124 results on '"FARM HOUSEHOLDS"'
Search Results
2. COVID-19 pandemic, household welfare and diversification strategies of smallholder farmers in Uganda.
- Author
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Osabuohien, Evans S., Karakara, Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel, and Iddrisu, Abdul Malik
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,PROPENSITY score matching ,AGRICULTURE ,FARM risks ,FARMERS - Abstract
Agricultural activities in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are subject to various risk factors that the COVID-19 compounds. Earlier studies on the effect of COVID-19 on smallholders neglect the issue of comparison with non-farm households. The study uses micro-level household datasets to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household welfare, with a focus on farm households relative to their non-farm counterparts. We employed a binary probit model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach and demonstrated that farm households witnessed important income reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. The study contributes to the design of evidence-based approaches to reducing farmers' vulnerabilities to agricultural risks and pandemic-related shocks. Article highlights: Farm households witnessed significant income reductions during the COVID-19 period in Uganda. Most common coping strategies adopted by households amid the COVID-19 crisis were reliance on savings, and reducing food consumption. The study offers suggestions in designing evidence-based approaches to reducing farmers' vulnerabilities to agricultural or pandemic-related shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Price and Non‐Price Factors in Development of Rice Cultivation: Case Studies From Southern India and Mekong‐Delta Vietnam.
- Author
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Johnson, Deepak and Kurosaki, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL policy , *AGRICULTURAL prices , *PRICES , *FARM income , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
The high rice prices of 2023 have highlighted the need for increasing rice productivity. But improving productivity, especially in low‐performing rice‐producing regions, should also improve incomes for the numerous smallholder cultivators. This article examines what we can learn from the experience of high‐performing rice‐growing regions, which have both high rice yields and incomes. We focus on two best‐performing villages from Kerala, southern India and Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Using a detailed case study approach combining farm budget analysis, counterfactual simulations using agricultural household models, and qualitative insights, our analysis shows the contribution of price support, irrigation, and agricultural research in these two regions to the current situation. While price support was the prominent factor in Keralaʼs village, irrigation and extending the cropping intensity was important for farm incomes in the Mekong Delta village. This comparative analysis demonstrates the need for an ongoing evaluation of price and non‐price factors and supplementing farm incomes through specific interventions for developing low‐performing rice‐producing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 乡村旅游发展对农户收入流动性的影响研究 ——基于CFPS的经验数据.
- Author
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吴志才 and 熊 娇
- Subjects
AGRITOURISM ,INCOME ,RURAL development ,FARM income ,SLUM tourism ,RURAL tourism ,RURAL housing - Abstract
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- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. COVID-19 pandemic, household welfare and diversification strategies of smallholder farmers in Uganda
- Author
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Evans S. Osabuohien, Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara, and Abdul Malik Iddrisu
- Subjects
Agricultural risk ,COVID-19 pandemic ,Farm households ,Welfare ,Africa ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Agricultural activities in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are subject to various risk factors that the COVID-19 compounds. Earlier studies on the effect of COVID-19 on smallholders neglect the issue of comparison with non-farm households. The study uses micro-level household datasets to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household welfare, with a focus on farm households relative to their non-farm counterparts. We employed a binary probit model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach and demonstrated that farm households witnessed important income reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. The study contributes to the design of evidence-based approaches to reducing farmers’ vulnerabilities to agricultural risks and pandemic-related shocks.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Does contract farming participation promote household’s food security for smallholders? Empirical evidence from Indonesia
- Author
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Ni Putu Sumartini and Rus’an Nasrudin
- Subjects
contract farming ,food security ,farm households ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
Contract farming has been extensively adopted as a strategy to overcome limitations in the market and enhance the well-being of farmers. Nevertheless, the extent to which it affects food security has not been sufficiently examined and is uncertain. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the impact of contract farming on food security in Indonesia. To fill the existing research gap, this study employs propensity score matching (PSM) to mitigate selection bias in examining the impact of contract farming on the food security of smallholder farm households in Indonesia. It utilizes the 2021 Indonesia Agricultural Integrated Survey (SITASI) data, designed to monitor the indicators of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the agriculture sector. The food insecurity experience scale (FIES) is used to measure food security. Our research shows that contract farming can potentially improve the food security of smallholder farm households in Indonesia. However, the overall impact can be considered minor. Contract farming has the potential to enhance food security, but it may not be adequate as a standalone solution. A comprehensive strategy, complemented by related policies such as innovative farming practices, technology adoption, and income-generation measures, is essential. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that this beneficial effect is particularly prominent among farmers residing in rural areas, female farmers, and farmers who do not own land or livestock. It indicates that contract farming can be a feasible tool for poverty alleviation, rural development, and woman empowerment. This study also found that factors such as location, market access, credit availability, gender, education, and exposure to agricultural training influenced contract farming participation.
