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9. Right Prefrontal Cortical Thickness Is Associated With Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Author

Real, Eva, Segalas, Cinto, Morer, Astrid, Brem, Silvia, Ferreira, Sonia, Moreira, Pedro Silva, Hagen, Kristen, Hamatani, Sayo, Takahashi, Jumpei, Yoshida, Tokiko, de Mathis, Maria Alice, Miguel, Euripedes C., Pariente, Jose C., Tang, Jinsong, Bertolín, Sara, Alonso, Pino, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Menchón, Jose M., Jimenez-Murcia, Susana, Baker, Justin T., Bargalló, Nuria, Batistuzzo, Marcelo Camargo, Boedhoe, Premika S.W., Brennan, Brian P., Feusner, Jamie D., Fitzgerald, Kate D., Fontaine, Martine, Hansen, Bjarne, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo Q., Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Kuno, Masaru, Kvale, Gerd, Lazaro, Luisa, Machado-Sousa, Mafalda, Marsh, Rachel, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Norman, Luke, Nurmi, Erika L., O’Neill, Joseph, Ortiz, Ana E., Perriello, Chris, Piacentini, John, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Shavitt, Roseli G., Shimizu, Eiji, Simpson, Helen Blair, Stewart, S. Evelyn, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Thorsen, Anders Lillevik, Walitza, Susanne, Wolters, Lidewij H., Thompson, Paul M., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Stein, Dan J., and Soriano-Mas, Carles

Published
2023
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14. Exposure and response prevention versus stress management training for adults and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial

Author

Himle, Joseph A., primary, Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew, additional, Hiller, Matthew A., additional, Mannella, Kristin A., additional, Norman, Luke J., additional, Abelson, James L., additional, Prout, Aileen, additional, Shunnarah, Angela A., additional, Becker, Hannah C., additional, Russman Block, Stefanie R., additional, Taylor, Stephan F., additional, and Fitzgerald, Kate D., additional

Published
2023
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19. Right Prefrontal Cortical Thickness Is Associated With Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Author

Bertolín, Sara, primary, Alonso, Pino, additional, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, additional, Menchón, Jose M., additional, Jimenez-Murcia, Susana, additional, Baker, Justin T., additional, Bargalló, Nuria, additional, Batistuzzo, Marcelo Camargo, additional, Boedhoe, Premika S.W., additional, Brennan, Brian P., additional, Feusner, Jamie D., additional, Fitzgerald, Kate D., additional, Fontaine, Martine, additional, Hansen, Bjarne, additional, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, additional, Hoexter, Marcelo Q., additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, additional, Kuno, Masaru, additional, Kvale, Gerd, additional, Lazaro, Luisa, additional, Machado-Sousa, Mafalda, additional, Marsh, Rachel, additional, Morgado, Pedro, additional, Nakagawa, Akiko, additional, Norman, Luke, additional, Nurmi, Erika L., additional, O’Neill, Joseph, additional, Ortiz, Ana E., additional, Perriello, Chris, additional, Piacentini, John, additional, Picó-Pérez, Maria, additional, Shavitt, Roseli G., additional, Shimizu, Eiji, additional, Simpson, Helen Blair, additional, Stewart, S. Evelyn, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Thorsen, Anders Lillevik, additional, Walitza, Susanne, additional, Wolters, Lidewij H., additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, van den Heuvel, Odile A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Soriano-Mas, Carles, additional, Real, Eva, additional, Segalas, Cinto, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Brem, Silvia, additional, Ferreira, Sonia, additional, Moreira, Pedro Silva, additional, Hagen, Kristen, additional, Hamatani, Sayo, additional, Takahashi, Jumpei, additional, Yoshida, Tokiko, additional, de Mathis, Maria Alice, additional, Miguel, Euripedes C., additional, Pariente, Jose C., additional, and Tang, Jinsong, additional

Published
2023
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21. Self-regulation and Psychopathology in Young Children.

Author

Lawler, Jamie M., Pitzen, Jerrica, Aho, Kristin M., Ip, Ka I., Liu, Yanni, Hruschak, Jessica L., Muzik, Maria, Rosenblum, Katherine L., and Fitzgerald, Kate D.

