Search

Background: Physical fitness and functioning are related to better mental health in older age. However, which fitness components (body composition, strength, flexibility, coordination, and endurance) are more closely related to psychological well-being (PWB) is unclear. Methods: This research examined how body mass index (BMI) and six indices of functional fitness (i.e., lower and upper body strength, lower and upper body flexibility, coordination [based on agility and balance], and aerobic endurance) relate to five psychological measures that could mirror PWB (i.e., resilience, mental well-being, optimism, life satisfaction, and happiness). Thirty-nine older adults (60–94 years; two-thirds female) were examined with the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test (FFFT) after completing five psychometric instruments. Results: Data were analyzed with correlations, ordinary least squares regressions, and regularized (elastic net) regressions, calculating the Lindeman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) indices of the relative importance of the six FFFT components separately for the five psychological measures. Results revealed that BMI, upper body strength, and upper body flexibility were the least significant predictors of PWB. In contrast, endurance, complex movement coordination, and lower body flexibility emerged as the most significant predictors. Still, lower body strength correlated moderately positively with all PWB indices, and similarly, upper body flexibility with resilience, mental well-being, and happiness. Conclusions: These findings should stimulate research on the mechanism connecting functional fitness with PWB in older adults. Further, apart from their novelty, the findings could be valuable in providing directions for physical fitness intervention programs targeting mental and physical health for older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of movement representation techniques (MRT) on pain, range of motion, functional outcomes, and pain-related fear in patients with non-specific shoulder pain (NSSP). A literature search conducted in PubMed, PEDro, EBSCO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and gray literature on April 31, 2023. We selected seven randomized controlled trials based on the PICOS framework. Incomplete data or non-NSSP excluded. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale (mean score = 6.43), and certainty of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE approach. MRT demonstrated a large effect size for pain reduction (high heterogeneity, I2 = 85.2%, Hedges'g = 1.324, 95% CI = 0.388–2.260, P = 0.006), functional improvement (moderate heterogeneity, I2 = 70.82%, Hedges'g = 1.263, 95% CI = 0.622–1.904, P < 0.001), and reduction of pain-related fear (moderate heterogeneity, I2 = 70.86%, Hedges'g = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.221–1.716, P < 0.001). MRT also showed significant benefits for range of motion, particularly in flexion (low heterogeneity, I2 = 26.38%, Hedges'g = 0.683), abduction (low heterogeneity, I2 = 33.27%, Hedges'g = 0.756), and external rotation (low heterogeneity, I2 = 48.33%, Hedges'g = 0.542) (P < 0.001 for all), while no significant effect was found for internal rotation (P > 0.05). No publication bias was detected. While limited evidence and methodological concerns necessitate further research, MRT appears to positively impact pain, range of motion, functional outcomes, and pain-related fear in NSSP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAimsMethodsResultsConclusionTo describe participation patterns and identify factors associated with participation of young Brazilian children with myelomeningocele (MMC) in their home, daycare/preschool, and community settings.The participants were parents/caregivers of 70 children with MMC, averaging 26.7 (±17.3) months in age. Participation was measured by the Young Children’s Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) completed by interview. Simple and stepwise multiple linear egression models were used to examine factors associated with participation.On average children participated in home activities a few times a week, community activities once a month to a few times in the last month, and daycare or preschool activities once to a few times in the past four months. Age was associated with participation frequency (R2 = 0.32; p < .0001) and number of activities (R2 = 0.27; p < .02) in daycare/preschool and in the number of activities in the community (R2 = 0.30; p < .0001). Number of environmental facilitators was associated with the desire for change in participation in daycare/preschool (R2 = 0.21; p < .04). Mobility performance was associated with children’s level of involvement (R2 = 0.10; p = .006) and caregivers’ desire for change in community participation (R2 = 0.11; p = .006).Knowledge of participation and factors that influence participation can help in designing interventions to improve participation opportunities for young children with MMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate on fulfillment of expectations and patient satisfaction after surgical treatment of complex proximal tibial fractures. Methods: In this prospective study 114 patients who suffered a complex tibial fracture (AO/OTA-Type B and C) were enrolled. At follow-up, based on the Hospital For Special Surgery-Knee Surgery Expectations Survey (HFSS-KSES), an individualized questionnaire was used to evaluate whether the preoperative formulated expectations had been fulfilled. In addition, condition of the knee joint (rated 0–4), overall satisfaction (rated 0–4) with the outcome, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and SF-12 was used. Results: Fulfillment of expectations for abilty to run, to knee, and regain an intact status of the knee joint performed worst in the HFSS-KSE. Highest fulfillment was reached for psychological well-being and to interact socially. No statistical difference was found between the two fracture groups (AO/OTA-Type B vs. C). In the study cohort n = 81 patients (83.5%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome. Mean satisfaction in the study cohort was 3.5. Satisfaction correlated highly significant with all items of the HFSS-KSE survey. Results vary in the different fracture groups. Satisfaction also correlates highly significant with the condition of the knee joint as well as with all dimensions of the KOOS score and the PCS of the SF-12 survey. Conclusion: In patients who suffered a complex proximal tibial fracture, fulfillment of preoperative expectations is only limited. Nevertheless, overall satisfaction with the outcome is high, and correlates to a high degree with fulfillment