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Inflammation is a complex physiological response involving various cellular and molecular events. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is usually in the form of HSO3− and SO32− under physiological conditions, plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation and diseases. Frequency upconversion luminescence (FUCL) can realize the unique anti-Stokes process of long-wavelength excitation to short-wavelength emission; thus, it is a highly promising optical method for in vivo imaging due to its deep tissue penetration, low photo-damage, etc. Therefore, we developed a near-infrared FUCL NIRX-1 probe for the detection of HSO3−. NIRX-1 had a fast response (80 s), a low detection limit (0.43 μM), and high selectivity towards HSO3−. In addition, NIRX-1 had deep light penetration ability due to the near-infrared excitation at 808 nm and was able to detect HSO3− in living cells and mice. Lastly, NIRX-1 was employed in the imaging of HSO3− in an inflammation mouse model through FUCL imaging techniques. All these features make NIRX-1 a good candidate for the investigation of SO2-associated physiological and pathological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bay areas have experienced a rapid development in their city integration and tourism industry over the past decade. However, city integration has rarely been studied in the tourism literature along with its dimensions and impact on tourism development. Therefore, this study examines city integration and its effects on tourism development from the perspective of residents in the Greater Bay Area, China. Through a qualitative research method with 73 semi-structured interviews, this study identified five dimensions of the effects of city integration on tourism development were also determined, including resource, community, product, marketing and economic dimensions. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the critical success factors is common in tourism research because it can bring many benefits to the tourism industry. Related research is mainly concentrated in accommodation, events, ecotourism, catering, travel agencies, wine tourism, urban tourism, and business tourism. Entertainment tourism is becoming increasingly popular. However, research on the critical success factors of entertainment tourism destination has been overlooked. This study examined these factors from the supply-side perspective with the aim to discover the critical success factors of entertainment tourism in Macau using qualitative research method. The data is collected from managers in the entertainment tourism industry. Eight CSFs, with a total of 21 sub-factors from data collected from semi-structured interviews are observed. These CSFs are product, financial and economic support, service quality, planning and policy, facility and transportation, marketing, human resources and security. The result also indicates the strength of these identified factors in improving and sustaining the development of entertainment tourism. Furthermore, the implications of the success of such development are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive hemorrhage and chronic wounds caused by bacterial infections after trauma are significant challenges in clinical practice. An ideal hemostatic wound dressing should simultaneously manage bleeding and prevent bacterial infections and also hold excellent biocompatibility and bioactivities to successfully modulate immune microenvironments to promote wound healing. In this study, a silk fibroin-based light-responsive film was demonstrated to possess effective capacity of light-induced non-compressible hemostasis on liver hemorrhage and tail bleeding in vivo by binding with blood platelets to promote the clotting cascade. The blood loss of the rats was significantly less after C-MASiF films were applied, which were 1223.33 ± 347.9 mg (liver trauma) and 363.33 ± 60.28 mg (tail trimming). Importantly, the films exhibited photo-controllable modulation activity on macrophages through repeated near-infrared irradiation to regulate the immune microenvironment to enhance photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Moreover, the light-responsive silk fibroin film effectively promoted Staphylococcus aureus infected burn wound healing in vivo . The quantity of residual bacteria in the wound sites of mice in the C-MASiF films group (0.05 ± 0.0047 × 10 8 CFU mL -1 ) was considerably less than that in the control group (3.18 ± 0.75 × 10 8 CFU mL -1 ), and the wound area in the C-MASiF group (78.03% ± 4.12%) was considerably smaller than that in the control group (60.33% ± 8.81%) after 14 days. Overall, this light-responsive silk fibroin film can provide a powerful strategy for wound healing of burns.