Subjects
CHILD psychopathology, RESPONSE inhibition
Abstract

The current study examined concurrent relationships between children's self-regulation, measured behaviorally and by parent-report, and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The aim was to distinguish which components of self-regulation (attention vs. inhibitory control, "hot" vs. "cool" regulation) best predict dimensional symptomatology and clinical disorders in young children. The participants were 120 children, ages 4–8 years old. Results showed that greater parent-reported attention was associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Behaviorally-measured hot inhibitory control related to fewer internalizing symptoms, whereas parent-reported inhibitory control related to fewer externalizing symptoms. Similar patterns emerged for clinical diagnoses, with parent-rated attention most strongly predicting disorders across domains. Results support prior evidence implicating self-regulatory deficits in externalizing problems, while also demonstrating that components of self-regulation are impaired with internalizing symptoms. Further, different sub-components of self-regulation relate to different dimensions of psychopathology in children. Interventions should target these areas in children at-risk for disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Real-Time fMRI Functional Connectivity Neurofeedback Reducing Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial

Author

Tsuchiyagaito, Aki, primary, Misaki, Masaya, additional, Kirlic, Namik, additional, Yu, Xiaoqian, additional, Sánchez, Stella M., additional, Cochran, Gabe, additional, Stewart, Jennifer L., additional, Smith, Ryan, additional, Fitzgerald, Kate D., additional, Rohan, Michael L., additional, Paulus, Martin P., additional, and Guinjoan, Salvador M., additional

Published
2023
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24. Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Author

Ivanov, Iliyan, primary, Boedhoe, Premika S.W., additional, Abe, Yoshinari, additional, Alonso, Pino, additional, Ameis, Stephanie H., additional, Arnold, Paul D., additional, Balachander, Srinivas, additional, Baker, Justin T., additional, Banaj, Nerisa, additional, Bargalló, Nuria, additional, Batistuzzo, Marcelo C., additional, Benedetti, Francesco, additional, Beucke, Jan C., additional, Bollettini, Irene, additional, Brem, Silvia, additional, Brennan, Brian P., additional, Buitelaar, Jan, additional, Calvo, Rosa, additional, Cheng, Yuqi, additional, Cho, Kang Ik K., additional, Dallaspezia, Sara, additional, Denys, Damiaan, additional, Diniz, Juliana B., additional, Ely, Benjamin A., additional, Feusner, Jamie D., additional, Ferreira, Sónia, additional, Fitzgerald, Kate D., additional, Fontaine, Martine, additional, Gruner, Patricia, additional, Hanna, Gregory L., additional, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, additional, Hoexter, Marcelo Q., additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Ikari, Keisuke, additional, James, Anthony, additional, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, additional, Jiang, Hongyan, additional, Kathmann, Norbert, additional, Kaufmann, Christian, additional, Kim, Minah, additional, Koch, Kathrin, additional, Kwon, Jun Soo, additional, Lázaro, Luisa, additional, Liu, Yanni, additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Marsh, Rachel, additional, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, additional, Mataix-Cols, David, additional, Menchón, José M., additional, Minuzzi, Luciano, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Morgado, Pedro, additional, Nakagawa, Akiko, additional, Nakamae, Takashi, additional, Nakao, Tomohiro, additional, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C., additional, Nurmi, Erika L., additional, Oh, Sanghoon, additional, Perriello, Chris, additional, Piacentini, John C., additional, Picó-Pérez, Maria, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Piras, Federica, additional, Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan, additional, Manrique, Daniela Rodriguez, additional, Sakai, Yuki, additional, Shimizu, Eiji, additional, Simpson, H. Blair, additional, Soreni, Noam, additional, Soriano-Mas, Carles, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Stern, Emily R., additional, Stevens, Michael C., additional, Stewart, S. Evelyn, additional, Szeszko, Philip R., additional, Tolin, David F., additional, van Rooij, Daan, additional, Veltman, Dick J., additional, van der Werf, Ysbrand D., additional, van Wingen, Guido A., additional, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, additional, Walitza, Susanne, additional, Wang, Zhen, additional, Watanabe, Anri, additional, Wolters, Lidewij H., additional, Xu, Xiufeng, additional, Yun, Je-Yeon, additional, Zarei, Mojtaba, additional, Zhang, Fengrui, additional, Zhao, Qing, additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, van den Heuvel, Odile A., additional, O'Neill, Joseph, additional, Poletti, Sara, additional, Fridgeirsson, Egill Axfjord, additional, Ikuta, Toshikazu, additional, de Wit, Stella J., additional, Vriend, Chris, additional, Kasprzak, Selina, additional, Kuno, Masaru, additional, Takahashi, Jumpei, additional, Miguel, Euripedes C., additional, Shavitt, Roseli G., additional, Hough, Morgan, additional, Pariente, Jose C., additional, Ortiz, Ana E., additional, Bertolín, Sara, additional, Real, Eva, additional, Segalàs, Cinto, additional, Moreira, Pedro Silva, additional, Sousa, Nuno, additional, Narumoto, Jin, additional, Yamada, Kei, additional, Tang, Jinsong, additional, Fouche, Jean-Paul, additional, Kim, Taekwan, additional, Choi, Sunah, additional, Ha, Minji, additional, and Park, Sunghyun, additional

Published
2022
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27. Disorder-specific cingulo-opercular network hyperconnectivity in pediatric OCD relative to pediatric anxiety.