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- 2024
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7. What role does information capacity play in the tourism livelihood of farm households in ethnic villages?
- Author
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Zhou, Huiling, Long, Guanlin, Lu, Lu, Jiang, Yajun, and Wu, Ke
- Subjects
AGRITOURISM ,HOUSEHOLDS ,HUMAN capital ,VILLAGES ,SOCIAL capital ,NATURAL capital ,FARMS - Abstract
Tourism livelihood has become an essential livelihood decision for people to get rid of poverty. Under the background of the internet era, it is of great significance to study how ethnic village farm households can participate in tourism livelihood with the help of information capacity. Applying the Resource Orchestration Theory and taking Guolan Yao Village in Jiangyong County of Hunan Province as an example, this paper uses binary logistic regression model and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the mechanism of farm households' information capacity affecting their tourism livelihood. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in addition to financial capital, other livelihood capital and information capacity have a significant impact on farm households' participation in tourism livelihood. Secondly, when financial capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can unite with human capital, social capital, natural capital or physical capital to make up for the non-existent defect of financial capital and help realize tourism livelihood. Thirdly, when human capital is lacking, farm households in ethnic villages with information capacity can make up for the absence of human capital by combining natural capital, financial capital and social capital to help realize tourism livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Dynamics of Urbanization and Its Effects on Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Adama City and Adama Rural District, Ethiopia.
- Author
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DADI, Wakitole, SIMIE, Negussie, and MULUGETA, Messay
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *URBAN growth , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *FARMS , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Rapid urbanization in cities brings about both opportunities and challenges for national development. This study focuses on investigating the dynamics of urbanization and its impact on livelihoods using land use/land cover change in Adama City, located in the Oromia Regional State. Various datasets from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), including Landsat Thematic Mapper (LTM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETH +), and Operational Land Imager (OLI), were utilized. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing tools were employed to extract relevant information from these datasets for years from 1986 to 2022. In addition, findings pertain to the impact of urbanization on income diversification and the overall welfare of farm households near Adama City was aligned with the study. The findings reveal that built-up areas and agricultural land exhibit the most significant changes over the examined period. However, these changes occur in opposite directions. The built-up area has experienced a substantial increase of 60% from 1986 to 2022, while agricultural land has decreased by 40% during the same timeframe. The conversion of farmland to built-up areas negatively impacts farm households by reducing farming activities and increasing reliance on non-farm activities, resulting in lower consumption expenditures for rural households near urban areas compared to those farther from the urban center. The result underscores the need for policies that promote appropriate land management and a well-planned urbanization process to ensure sustainable urban development. Furthermore, it is vital to enhance understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban growth and its impacts on farm households residing near urban areas. By addressing these issues, sustainable food security and poverty reduction objectives can be better achieved in peri-urban areas of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Determinants of Livelihood Diversification of Farm Households in Rural India: Evidence From National Sample Survey.
- Author
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Kumari, Ruma and Ramana Murthy, R. V.
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURE , *HOUSEHOLDS , *FARM income , *FARMS , *INCOME , *RURAL poor - Abstract
The lives of rural households are predominantly based on agriculture and its allied activities. However, there are signs of an agricultural crisis resulting in dependence on alternative sources of income. This paper analyzes the factors that influence the decision of farm households to participate in non-farm activities for alternative income. The official data for two years on the Situation Assessment Survey of Agricultural Households are explored and a pooled probit regression model is run to examine the determinants of income diversification. Our findings reveal that farm income and irrigated land negatively influence diversification. However, diversification of those having lower access to farm holdings, socioeconomic deprivation, and improved access to education, informal credit, and crop insurance point out positive participation in non-farm enterprises. In addition, the population belonging to hilly and coastal plain regions and the age group 30–64 years are more likely to diversify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. An analysis of tax benefits by race and ethnicity for farm households.