of joint functionality and current health status. The fracture type does not influence these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether individualizing autonomic recovery periods between resistance training (RT) sessions (IND) using heart rate variability (HRV), measured by the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD), would lead to greater and more consistent improvements in muscle strength, muscle mass, and functional performance in older women compared to a fixed recovery protocol (FIX). Methods: Twenty-one older women (age 66.0 ± 5.0 years old) were randomized into two different protocols (IND: n = 11; FIX: n = 10) and completed 7 weeks of RT. Measurements of RMSSD were performed within a five-day period to establish baseline values. The RMSSD values determined whether participants were recovered from the previous session. The assessments included muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), one-repetition maximum (1RM), peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), chair stand (CS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-minutes walking (6MW), and maximum gait speed (MGS). Results: There were no significant (P > 0.05) group vs. time interactions. There were significant main effects of time (P < 0.05) for CSA, 1RM, PT, TUG, CS, 6MW, and MGS, while no significant changes were observed for RFD (P > 0.05). Conclusion: IND does not seem to enhance responses in muscle mass, strength, and functional performance compared FIX in healthy older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to comprehensively examine the status of ICT resources in Masbate province's third congressional elementary and secondary district public schools, utilizing a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative aspect involved data collection from 102 school heads and ICT coordinators, while the qualitative component focused on insights gathered solely from school principals. A survey checklist was designed to assess the availability, functionality, and sufficiency of ICT resources, and statistical methods such as rank order, frequency, and a Likert scale were employed for interpretation. Qualitative data obtained through thematic analysis of interviews with school principals highlighted specific struggles and challenges faced by the schools. Findings indicated that there is a scarcity of ICT resources in third-district schools, and the existing resources are not fully functional or sufficient. Additional challenges, supported by qualitative findings, include an undersupply of ICT resources, untrained teachers, the unavailability of maintenance personnel, and unstable internet connectivity. These identified challenges underscored the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing ICT-related issues in the third district schools. In conclusion, the study's findings revealed a significant gap in the availability, functionality, and sufficiency of ICT resources in the third congressional district. To address these issues, the study proposed several recommendations based on its findings. Firstly, the department is encouraged to enhance intervention strategies related to all-inclusive procurement services. The study also suggested that the department will allocate funds for extra personnel to enhance the serviceability of ICT resources. Furthermore, providing additional training for teachers in utilizing ICT for classroom instruction was recommended. Lastly, utilization and procurement plans were recommended to serve as augmented solutions to improve the overall status of ICT in these schools and address the identified challenges for enhancing the quality of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fatigue of the inspiratory musculature, particularly the diaphragm, has been demonstrated to exert systemic effects on the body, impacting cardiovascular and performance outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on respiratory muscle strength, functionality, and muscle oxygen saturation in older adults. Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on twenty-four older adults aged over 60 years, who met inclusion criteria were physically independent in terms of gait and functionality. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group, inspiratory muscle fatigue group, or activation group. Diaphragmatic ultrasonography (diaphragmatic thickness, thickening fraction, diaphragm movement curve), maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, muscle oxygen saturation, and functionality (timed up and go test, for five times sit to stand test) were used to measure the study variables at two time points: pre-intervention (T1) and post-intervention (T2). Results: In the maximum inspiratory pressure variable in the activation group an increase was found between baseline and post-treatment of 3.00 ± 0.93 cmH2O (P < 0.01), while in the inspiratory muscle fatigue a decrease of -6.75 ± 2.66 cmH2O (P < 0.01) was found. In addition, the inspiratory muscle fatigue group showed lower scores for respiratory and functional variables after performing the diaphragmatic fatigue intervention than the activation and control group (P < 0.05), on the other hand, the activation group showed more positive values for functional and respiratory capacity variables after performing the inspiratory muscle activation training (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fatigue of the inspiratory musculature appears to negatively impact inspiratory muscle strength, peripheral muscle strength, muscular oxygenation, and functionality in older adults. Activation of the inspiratory musculature could contribute to improved respiratory muscle strength and function in these individuals. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06266013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability among US adults and most commonly affects the knee. Guidelines for knee OA treatment include behavioral, nonpharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical interventions. While emerging knee OA treatments show promise for pain control, data gaps remain regarding the efficacy, safety, comparative effectiveness, and real-world value of treatments. Objectives: The Innovations in Genicular Outcomes Registry (IGOR) is prospectively collecting real-world data to assess clinical effectiveness, safety, health-related quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization of knee OA treatments. Design: The IGOR is a prospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter registry (NCT05495334) examining knee OA pain treatment outcomes at intervals up to 18 months after treatment. Methods and analysis: All clinical management decisions are made via shared decision-making involving both the physician and the patient. Index joint-directed treatments may include various intra-articular injections, oral opioid and nonopioid medications (including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), cryo nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablations, novel treatment modalities, other physical therapy modalities (including muscle strengthening), and total knee arthroplasties. Patient-reported assessments along with physician-provided medical record data are recorded. Regular data quality assessments are conducted for each site, and an outside monitor ensures data quality and integrity. A steering committee ensures transparency and oversees administrative, legal, ethical, and scientific decisions. Treatment outcomes within and between therapies are compared. Ethics: Ethical approval was granted by Advarra, Inc. (protocol number, Pro00050981). Discussion: Data from the IGOR registry study will further elucidate the effectiveness, safety, and real-world value of knee OA treatments individually or in combination. Characterization of real-world treatment patterns will help better understand the impact of specific treatments. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05495334. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary The programmability of DNA assembly allows for the creation of gold nanostructures with custom shapes and tailored optical properties, holding promise for applications including single‐molecule sensing and imaging. While DNA origami provides addressable site information for structure construction, there have been few studies on encoding information onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to guide the assembly of Au‐DNA origami structures, especially for encoding extensive information onto large AuNPs (e.g., 30 nm). In this work, we introduce a strategy that encodes extensive information onto versatile AuNPs ranging in size from 5 nm to 30 nm using a DNA origami template (parent origami). This encoded information serves to direct the positioning of the AuNPs within a regenerated DNA origami structure (daughter origami). Our findings demonstrate the successful assembly of AuNPs ranging from 5 nm to 30 nm on the same site of the daughter DNA origami as the parent DNA origami, with yields of up to 80%. This approach offers new possibilities for achieving precise control over AuNPs assembly and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses constitute the largest number of hospital information system (HIS) users. Therefore, their awareness level and access to HIS functions based on their needs are particularly important. The present study aims to determine nurses' access levels to HIS functions and examine the compliance between defined and required access levels to core functionalities of a comprehensive HIS. Methods: This observational and survey study was conducted on nurses using the census method (n = 110) in two phases. In the first phase, nurses' current access levels to core functionalities of the hospitalization management subsystem were identified in HIS. In the second phase, nurses' awareness of defined access levels to HIS functions and compliance with their needs were investigated using a valid and reliable questionnaire (α = 0.90). The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (t-test and one-way ANOVA). Results: The hospitalization management subsystem had 57 functions in 6 task groups. The information technology (IT) department enabled nurses to access 35 functions but did not allow them to access 22. 58.0% of the nurses were aware of those 35 functions they had access to, and 35.9% were aware of those 22 functions they needed access to. There was a significant correlation between nurses' awareness of current and defined access levels (p < 0.0001), so the mean defined access levels were 23.42, greater than the mean level of nurses' awareness of their current access to core functionalities. Conclusion: Users' lack of awareness and access to HIS functions more or less than required could reduce user satisfaction, acceptance, and efficiency of optimal use of these systems. Therefore, hospital administrators and policymakers should determine users' access levels based on their needs in accordance with the actual workflow and periodic evaluations. The method used in our study could help policymakers, managers, and staff at the hospital IT department accurately identify users' needs for HIS functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significant advancements in hearing aid technology, their adoption rates remain low, with stigma continuing to be a major barrier for many. This review aims to assess the origins and current state of hearing aid stigma, as well as explore potential strategies for alleviating it. This review examines the societal perceptions, psychological impacts, and recent technological advancements that can influence hearing aid adoption and reduce stigma. Methods: A narrative-focused review of the literature from peer-reviewed journals and reputable sources was conducted, analyzing papers on hearing aid stigma, adoption rates, and technological solutions. The research works were categorized based on their focus on the drivers and alleviation strategies for the stigma of hearing aids. Results: This review identifies stigma as a complex, multifaceted issue driven primarily by ageism, disability perception, and the association of hearing aids with aging and incapability. Despite technological improvements, the studies surveyed listed stigma as a major factor in non-adoption. Technological advancements such as artificial intelligence in sound processing, multifunctional features, and innovative design have shown potential in reducing stigma and improving user experience. Conclusions: Alleviating the stigma of hearing aids requires a multi-pronged approach, combining improvements in technology with changes in societal perceptions. Multifunctional devices including both health and communications functions, advanced signal processing, and esthetic improvements can drive their adoption, but broader public health awareness and education are also essential to changing societal attitudes and fostering greater acceptance of hearing aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted T cell-redirecting immunotherapies, including Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and T-cell engagers have demonstrated remarkable success in treating relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells. However, a significant challenge is the severe side effects associated with T-cell overactivation, leading to cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity in MM