Author

Becker, Hannah C., Norman, Luke J., Yang, Huan, Monk, Christopher S., Phan, K. Luan, Taylor, Stephan F., Liu, Yanni, Mannella, Kristin, and Fitzgerald, Kate D.

Subjects
LARGE-scale brain networks, FUNCTIONAL connectivity, PEDIATRICS, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, ANXIETY, ANXIETY disorders, OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder, DEFAULT mode network
Abstract

Background: Prior investigation of adult patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has found greater functional connectivity within orbitofrontal–striatal–thalamic (OST) circuitry, as well as altered connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks such as the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN), relative to controls. However, as adult OCD patients often have high rates of co-morbid anxiety and long durations of illness, little is known about the functional connectivity of these networks in relation to OCD specifically, or in young patients near illness onset. Methods: In this study, unmedicated female patients with OCD (ages 8–21 years, n = 23) were compared to age-matched female patients with anxiety disorders (n = 26), and healthy female youth (n = 44). Resting-state functional connectivity was used to determine the strength of functional connectivity within and between OST, CON, and DMN. Results: Functional connectivity within the CON was significantly greater in the OCD group as compared to the anxiety and healthy control groups. Additionally, the OCD group displayed greater functional connectivity between OST and CON compared to the other two groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that previously noted network connectivity differences in pediatric patients with OCD were likely not attributable to co-morbid anxiety disorders. Moreover, these results suggest that specific patterns of hyperconnectivity within CON and between CON and OST circuitry may characterize OCD relative to non-OCD anxiety disorders in youth. This study improves understanding of network dysfunction underlying pediatric OCD as compared to pediatric anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. How Effective Are School Professionals at Identifying Students Who Might Benefit From Cognitive Behavioral Therapy? Baseline Data From the Adaptive School-Based Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trial

Author

Choi, Seo Youn, primary, Rusch, Amy, additional, Koschmann, Elizabeth, additional, Bilek, Emily L., additional, Lane, Annalise, additional, Abelson, James L., additional, Eisenberg, Daniel, additional, Himle, Joseph A., additional, Fitzgerald, Kate D., additional, Liebrecht, Celeste, additional, Kilbourne, Amy M., additional, and Smith, Shawna N., additional

Published
2022
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29. Additional file 1 of Primary aim results of a clustered SMART for developing a school-level, adaptive implementation strategy to support CBT delivery at high schools in Michigan

Author

Smith, Shawna N., Almirall, Daniel, Choi, Seo Youn, Koschmann, Elizabeth, Rusch, Amy, Bilek, Emily, Lane, Annalise, Abelson, James L., Eisenberg, Daniel, Himle, Joseph A., Fitzgerald, Kate D., Liebrecht, Celeste, and Kilbourne, Amy M.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Appendix A. School Professional Assessment Survey. Appendix B. School Professional Characteristics and Background. Appendix C. Re-Analysis Focusing on CBT Delivery Trends. Appendix D. Missing Data and Imputation.

Published
2022
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32. Exposure-Focused CBT Outperforms Relaxation-Based Control in an RCT of Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety.

Author

Bilek, Emily, Tomlinson, Rachel C., Whiteman, Andrew S., Johnson, Timothy D., Benedict, Chelsea, Phan, K. Luan, Monk, Christopher S., and Fitzgerald, Kate D.