- Author
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McDonald, Tia M. and Durst, Ron
- Subjects
TAX benefits ,RACE ,ETHNICITY ,HOUSEHOLDS ,FARMERS ,BUSINESS tax - Abstract
This research simulates the impact on tax liabilities of five tax provisions that provide benefits to farm households by race and ethnicity. Using pooled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (2017–2021), we find that, relative to White non‐Hispanic principal operator farm households, certain business tax benefits are less prevalent and of lower value for Hispanic, African American, and Native American principal operator farm households due to differences in income and investment levels. Household tax credits are significantly higher for Hispanic and Native American principal operator farm households and Asian principal operator farm households have significantly higher total tax benefits from the five provisions examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Price and Non‐Price Factors in Development of Rice Cultivation: Case Studies From Southern India and Mekong‐Delta Vietnam
- Author
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Deepak Johnson and Takashi Kurosaki
- Subjects
agricultural policy ,agricultural research ,farm households ,India ,price support ,rice cultivation ,Political science ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The high rice prices of 2023 have highlighted the need for increasing rice productivity. But improving productivity, especially in low‐performing rice‐producing regions, should also improve incomes for the numerous smallholder cultivators. This article examines what we can learn from the experience of high‐performing rice‐growing regions, which have both high rice yields and incomes. We focus on two best‐performing villages from Kerala, southern India and Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Using a detailed case study approach combining farm budget analysis, counterfactual simulations using agricultural household models, and qualitative insights, our analysis shows the contribution of price support, irrigation, and agricultural research in these two regions to the current situation. While price support was the prominent factor in Keralaʼs village, irrigation and extending the cropping intensity was important for farm incomes in the Mekong Delta village. This comparative analysis demonstrates the need for an ongoing evaluation of price and non‐price factors and supplementing farm incomes through specific interventions for developing low‐performing rice‐producing regions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Power positions in the farm family, marrying in, and negative peer pressure: the social relations that impact agricultural practice
- Author
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Wicklow, Dagmar and Shortall, Sally
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Distance to commercial banks and farm household asset accumulation
- Author
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McDonald, Tia M., Miller, Noah, and Thiam, Fatou
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. The Digital Divide and Poverty in Developing Countries: Evidence from Farm Households in Niger
- Author
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Djibo, Ousmane and Malam, Maman Nafiou
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Armed conflicts and household food insecurity: Effects and mechanisms.
- Author
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Kafando, Wendata A. and Sakurai, Takeshi
- Subjects
WAR ,FOOD security ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,HOUSEHOLDS ,FARM income - Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the effects of armed conflict on household dietary diversity, food security, and nutritional outcomes, the underlying pathways remain underexplored. A better understanding of these mechanisms could unpack the subsequent effects of conflict‐induced food insecurity and oft‐reported nutritional shortcoming, as well as identify which policy interventions hold promise. We study the effects of terrorist violence in Burkina Faso on household dietary diversity, as proxied by food consumption scores (FCS), and investigate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, we combine nationally representative 5‐years panel data on households with spatial conflict data. We find negative and significant effects of conflict intensity on household food consumption scores. The decline in household FCS is a result of significant decreased dietary diversity in both food production and purchases. Although households in rural areas partially offset these reductions by food assistance, those reliant solely on farming as livelihoods remain the most affected. Further investigations show evidence that per‐capita farm income and food expenditure are pathways linking the intensity of armed conflict to reduced FCS in food purchases, whereas reduced dietary diversity in food production results from decline in crop production. Additional specification tests support our main findings, offering insights that can help policymakers faced with similar scaled‐armed conflicts. For instance, conflict‐sensitive interventions aimed at supporting crop production and farm income for affected households could effectively improve their dietary diversity and overall food security in a post‐conflict environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Dynamics of Urbanization and Its Effects on Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Adama City and Adama Rural District, Ethiopia
- Author
-
Wakitole DADI, Negussie SIMIE, and Messay MULUGETA
- Subjects