patients undergoing such therapies. Bispecific NK cell engagers (NKCEs) may offer a promising alternative by redirecting NK cell cytotoxic activity towards tumor cells without triggering cytokine release syndrome. Methods: In this study, we designed a series of BCMA × CD16 NKCEs that simultaneously engage BCMA and CD16 on MM and NK cells, respectively. We evaluated the functionality of these NKCEs in vitro with respect to their molecular design. Results: Our results indicate that the format design of NKCEs influences their functionalities, underscoring the importance of format selection in optimizing NKCE-based therapies for MM. This study provides valuable insights for developing next-generation NKCEs and advancing therapeutic strategies for MM and potentially other malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify a strain of Bacillus sp. CHC-3 from the fresh feces of Yangshuihua native chickens in Meiling, Nanchang, and to evaluate its biological properties, safety, in vivo probiotic properties, and antagonistic capabilities against pathogenic bacteria. The results indicated that CHC-3 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, which exhibited strong tolerance to both acidic and alkaline conditions, with survival rates of 90.45% at pH 5.0 and 93.74% at pH 8.0. Additionally, it demonstrated significant resistance to bile salts, maintaining a survival rate of 87.69% at a bile salt concentration of 0.5%. CHC-3 also showed robust enzyme-producing activity, particularly in amylase production, and exhibited good adaptability in artificially simulated gastrointestinal fluid, surviving for 3 hours in simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid, with survival rates of 46.5% and 57.3%, respectively. The strain was sensitive to various antibiotics, including erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, vancomycin, and kanamycin, and it did not produce hemolysin. Furthermore, it had no significant adverse effects on the growth characteristics of chickens, but it could significantly increase the levels of IgG and IgM in chicken serum. CHC-3 exhibited a notable inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria in chickens, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zone diameters of 24.48 mm and 19.64 mm, respectively. These findings suggest that Bacillus subtilis CHC-3 possesses excellent probiotic properties, making it an ideal candidate for the development of high-efficiency microecological preparations derived from chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate patient-reported outcomes of patient expectations and fulfillment of expectations in alpine skiers who had a skiing accident and suffered a complex proximal tibial fracture (AO/OTA—Type B or C) which was treated surgically with open reduction and internal fixation. Methods: In this prospective study, 38 consecutive patients who suffered a complex tibial fracture (AO/OTA—Type B and C) caused by a skiing accident were evaluated. Before surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation, patient expectations were evaluated regarding outcomes on knee functionality (e.g., pain) and the return to skiing. At follow-up ≥ 1 year after surgery, an individualized questionnaire was used to evaluate whether their preoperatively formulated expectations had been fulfilled (rated 0–2). In addition, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and SF-12 was used. Results: Preoperatively, 76% (n = 29) of patients stated that it was "not so important" to be able to return to their initial skiing level, 50% (n = 19) of patients did not expect to be able to ski again, 34% (n = 13) expected to return to skiing at a significantly lower level, and 16% (n = 6) expected to return to skiing with minor restrictions at most. Postoperatively, the return to skiing rate on initial level was 32% (n = 12); 50% (n = 19) stated that their initial skiing level was not reached again but they were able to ski with moderate restrictions, 10% (n = 4) patients stated that no return to skiing was possible, 50% (n = 19) stated that their expectations were fully met, and n = 7 (18%) stated that their preoperative expectations were not met at all. The mean SF-12 physical component score (PCS) was 52, and the mean mental component score (MCS) was 49.9. The mean Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was 2.3. The mean KOOS for pain was 86.1 (SD 17.1), for symptoms 62.2 (SD 12.9), for ADL 90.7 (SD 14.4), for sports 74.2 (SD 25.7), and for quality of life (QOL) 66.6 (21.0). Conclusions: After suffering from a complex proximal tibial fracture (AO/OTA—Type B or C) in a skiing accident, preoperative patient expectations to return to skiing is limited. This patient-reported outcome of patient expectations was confirmed by the findings of the patient-reported fulfillment of expectations at least one year after surgery as only 32% of patients returned to their initial skiing level, 50% returned to skiing with limitations, and 50% of patients did not meet their preoperative expectations to return to alpine skiing. The results of this study emphasize the importance of directing patients towards realistic expectations by managing the patients' understanding of the severity of their injury and realistic outcomes, and providing realistic forecasts of postoperative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic exercise is recommended for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), although it could be complemented with other treatments such as dry needling (DN). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the resulting data on pain, functionality, strength and range of motion in subjects with knee osteoarthritis after being treated with a specific therapeutic physical exercise program alone or in combination with the DN technique in the popliteus muscle. Methods: A total of 33 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the dry needling plus therapeutic physical exercise group (n = 15) and the therapeutic physical exercise alone group (n = 18). Both groups received the same exercise protocol, and the dry-needling group conducted three sessions of this technique over 3 weeks. Results: Variables such as pain, functionality, neuropathic pain, stiffness, strength, range of motion, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia were evaluated before and after the intervention, as well as at a follow-up 3 months after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in pain intensity, stiffness, functionality, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The combination of dry needling targeting the popliteus muscle and therapeutic physical exercise showed better results in terms of pain, functionality