefits of this new approach on neuronal function recovery after OHCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel dihydro-5H-furo[2,3-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ones (3a–r) and 6H-furo[2,3-d][1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8(7H)-ones (3s–v) were designed and obtained from radical cyclizations between 7-hydroxy-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives (1a–d) and 7-hydroxy-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one (1e) with various alkenes (2a–h) mediated by Mn(OAc)3. Obtained compounds were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, FTIR and HRMS techniques. In vitro AChE inhibitory results of these compounds show that compounds (3i–p) are the most active AChEI's (AChE inhibitor) with IC50 values between 0.15 and 15.16 µM. Also, ligand protein interactions of two most active compounds (3i and 3j) were investigated by molecular docking studies. Furthermore, druglikeness and ADME analyses of 3i–p were performed. All tested compounds showed satisfactory druglike characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest bathing was proposed in Japan in 1982 for the purpose of reducing stress and health management, and research on the health promotion and disease prevention effects of forest bathing began in Japan in 2004. Since then, the author's research team has published many papers and, in 2012, established Forest Medicine as a new preventive medicine. Imagine a new medical science that could let you know how to be more active, more relaxed, healthier, and happier, with reduced stress and a reduced risk of lifestyle-related diseases. This new medical science is Forest Medicine. Forest Medicine studies the effects of forest environments on human health and is a new interdisciplinary science that belongs to the categories of environmental and preventive medicine. On the other hand, more than 10 years have passed since then, and a lot of evidence has been obtained and many articles regarding Forest Medicine have been published. Therefore, in this review, the author proposes a new concept of Forest Medicine, based on the new evidence and published papers, with the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foods have become open to physical, chemical, and biological degradation due to their structural properties. The concept of food safety includes measures that can be taken against these types of may occur hazards and risks. Risk analysis is a planned approach created to identify risks to food safety and to reduce likely occur risks in terms of human health. The processes take a long time of storage, transportation, and distribution of products in international agriculture and food trade make them more vulnerable to physical, chemical, and biological risks. Food control systems applied in foreign trade of agricultural and food products are carried out based on risk analysis. In this study, the place and importance of risk analysis in foreign trade of agricultural and food products have been mentioned, and it has been tried to reveal the worldwide legislation regulations, practices, and development related to risk analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. It is reported that TGF-β/Smad signal pathway is inactivated in patients with Crohn's disease by overexpression of Smad 7. With expectation of multiple molecular targeting by microRNAs (miRNAs), we currently attempted to identify certain miRNAs that activate TGF-β/Smad signal pathway and aimed to prove in vivo therapeutic efficacy in mouse model. Through Smad binding element (SBE) reporter assays, we focused on miR-497a-5p. This miRNA is common between mouse and human species and enhanced the activity of TGF-β/Smad signal pathway, decreased Smad 7 and/or increased phosphorylated Smad 3 expression in non-tumor cell line HEK293, colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 and mouse macrophage J774a.1 cells. MiR-497a-5p also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p40, a subunit of IL-23, and IL-6 when J774a.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In a long-term therapeutic model for mouse dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, systemic delivery of miR-497a-5p load on super carbonate apatite (sCA) nanoparticle as a vehicle restored epithelial structure of the colonic mucosa and suppressed bowel inflammation compared with negative control miRNA treatment. Our data suggest that sCA-miR-497a-5p may potentially have a therapeutic ability against IBD although further investigation is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]