Agricultural land ,built-up area ,farm households ,landsat images ,urbanization ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Rapid urbanization in cities brings about both opportunities and challenges for national development. This study focuses on investigating the dynamics of urbanization and its impact on livelihoods using land use/land cover change in Adama City, located in the Oromia Regional State. Various datasets from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), including Landsat Thematic Mapper (LTM), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETH[Formula: see text]), and Operational Land Imager (OLI), were utilized. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing tools were employed to extract relevant information from these datasets for years from 1986 to 2022. In addition, findings pertain to the impact of urbanization on income diversification and the overall welfare of farm households near Adama City was aligned with the study. The findings reveal that built-up areas and agricultural land exhibit the most significant changes over the examined period. However, these changes occur in opposite directions. The built-up area has experienced a substantial increase of 60% from 1986 to 2022, while agricultural land has decreased by 40% during the same timeframe. The conversion of farmland to built-up areas negatively impacts farm households by reducing farming activities and increasing reliance on non-farm activities, resulting in lower consumption expenditures for rural households near urban areas compared to those farther from the urban center. The result underscores the need for policies that promote appropriate land management and a well-planned urbanization process to ensure sustainable urban development. Furthermore, it is vital to enhance understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban growth and its impacts on farm households residing near urban areas. By addressing these issues, sustainable food security and poverty reduction objectives can be better achieved in peri-urban areas of the region.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of food price changes on child undernutrition among agricultural households in Nigeria
- Author
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Dare Akerele, Olusegun Fadare, Adebayo Ogunniyi, Olutayo Adeyemi, and Mistura Rufai
- Subjects
Food inflation ,Chronic malnutrition ,Acute malnutrition ,Farm households ,Africa ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This study examines the effects of changing food prices on the nutritional outcomes of children under five years old in Nigeria, utilising data from the 2013 and 2016 Nigeria Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). We applied correlated random-effects probit and fixed-effects regression models to analyse the data. Results indicate an increase in stunting and decreases in wasting and underweight conditions among children over the years studied. Specifically, higher prices for fish, eggs, beef, rice, and cooking oil have a significant association with increased stunting, while increases in the prices of maize and garri are associated with greater wasting. Underweight increase with higher prices of milk, maize, and rice. In contrast, modest increases in yam and beans prices have not exacerbated undernutrition. The study also highlights the importance of household income growth and women's involvement in financial decisions in reducing child undernutrition. We advocate for agriculture-led, nutrition-sensitive policies that address the high costs of animal proteins and staples such as rice, maize, and garri, while monitoring and carefully regulating upticks in the prices of yam and beans.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Analysis of the determinants of food insecurity among agricultural households in Burkina Faso.
- Author
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Noufé, Tiatité and Ky, Habi
- Subjects
FOOD security ,FOOD chemistry ,AGRICULTURE ,HOUSEHOLDS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
This paper investigates the determinants of food insecurity among agricultural households in Burkina Faso. We use balanced panel data of 232 agricultural households over the period 2014–2016. We measure households' food security using food consumption scores. The results of the logit model estimations show that high dependency ratio and low educational attainment of the household head are the main factors that increase the probability of household being food insecure. Also, households headed by the elderly (70 years and older) are more likely to be food insecure. In contrast, household income and social capital contribute to reducing the likelihood of being food insecure. These results suggest that a particular emphasis should be placed on strengthening the capacity of household heads by designing specific training programs that meet their needs, strengthening their social capital and reducing the number of inactive persons to reduce food insecurity in agricultural households in Burkina Faso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Exploring within- and between-effects of the factors influencing off-farm work decisions in Switzerland
- Author
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Dierk Schmid, Swetlana Renner, and Daniel Hoop
- Subjects
farm households ,heterogeneity ,labour allocation ,off-farm labour supply ,panel data model ,within-between model ,Agriculture - Abstract
We examine the determinants of off-farm work in Swiss agriculture between 2003 and 2013. By differentiating between the between-farm effects and the within-farm effects, our model provides new insights into the labour allocation process as compared with standard cross-sectional or panel data models. As regards the between-farm variations, our results show that younger farm families without children and farm households with higher non-agricultural education levels of both the farmer and the partner are more involved in working activities outside the farm. However, the within-farm time effects provided a more differentiated picture: impacts of changes in most variables over time tended to be smaller, and in case of two variables show opposite directions. In addition to a negative between-effect of farm income on the allocation of off-farm labour, our results on within-farm effects suggest that an increase in farm income per annual family work unit could be compatible with a higher share of off-farm work during the analysed period.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Epidemiological and economic consequences of lumpy skin disease outbreaks on farm households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Author