and strength compared to therapeutic physical exercise alone, especially after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With massive coffee sales comes a detrimental environmental impact due to high disposable cup usage. This study examined how Starbucks portable cup design and environmental concerns shape green purchase intention by extending the TPB model. Structural analysis revealed that aesthetics, symbolism, functionality, and environmental concerns influenced consumer attitudes, contributing to purchase intention alongside perceived behavioral control and subjective norms within the TPB framework. Multigroup analysis found that symbolism has a stronger impact on females' attitudes, while functionality has a stronger impact on males' attitudes. Additionally, attitude mediated the effects of design and environmental concerns on green purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, there has been a promising increase in market trends toward plant proteins. This trend is expected to persist in coming years due to more sustainability, lower environmental footprints, and health benefits associated with plant proteins along with the recent surge in veganism. To meet market demand, plant-based proteins must compete with or outperform conventional animal proteins in terms of quality and functionality. However, plant proteins possess lower digestibility/solubility, lower water/oil holding capacity, and unfavorable emulsifying/foaming properties, which limit their bioavailability and functionality. The presence of anti-nutrients and non-digestible polysaccharides also results in lower quality, making it necessary to modify these properties through chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods. Food industries prefer physical and biological approaches over chemical approaches due to clean label demand and toxicity issues encountered while applying chemical methods. In this article, we investigate research progress in plant protein modification area using physical approaches comprising ultrasonication, pulse electric field, microwaves, extrusion, gamma irradiation, high-pressure processing, radiofrequency, and cold plasma. This review also highlights associated functionality challenges and summarizes recent studies in an attempt to improve plant protein functionality for obtaining multifunctional proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive and sudden deteriorations are the main reasons affecting the functionality of a transportation network. This paper presents a general probabilistic approach in which the ensembles of regression trees (ERT) are innovatively adopted to predict the life-cycle system reliability of asphalt pavements using Monte Carlo simulations, and pavement segments are considered with bridges in the analysis, prediction, and management of the functionality of transportation networks under both progressive and sudden deterioration due to multiple hazards. Four performance indicators of asphalt pavement subjected to multiple hazards were modeled using ERT trained with the Long-Term Pavement Performance database. The specific hazard types corresponding to each pavement performance indicator for the associated ERT model training were identified. The structural performance associated with bridge superstructures and substructures was analyzed by considering corrosion, traffic loading, and seismic hazards. The proposed approach is illustrated on an existing transportation network in Pennsylvania. The essential retrofitting timing, importance measure, and retrofitting priority associated with the individual component were investigated utilizing the calculated time-variant connectivity-based functionality and resilience associated with the network. The results demonstrate that asphalt pavements have a significant impact on the network functionality and should be considered in the postevent decision-making process of retrofitting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice flour (RF), a common rice product, has become an increasingly sought out ingredient for its blend flavor and gluten-free nature. However, the high concentration of native starch (> 80%) represents a technological challenge for its incorporation into food formulations, especially due to its low solubility, which may limit its food industry applications. This study shows the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice flour starch followed by optimized spray drying using protein-rich drying carriers (rice protein concentrate RPC, soy protein isolate SPI) to produce a novel, enhanced hydrolyzed rice-derived ingredient (HRI). For this, white RF suspension (25% w/v) was treated with α-amylase (70 °C, 30 min) and amyloglucosidase (50 °C, 30 min) to produce a hydrolyzed solution that was spray dried using a 33 Box-Behnken design to maximize solids recovery (%) and sugars recovery (%). Optimal conditions (10°Bx, 13.4% w/v carrier addition and 35.5:64.5% SPI:RPC) led to high solids (63.4%) and sugar recoveries (82.6%), indicative of an efficient spray drying process. Spray dried HRI showed low water activity (0.187 ± 0.001) and enhanced functional properties compared to unprocessed RF, including increased solubility (54.07 ± 0.85%), higher flowability and emulsifying attributes. Overall, we show a successful production protocol using industrially friendly techniques to obtain a novel rice-derived ingredient for food applications. These advancements pave the way for developing high-performance, stable rice starch-derived ingredients, driving innovation and expanding opportunities in food formulation and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing number of institutionalized older individuals worldwide stresses the need to evaluate the association between the functional profile of institutionalized older adults and their quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 19 residential facilities in Alentejo, Portugal. Between March and September 2023, all individuals aged ≥65 years were invited to complete a structured questionnaire (n = 1303). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and validated scales for the Portuguese older population were used. Linear regression and unconditional binary logistic models were computed. Results: The highest level of dependence was observed in the self-care dimension (mean (SD) = 2.93 (1.21)), with 40% of participants exhibiting levels of dependence requiring daily care or total replacement. QoL was inversely associated with functionality in all dimensions, as well as with severe or complete dependence, even after adjusting for sex, age and education. Participants with depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness were, respectively, three and two times more likely to be dependent on care (adjusted OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.80–7.52; adjusted OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.07–3.87). Conclusions: Public policies and interventions should include social and emotional support strategies alongside traditional medical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS), or adhesive capsulitis, is a disabling condition characterized by pain and restricted shoulder mobility. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between metabolic biomarkers—liver enzymes and thyroid function—and pain and shoulder functionality in patients with FS. Methods: A total of 32 patients (22 women and 10 men) were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants underwent clinical evaluations and blood tests to assess metabolic biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Pain and functionality were measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between biomarkers, pain, and functionality. Results: Significant negative correlations were found between AST (r = −0.528, p = 0.029), ALT (r = −0.533, p = 0.027), GGT (r = −0.602, p = 0.011), and TSH (r = −0.556, p = 0.017) with total pain scores. A significant negative correlation was also observed between TSH and SPADI scores (r = −0.511, p = 0.039). Multiple regression analysis showed that GGT (β = −0.335, p = 0.008) and TSH (β = −0.298, p = 0.014) were the strongest predictors of pain. These findings suggest that metabolic biomarkers, particularly liver enzymes and thyroid function, play a significant role in the pathophysiology of frozen shoulder. The results highlight the importance of assessing these biomarkers for better understanding and managing pain and functionality in patients with FS. Conclusions: Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel coatings are regarded as an ideal material for enhancing the health, safety, and environmental friendliness of the home environment, owing to their outstanding antifouling, flame-retardant, anticorrosive, and antibacterial properties. To fully exploit the performance advantages of hydrogel coatings in the domestic realm, this review comprehensively examines their preparation methods, the progress of modification research, and the application status in other fields. It is revealed that hydrogel coatings can not only offer benefits by dint of their inherent flame retardancy and oleophobicity but also encapsulate chemical substances within the porous structure of certain special hydrogel coatings, thereby augmenting their anticorrosive and antibacterial capabilities. Moreover, the favorable interface adhesion between hydrogel coatings and diverse substrates, along with extensive modification research, has furnished novel concepts for applications in the domestic domain, including but not limited to the multifunctional surface modification of soft furniture, kitchen and bathroom furniture, and children's furniture. The research findings demonstrate that hydrogel coatings hold substantial potential for enhancing the functionality and environmental sustainability of household products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar evaporation is a promising technology for sustainable clean water production. Solar evaporator is the key platform for interfacial solar evaporation processes. In this article, 3D solar evaporators and their functionalities are reviewed and summarized to guide further research, development, and applications of interfacial solar evaporation technologies. [Display omitted] Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) has emerged as a promising technology to alleviate global water scarcity via energy-efficient purification of both wastewater and seawater. While ISE was originally identified and developed during studies of simple double-layered two-dimensional (2D) evaporators, observed limitations in evaporation rate and functionality soon led to the development of three-dimensional (3D) evaporators, which is now recognized as one of the most pivotal milestones in the research field. 3D evaporators significantly enhance the evaporation rates beyond the theoretical limits of 2D evaporators. Furthermore, 3D evaporators could have multifaceted functionalities originating from various functional evaporation surfaces and 3D structures. This review summarizes recent advances in 3D evaporators, focusing on rational design, fabrication and energy nexus of 3D evaporators, and the derivative functions for improving solar evaporation performance and exploring novel applications. Future research prospects are also proposed based on the in-depth understanding of the fundamental aspects of 3D evaporators and the requirements for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAI-based learning systems are transforming education in academic and corporate settings, with global spending on AI-enabled training expected to exceed $200 billion by 2025. This study examines how these systems enhance learning outcomes for college students and employees, focusing on system functionality, self-efficacy, familiarity, and social influence. Using structural equation modeling with data from 598 participants (258 students, 340 employees), findings reveal that familiarity positively impacts self-efficacy and learning outcomes across both groups, while social influence varies. Students benefit from media-rich environments, while employees gain from job-relevant content and supervisor influence. System functionality enhances self-efficacy and participation motivation, but self-efficacy's direct effect on learning outcomes is significant only for employees. These results highlight the need to tailor AI-based systems to user profiles. Limitations include reliance on self-reported data and specific learning contexts. Future research should incorporate objective measures of learning outcomes and explore additional factors like teaching strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locally produced fish hydrolysate and oil from the agrifood sector comprises a sustainable solution both to the problem of fish waste disposal and to the petfood sector with potential benefits for the animal's health. This study evaluated the effects of the dietary replacement of mainly imported shrimp hydrolysate (5%) and salmon oil (3%; control diet) with locally produced fish hydrolysate (5%) and oil (3.2%) obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) on systemic inflammation markers, adipokines levels, cardiac function and fecal microbiota of adult dogs. Samples and measurements were taken from a feeding trial conducted according to a crossover design with two diets (control and experimental