Subjects
ANXIETY disorders, COGNITIVE therapy, ANXIETY, TEENAGERS, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

The relative contribution of individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) components to treatment outcomes for child anxiety disorders (CADs) is unclear. Recent meta-analyses suggest that exposure may be the primary active ingredient in CBT for CADs, and that relaxation may be relatively less effective. This brief report tests the hypothesis that exposure-focused CBT (EF-CBT) would outperform a relaxation-based active therapy control (Relaxation Mentorship Training; RMT) for the treatment of CADs. Participants were 102 youth with CADs (mean age = 11.91, 26 males; 76.4% White, 14.7% Multiracial, 3.9% Black, 3.9% Asian, 0.9% other/do not wish to identify) as part of an ongoing neuroimaging randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned (ratio 2:1) to receive 12 sessions of EF-CBT (n = 70) or RMT (n = 32). Clinical improvement was measured at Week 12 (Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale; CGI-I); treatment response was defined as receiving a rating of "very much" or "much improved" on the CGI-I. Anxiety severity was measured at Weeks 1, 6, 9, 12 (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale; PARS). Outcome measures were completed by an independent evaluator unaware of condition. EF-CBT exhibited 2.98 times higher odds of treatment completion than RMT; 13 treatment non-completers were included in analyses. Estimated treatment response rates were higher for EF-CBT (57.3%) than for RMT (19.2%). Longitudinal analyses indicated that EF-CBT was associated with faster and more pronounced anxiety reductions than RMT on the PARS (Hedges' g =.77). Results suggest that EF-CBT without relaxation is effective for CADs, and more effective than a relaxation-based intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Conducting EEG research in clinically anxious preschoolers: A pilot study and preliminary recommendations.

Author

Horbatch, Faith, Hruschak, Jessica, Hall, Melissa, Mannella, Kristin A., Synger, Ashley, Ip, Ka I., Liu, Yanni, Sadlier, Raleigh, Gillett, Carrie B., Moser, Jason S., Muzik, Maria, Rosenblum, Katherine L., and Fitzgerald, Kate D.

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) data collection can be challenging in preschoolers with anxiety who are often debilitated by fear of the unknown. Thus, we iteratively refined techniques for EEG collection in three cohorts of children with anxiety enrolled in our study of a novel intervention. Techniques involved directing child attention away from the EEG setup (Cohort 1, N = 18), open discussion of equipment and processes during setup (Cohort 2, N = 21), and a preparatory EEG‐exposure session prior to data collection (Cohort 3, N = 6). Children (N = 45, 4–7 years) attempted a Time 1 EEG before intervention, and those who completed intervention (N = 28) were invited to a Time 2 EEG. The percentages who provided analyzable EEGs were assessed by cohort. Cohort 3 provided more Time 1 EEGs (83.3%) than Cohorts 1 or 2 (66.7% each), suggesting that the preparatory session supported first‐time EEG collection. More children provided Time 2 EEG data across successive cohorts (Cohort 1: 66.7%, Cohort 2: 82%, Cohort 3: 100%), suggesting that more open communication facilitated repeat EEG collection. Ultimately, increased EEG exposure and child‐friendly communication about procedures improved data acquisition in this sample of clinically anxious preschoolers. Detailed study procedures are shared to support future EEG research in young children with anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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34. Changes in Brain Network Connections After Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Adolescents and Adults

Author

Becker, Hannah C., Beltz, Adriene M., Himle, Joseph A., Abelson, James L., Block, Stefanie Russman, Taylor, Stephan F., and Fitzgerald, Kate D.

Abstract

Functional alterations of tripartite neural networks during cognitive control (i.e., frontoparietal network [FPN], cingulo-opercular network, and default mode network) occur in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may contribute to illness expression. However, the degree to which changes in these networks are elicited by gold standard treatment (e.g., exposure and response prevention [EX/RP]) remains unknown. Understanding how EX/RP modulates network connectivity in adolescent versus adult patients with OCD may aid the identification of developmentally sensitive treatment targets that enhance cognitive control.

Published
2023
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35. Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Author