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Shahab E. Saqib, Muhammad Yaseen, Supawan Visetnoi, Sikandar, and Shoukat Ali
- Subjects
farm households ,livestock ,economic losses ,economic effect ,livelihood impact ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The livestock sector plays a crucial role in sustaining the livelihoods of millions of families across the world, especially in developing countries. However, farming households that rely on agriculture and livestock are particularly susceptible to the impacts of various infectious diseases and natural disasters. This study focuses on estimating the economic burden imposed on households by lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Pakistan and explores the effect of various socioeconomic factors on mortality ratio. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 406 farmers and were analyzed through descriptive statistics to calculate the monetary losses. In addition, the study employed fractional probit regression to identify factors affecting mortality ratio. The results demonstrate significant economic impacts of LSD on farm households in Pakistan, leading to direct and indirect losses and reduced milk productivity. Exotic cows were found to be more susceptible to mortality compared to indigenous cows. The study also found that farmers’ education, experience, household income per month, vaccination, domestic-commercial, commercial animals, and access to information were negatively associated with mortality. The findings of this study emphasize the need for preventative measures such as affordable vaccines, treatment, and improved livestock health and welfare to mitigate the negative effects of LSD on farmers’ income and the local economy.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Do factors of farm size sustenance determine food consumption status of rural farm households? Evidence from southern Ghana
- Author
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Godwin Seyram Agbemavor Horlu, Kenneth Fafa Egbadzor, and Jones Akuaku
- Subjects
Farm sizes ,Food consumption ,Farm households ,external shocks ,rural Ghana ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
AbstractWe examined factors that influence farm size sustenance and food consumption status of rural farm households. We used survey data comprising a sample size of 390 households. The study employed quantile and ordered logistic models to estimate the impacts of farm sustenance indicators on farm size cultivated and food consumption, respectively. We found that farm size is influenced positively by input expenditures, household sizes, types of crops, farm credits and subsidies. Besides, lack of farm labour adversely affected farm sizes of some categories of farmers. Besides, increasing farm input expenditures, lack of labour, farm credits and subsidies reduce the food consumption status of the households. We recommend that policymakers consider an integrated approach to farm sustenance and specific segregated attention to the individual categories of food consumption status of farm households. These could be achieved through the provision of farm credits and subsidies among other factors that sustain farm sizes and food consumption of the households.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Dietary diversity, nutritional status, and agricultural commercialization: evidence from adult men of rural farm households
- Author
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Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin, Idris Akanbi Ayinde, Rahman Akintayo Sanusi, and Oluseye Olusegun Onabanjo
- Subjects
Farm households ,Malnutrition ,Dietary diversity ,Adult men ,Nigeria ,Body mass index (BMI) ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Access to healthy and affordable diet hinged on the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 2, higher productivity and, economic prosperity while it is difficult for a poorly nourished people to achieve optimum production of goods and services. This study assessed whether dietary diversity (DD) and nutritional status of adult men are associated with crop commercialization index (CCI) levels of agricultural households in two states of Southwestern Nigeria. This research utilized 352 farm households, comprising 277 adult male members. The individual version of dietary diversity score (DDS) of 9 food groups was used to calculate adult men’s DDS over a 24-h recall. Anthropometric data was obtained using body mass index (BMI) while CCI levels was estimated for each agricultural household. Logistic regression and ordered logit models were used to examine the determinants of adult men’s dietary diversity and nutritional status respectively. Hundred percent of adult men consumed starchy staples, with 11.2% consuming egg, 5.8% milk and milk products and 0.4% consuming organ meat over 24-h recall. Adult men of CCI 2 and CCI 4 agricultural households recorded overweight prevalence of >20% in Ogun state while the association between DDS and CCI was statistically insignificant suggesting that being a member of any of the CCI households may not guarantee the consumption of healthy diets among adult men. From Logit regression analysis, it is more likely for adult men with higher farm size to attain the minimum DDS of 4 food groups than those with smaller size of farmland (OR = 4.78; 95% CI: 1.94, 11.76; p = 0.001). The age, farm experience, and cassava marketing experience were positively related to the likelihood of obtaining the minimum DDS. For adult men to achieve a healthy diet, their diet pattern must incorporate a more diversified intake of food from different food groups capable of improving their nutritional status. This study emphasized the need for relevant stakeholders to provide adequate nutrition knowledge intervention programmes capable of improving the diets and nutrition of adult men and other members of farm households.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Crop-insurance adoption and impact on farm households’ well-being in India: evidence from a panel study.