diets), six adult Beagle dogs per diet and two periods of 6 weeks each. The experimental diet, with higher docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids contents, decreased plasmatic triglycerides and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, also tending to decrease total cholesterol. No effects of diet were observed on serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-12/IL-23 p40, and of the serum levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. Blood pressure, heart rate and echocardiographic measurements were similar between diets with the only exception of left atrial to aorta diameter ratio that was higher in dogs fed the experimental diet, but without clinical relevance. Diet did not significantly affect fecal immunoglobulin A concentration. Regarding fecal microbiome, Megasphaera was the most abundant genus, followed by Bifidobacterium , Fusobacterium , and Prevotella , being the relative abundances of Fusobacterium and Ileibacterium genera positively affected by the experimental diet. Overall, results from the performed short term trial suggest that shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil can be replaced by protein hydrolysate and oil from fish by-products without affecting systemic inflammatory markers, cardiac structure and function, but potentially benefiting bacterial genera associated with healthy microbiome. Considering the high DHA and EPA contents and the antioxidant properties of fish oil and hydrolysate, it would be worthwhile in the future to assess their long-term effects on inflammatory markers and their role in spontaneous canine cardiac diseases and to perform metabolomic and metagenomics analysis to elucidate the relevance of microbiota changes in the gut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudocereal proteins are attracting lot of attention due to the presence of high-quality essential amino acids. However, due to their limited functional profile, commercial use of these crucial protein sources is still a long way off which restricts their application in a number of food products. From a technological viewpoint, protein functional characteristics are very critical. Modification approaches alter the conformational characteristics of proteins and can impart desirable functional properties particularly required in different food systems. Knowledge about the functionality, structure and modification of pseudocereal proteins is very scarce. Herein, this review aims to provide an up-to-date information about the functionality and latest approaches used to alter the conformation which in turn can enhance the functionality of pseudocereal proteins thereby increasing their potential use in a number of food products. The research summarized in this review reveals that different modificational approaches like physical, chemical and enzymatic have subsequently altered the conformational characteristics followed by denaturation of different pseudocereal proteins which in turn have significantly improved their physicochemical, functional and nutritional characteristics of these proteins. Pseudocereal proteins having essential amino acid profile coupled with improved functional properties can be used in place of animal and cereal proteins in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to utilize the waste generated from Bullseye (Priacanthus hamrur) fish processing to recuperate proteins. Considering the cost-effectiveness, versatility, and color improvement after the pH shift method, proteins from this waste were extracted by the pH shift method using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The properties of extracted proteins were studied in detail. During the protein solubility measurement, maximum solubilization was found at pH 3.0 (13.10 mg/mL) on the acidic side and pH 11.0 (14.25 mg/mL) on the alkaline side with a total yield of 51.62 ± 0.23 and 45.42 ± 0.29 (%), respectively. The process variables tested in this study showed a significant effect on protein solubility (p < 0.05). The protein content of the isolates extracted from the waste was 23.80 ± 0.49 and 22.48 ± 0.39% for acid and alkali processed isolates, which was significantly higher than the mince (19.46 ± 0.67%). pH shift processing of Bullseye proteins caused a significant reduction in its pigments, lipids, and myoglobin content (p < 0.05). Proteins extracted using alkali had significantly higher values for foaming stability, water holding capacity, and emulsion capacity than proteins extracted using acid. An overall assessment indicated that protein isolates obtained using alkali extraction were better in terms of textural attributes, gelling ability, and amino acid profile than protein isolates extracted using the acid process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Doppler ultrasound examination of blood vessels has a significant role in planning and identifying parameters that affect the functioning and maturation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Our goal was to determine the predictive parameters of Doppler ultrasound, measured at different time distances, which affect the maturation of AVF for hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: The research was a retrospective cohort study. The criteria for selecting patients in our study was the existence of information on ultrasound examinations of the lumen of blood vessels before the creation of AVF, as well as lumens of fistula conduits and blood flow measurements, at time intervals of 6–8 weeks and 2–4 months, after the creation of AVF, which we recorded in 105 patients. The respondents were divided into two groups: a group of patients with immature, and mature fistulas. Basic demographic data, clinical characteristics of the responders and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results: By comparing clinical and laboratory parameters between the group of subjects with and without AVF maturation, a statistically significant difference was determined between the lumen of the proximal radial vein (p = 0.008) and the lumen of the distal radial vein (p = 0.001). The diameter of the fistulous veins (p = 0.037), and the blood flow through the AVF 6–8 weeks (p = 0.001) and 2–4 months (p = 0.001) after its creation were statistically significantly higher in subjects with mature fistulas. By univariate regression analysis, brachial vein (p = 0.04), proximal (p = 0.011) and distal radial artery (p = 0.001), fistula vein, after 6–8 weeks (p = 0.002), blood flow through AVF 6–8 weeks (p = 0.001) and 2–4 months (p = 0.001) after AVF creation, are statistically significant parameters. Predictive parameters of AVF maturation are AVF blood flow after 6–8 weeks (p = 0.010) and AVF blood flow after 2–4 months (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our research confirmed that greater the blood flow through AVF, at time intervals of 6–8 weeks and 2–4 months after creation, the better the maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation strategies vary between adults and children. Femoral approach is common in adults and extremity morbidity is well-documented. Aside from limb ischemia, complications in children are theorized and have yet to be studied. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate implications of pediatric femoral cannulation. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective review of children <21 years, undergoing femoral venoarterial (VA) or venovenous (VV) cannulation between 2015 and 2022. The primary outcome was incidence of lower extremity complications on ECMO (groin hematoma/hemorrhage, vascular thrombosis, North-South syndrome, compartment syndrome, limb loss). Secondary outcome was incidence of post-decannulation extremity complications (pseudoaneurysm, surgical site infection, vascular thrombosis, motor/sensory deficits). Results: 29 children were cannulated via femoral approach. Most required VA support (89%). Common sites were right femoral artery (70.8%) and right femoral vein (56%). 18 patients (75%) had distal reperfusion cannulas (DPC) placed. Short-term lower extremity complication rate was 59%, most frequently groin hematoma/hemorrhage (30%) and North-South syndrome (19%). Compartment syndrome occurred in 3 patients (11%), though none suffered digit/limb loss. There were no significant differences in complications between cannulation approach (open vs percutaneous) or vessel laterality (ipsilateral vs contralateral). Of those decannulated (n = 15), median ECMO duration was 8 days. Following decannulation, 20% suffered pseudoaneurysm. Ten (63%) experienced ipsilateral motor weakness which resolved in 50% of patients at 1-month follow-up; 20% suffered sensory deficits all resolving by discharge. Conclusion: Approximately one third of children who underwent femoral cannulation suffered groin hematoma/hemorrhage and nearly 20% experienced North-South syndrome. Following decannulation, most had extremity weakness while sensory deficits were rarer. This marked risk of extremity morbidity prompts proactive inpatient monitoring and close surveillance after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In recent years, the markets for plant‐based products and plant protein have experienced a remarkable global expansion. The demand for plant‐based products, ranging from meat substitutes and dairy alternatives to plant‐based snacks and beverages, has surged exponentially. Soy protein, among all the plant protein resources, held a significant market share in the plant‐based industry, reflecting its popularity and widespread use. The selection of an appropriate soy fractionation process is essential for the development of cleaner and more sustainable soy‐based food products. This study compared three different soy protein fractions (SPFs) obtained through mild fractionation processes, each with unique chemical compositions and functionalities. Aqueous ethanol washing process resulted in the fractions with the highest protein purity and water holding capacity, while the simplified aqueous extraction method coupled with either an alkaline solubilisation step (SAE‐Alkaline) or an acid precipitation step (SAE‐Acid) yielded protein fractions with superior solubility, thermal stability, and gel strength. The choice of fractionation route has significant implications for the production of protein‐rich ingredients, and prioritising sustainable processing methods can contribute to the development of innovative and environmentally friendly soy‐based foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-earthquake recovery simulation is crucial for resilient community planning, and different interconnected factors are required to be considered holistically. To identify the key infrastructural characteristics affecting the recovery of densely populated urban residential communities (URCs) in China, a comprehensive methodology for resilience assessment and analysis is established on a systematic integration of multiple analysis tools (e.g. population-based functionality indicators, post-earthquake recovery simulations, and infrastructural dependence analyses). The methodology can consider the dependence among residential buildings, supporting buildings, and utility networks, as well as the relationships between their functionalities and resident outmigration; it also includes infrastructural repair sequences to allow flexible repair plans to be simulated. A case study is employed to conduct a factor analysis to clarify the impacts of three important infrastructural characteristics. Results show that improvements on the seismic performance of residential buildings facilitate recovery more significantly than utility networks, and the use of redundant utility pipelines can hardly impact the recovery of URCs. In long-term community recoveries, utility networks play more important role due to the cascading effects arising from the extension of repair durations. The proposed methodology can promote the understanding of community recovery, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of identifying key factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By integrating Herbert Simon's theory of artifact and Brian Arthur's concept of functionality in technology, we propose a novel conceptual framework for analyzing the process by which shadow options embedded in a firm's existing technologies emerge and are converted into real options. We apply this framework to examine the shadow options of Corning's photosensitive glass technologies. The core of our model is that technologies subsume options, most of which are shadow because they refer to functions of those resources that were unknown when they were originally acquired or created. Shadow options are hidden in functionalities. Functionalities and functions are relational entities that exist at the interface between an artifact's inner and outer environments. The transformation of shadow into real options occurs along a continuum, with two distinct types represented at its extremes: the Schumpeterian and Kirznerian types. We examine organizational attributes that enable Schumpeterian and Kirznerian shadow options and explain how firms can systematically pursue an innovation strategy that exploits the shadow options embedded in their technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of dentalTarget is the property of dentalTarget and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)