Iliyan Ivanov, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Paul D. Arnold, Srinivas Balachander, Justin T. Baker, Nerisa Banaj, Nuria Bargalló, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Irene Bollettini, Silvia Brem, Brian P. Brennan, Jan Buitelaar, Rosa Calvo, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Sara Dallaspezia, Damiaan Denys, Juliana B. Diniz, Benjamin A. Ely, Jamie D. Feusner, Sónia Ferreira, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Martine Fontaine, Patricia Gruner, Gregory L. Hanna, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Chaim Huyser, Keisuke Ikari, Anthony James, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Hongyan Jiang, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Minah Kim, Kathrin Koch, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lázaro, Yanni Liu, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, José M. Menchón, Luciano Minuzzi, Astrid Morer, Pedro Morgado, Akiko Nakagawa, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika L. Nurmi, Sanghoon Oh, Chris Perriello, John C. Piacentini, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Daniela Rodriguez Manrique, Yuki Sakai, Eiji Shimizu, H. Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, Michael C. Stevens, S. Evelyn Stewart, Philip R. Szeszko, David F. Tolin, Daan van Rooij, Dick J. Veltman, Ysbrand D. van der Werf, Guido A. van Wingen, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Susanne Walitza, Zhen Wang, Anri Watanabe, Lidewij H. Wolters, Xiufeng Xu, Je-Yeon Yun, Mojtaba Zarei, Fengrui Zhang, Qing Zhao, Neda Jahanshad, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Joseph O'Neill, Sara Poletti, Egill Axfjord Fridgeirsson, Toshikazu Ikuta, Stella J. de Wit, Chris Vriend, Selina Kasprzak, Masaru Kuno, Jumpei Takahashi, Euripedes C. Miguel, Roseli G. Shavitt, Morgan Hough, Jose C. Pariente, Ana E. Ortiz, Sara Bertolín, Eva Real, Cinto Segalàs, Pedro Silva Moreira, Nuno Sousa, Jin Narumoto, Kei Yamada, Jinsong Tang, Jean-Paul Fouche, Taekwan Kim, Sunah Choi, Minji Ha, Sunghyun Park, Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Systems & Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Adult Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Paediatric Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Graduate School, Ivanov, Iliyan, Boedhoe, Premika S W, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Ameis, Stephanie H, Arnold, Paul D, Balachander, Sriniva, Baker, Justin T, Banaj, Nerisa, Bargalló, Nuria, Batistuzzo, Marcelo C, Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C, Bollettini, Irene, Brem, Silvia, Brennan, Brian P, Buitelaar, Jan, Calvo, Rosa, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik K, Dallaspezia, Sara, Denys, Damiaan, Diniz, Juliana B, Ely, Benjamin A, Feusner, Jamie D, Ferreira, Sónia, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Fontaine, Martine, Gruner, Patricia, Hanna, Gregory L, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo Q, Huyser, Chaim, Ikari, Keisuke, James, Anthony, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Jiang, Hongyan, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Kim, Minah, Koch, Kathrin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lázaro, Luisa, Liu, Yanni, Lochner, Christine, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Menchón, José M, Minuzzi, Luciano, Morer, Astrid, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C, Nurmi, Erika L, Oh, Sanghoon, Perriello, Chri, Piacentini, John C, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Reddy, Y C Janardhan, Manrique, Daniela Rodriguez, Sakai, Yuki, Shimizu, Eiji, Simpson, H Blair, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stern, Emily R, Stevens, Michael C, Stewart, S Evelyn, Szeszko, Philip R, Tolin, David F, van Rooij, Daan, Veltman, Dick J, van der Werf, Ysbrand D, van Wingen, Guido A, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Zhen, Watanabe, Anri, Wolters, Lidewij H, Xu, Xiufeng, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zarei, Mojtaba, Zhang, Fengrui, Zhao, Qing, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Dan J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, and O'Neill, Joseph

Subjects
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], OCD, Psychotropics, Longevity, SRIs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Benzodiazepines, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Age, Cross-Sectional Studies, Subcortical volumes, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, Child, Preschool, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Humans, Child, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

Background: Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs. Methods: The ENIGMA-OCD consortium sample (1081 medicated/1159 unmedicated OCD patients and 2057 healthy controls aged 6–65) was divided into six successive 6–10-year age-groups. Individual structural MRIs were parcellated automatically using FreeSurfer into 8 regions-of-interest (ROIs). ROI volumes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and controls, and between patients taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), tricyclics (TCs), antipsychotics (APs), or benzodiazepines (BZs) and unmedicated patients. Results: Compared to unmedicated patients, volumes of accumbens, caudate, and/or putamen were lower in children aged 6–13 and adults aged 50–65 with OCD taking SRIs (Cohen's d = −0.24 to −0.74). Volumes of putamen, pallidum (d = 0.18–0.40), and ventricles (d = 0.31–0.66) were greater in patients aged 20–29 receiving APs. Hippocampal volumes were smaller in patients aged 20 and older taking TCs and/or BZs (d = −0.27 to −1.31). Conclusions: Results suggest that TCs and BZs could potentially aggravate hippocampal atrophy of normal aging in older adults with OCD, whereas SRIs may reduce striatal volumes in young children and older adults. Similar to patients with psychotic disorders, OCD patients aged 20–29 may experience subcortical nuclear and ventricular hypertrophy in relation to APs. Although cross-sectional, present results suggest that commonly prescribed agents exert macroscopic effects on subcortical nuclei of unknown relation to therapeutic response.

Published
2022

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