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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of RME on upper airway structure and its relationship to improvements in sleep disordered breathing., Methods: The study was carried out in 23 children with malocclusion and OSA. Clinical assessment visits, daytime sleepiness questionnaire, polysomnography and orthognatodontic examination were performed before (T0) and 4 (T1) and 12 (T2) months after RME. CB CT scans with 2D and 3D reconstructions were performed before (T0) and 12 after months (T2) RME. The relationship between airway changes and improvements in sleep disordered breathing were evaluated., Results: In all cases, opening of the mid-palatal suture was successfully achieved. Volume of the total upper airways, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx increased significantly as well as the nasal osseous width. The increase in posterior suture, pterygoid process, maxillary, nasal cross-sectional width were significantly correlated with total upper airway volume, nasal cavity volume, nasopharyngeal airway volume, and oropharyngeal airway volume. The improvement in AHI was correlated with the increase in total upper airway volume at 12 months., Conclusion: The study provides important details about the effect of RME on upper airway structure, including an enlarged posterior suture, pterygoid process, maxillary width and nasal cross-sectional width and enlarged airway volume., (© 2024 Australian Dental Association.)

Purpose: To evaluate if digital breast tomosynthesis spot compression view (DBT-SCV) could be an additional projection to confirm or deny architectural distortions (ADs) detected by digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) while assessing the average glandular radiation dose., Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study enrolling 8864 DBT exams, of which only cases detecting primary AD and with BI-RADS 2-5 score were considered. Seventy-one AD cases examined with DBT-SCV, US and MRI were evaluated for correlation in terms of BI-RADS score; variables among exams were assessed for inter-relationships., Results: Of all ADs identified at DBT, biopsy yielded malignancy in only 38%. PPV in identifying malignancy of ADs was higher for DBT-SCV than DBT (p < 0.05); the NPV of DBT-SCV was 94%. The difference between DBT and DBT-SCV in the detection of benign ADs was statistically significant (p < 0.05). AD without US or MRI confirmation was less likely to represent malignancy (p < 0.05). In detecting malignant cases of ADs, both DBT and DBT-SCV were strongly correlated with US and RM (Kappa > 0.90). In identifying benign cases of ADs, DBT-SCV was poorly/moderately correlated with US and RM (Kappa 0.25 and 0.66); DBT was negatively correlated with US and MRI., Conclusion: DBT-SCV could be useful to better characterize AD firstly identified by DBT, keeping dose levels within the reference limits. If AD is detected by DBT without an US or MRI correlate, that is not confirmed by DBT-SCV, a "wait and see" approach can be applied to reduce unnecessary biopsy., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Throughout this recent ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the European Society of Breast Imaging have surely contributed in improving the management of unilateral axillary adenopathy appearance homolaterally to the side of vaccine inoculation. After considering the patient's COVID-19 history of vaccination, our group produced a day-to-day scheme that evaluates meticulously the probability of mammary malignancy, according to the lymph node characteristics including vascular abnormalities. It comprises of a UN (ultrasound node) score ranging from 2 to 5, that increases with the suspicion of malignancy. In this setting and in view of the additional incoming COVID-19 boost-dose vaccinations, we believe our model could be of great utility to radiologist when assessing patients whom do not have a straight forward diagnosis, in order to reduce breast cancer missed diagnosis, avoid delaying vaccinations, reduce rescheduling of breast imaging examinations and lastly avoid unnecessary lymph node biopsies.