- Author
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Biswal, Dinamani and Bahinipati, Chandra Sekhar
- Abstract
Abstract Despite several benefits, the crop insurance adoption rate is observed as low in India. Numerous studies have, therefore, enquired about the reason behind low adoption, and further, a few cross-section studies have estimated its impact on farmers’ well-being, and the findings are mixed in nature. Using data from both rounds of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), i.e. 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, this study aims to identify the major determinants of adoption and to evaluate its impact on farm households’ well-being. In the case of the former, we find the major determinants, namely, education of the household head, livestock ownership, outstanding debt, landholding, membership in credit groups, access to several government benefits, and previously experienced disasters. Employing a difference-in-difference (DID) model for the latter, we observe that crop insurance improves farmers’ well-being, i.e. per-capita consumption expenditure was 12–28% more for the insured farmers between 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Hence, this study advocates for further scaling up crop insurance adoption in India as it supports the farmers to diversify risks and smoothening consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Exploring within- and between-effects of the factors influencing off-farm work decisions in Switzerland.
- Author
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SCHMID, DIERK, RENNER, SWETLANA, and HOOP, DANIEL
- Subjects
- *
RURAL children , *ALLOCATION (Accounting) , *FARM income , *PANEL analysis , *RURAL families - Abstract
We examine the determinants of off-farm work in Swiss agriculture between 2003 and 2013. By differentiating between the between-farm effects and the within-farm effects, our model provides new insights into the labour allocation process as compared with standard cross-sectional or panel data models. As regards the between-farm variations, our results show that younger farm families without children and farm households with higher non-agricultural education levels of both the farmer and the partner are more involved in working activities outside the farm. However, the within-farm time effects provided a more differentiated picture: impacts of changes in most variables over time tended to be smaller, and in case of two variables show opposite directions. In addition to a negative between-effect of farm income on the allocation of off-farm labour, our results on within-farm effects suggest that an increase in farm income per annual family work unit could be compatible with a higher share of off-farm work during the analysed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Unveiling the Food and Income Insecurity among Farm Households of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
- Author
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Ravi, S. C., Mishra, Maneesh, Jaiswal, Rohit, Roy, Arnab, Dubey, Shantanu Kumar, and Damodaran, T.
- Subjects
FOOD security ,AGRICULTURE ,MACHINE learning ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,HOUSEHOLDS ,FOOD preferences - Abstract
The study was conducted during 2022-23 to assess the level of food insecurity and income status among farm households. Data from 474 farmers through personal interview method were collected. Agriculture was the primary occupation for most households followed by off-farm activities. Average per capita annual income (Rs. 1,00,073) was lower than the national average. The per capita annual income was Rs. 73,303, Rs. 93,256 and Rs. 1,44,456 for marginal, small, and medium farmers, respectively. About 47 per cent of the expenditure was made on consumption. A comparison of calorie intake to recommended calorie intake indicated that food insecurity was prevailing among 26 percent of the farmers. The major contribution to calorie intake was from cereals, the consumption of vegetables and fruits was low. A decision tree model using machine learning algorithms was used to identify the factors influencing food security. Per capita income, family size, consumption expenditure, social participation, and land holdings had significant importance in classifying the households as food secure and insecure. Diversifying farm activities and creating additional opportunities in rural areas, teaching households about balanced diets, promoting home gardening, and institutional policies to improve food security may be the strategic points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Nutrition, multidimensional poverty and income: The case of Nepal.
- Author
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Yang, Fan and Paudel, Krishna P.
- Subjects
INCOME ,STANDARD of living ,POVERTY ,NUTRITION ,NUTRITION education - Abstract
This study aims to assess the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of farm households in Nepal and investigate the influence of various forms of livelihood capital on their income. The calculation of MPI incorporates the nutrition dimension along with health, education, and living standards using the Alkire‐Foster method. The results show that farm households in Nepal face severe multidimensional poverty (MPI = 0.433, using poverty cut‐off criterion = 0.3). The incidence of income poverty for Nepali farm households is around 20%, which indicates that income‐based poverty may mask the true poverty of farm households in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sustainability of Colonist Land Uses in the Amazon: A Demo-Livelihoods Perspective.
- Author
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Barbieri, Alisson F.
- Abstract
Amazon, the largest global tropical forest, is central to counterbalance the effects of climate change. However, the extant literature has not fully explained the effects of demographic changes on land use and livelihoods sustainability that reconciles production and conservation. Using a case study of 28 years in the Brazilian Amazon, this article provided novel empirical evidences on the co-evolution of household demographic dynamics (composition and life cycles), land use and livelihoods as depicted by the demo-livelihoods theoretical framework. Methods of analysis involve the combination of exploratory (descriptive, cluster and correlation) and a multivariate hazard model. The results validated the demo-livelihoods theory and showed that livelihoods adaptation over time involves diversification combining perennials and cattle ranching, land consolidation and off-farm strategies (remittances, wage labor, cash transfers). These strategies are conditioned by demographic dynamics. Households are less likely to diversify livelihoods with annual crops due to unsustainable environmental conditions and costs associated with land intensification and market accessibility. While diversification historically occur at the expense of primary forest, household ageing may create a momentum to limit deforestation and allows the future incorporation of plot-based natural capital as a source of diversified, sustainable land uses and livelihoods for carbon emissions and bioeconomy markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Impact of Agricultural Factor Inputs, Cooperative-Driven on Grain Production Costs.
- Author
-
Zhang, Han and Wu, Dongli
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL costs ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL development ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,FOOD security ,GRAIN - Abstract
The problem of high grain production costs, which is not conducive to sustainable agricultural development and food security, is highlighted in the context of China's "large country and small household farmers". Reducing the grain production costs through factor allocation and organizational drive has become particularly important. Based on 768-grain peasant households in China, this paper uses OLS regression and robust regression to examine the effects of agricultural factor inputs and cooperatives on grain production costs. It analyzes the synergistic and substitution effects between farmers' factor inputs and cooperatives in grain production. It was found that: (1) in farmers' grain production, reductions in the grain production costs can be realized by expanding the area under cultivation, improving the use of agricultural machinery, and increasing technological inputs; (2) a reduction in the grain production costs can also be realized through cooperatives driving farmers into grain production; (3) cooperatives can provide farmers with various types of agricultural production services in grain production and cooperative-driven substitution effects between the agricultural factor inputs of farm households. The findings of this paper contribute to the enrichment of research in the field of agricultural production and are important for enhancing agricultural sustainability and reducing grain production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Investigating and Quantifying Food Insecurity in Nigeria: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola, Mukaila, Ridwan, and Otekunrin, Oluwaseun Aramide
- Subjects
FOOD security ,FOOD consumption ,NIGERIANS ,RESEARCH personnel ,DEMOGRAPHY - Abstract
Given the recent increase in the number of Nigerians estimated to be at risk of food insecurity, it is crucial to explore the array of tools used to quantify food insecurity (FI). This exploration will help determine the prevalence and severity of FI in Nigeria. This review explored the scope of FI research carried out in Nigeria to examine how the design was quantified. A systematic review was performed to compile the accessible Nigerian studies. Seventy-nine studies were reviewed. Eighteen used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale module (HFIAS) to investigate FI status; thirteen used the recommended daily calorie requirement approach; twelve employed the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM); ten used the food insecurity index (through household per capita food expenditure); seven used the Food Insecurity Experienced Scale (FIES); two used the Food Consumption Score (FCS); and the others employed less standardized or thorough approaches. Different prevalence levels and gravities of FI in the Nigerian populations were documented. The prevalence of FI varied from 12% to 100%, based on the instrument and demography being studied. In accordance with the findings of this review, the authors propose standardization of the FI instrument and highlight the need for a measurement tool that would be appropriate for the Nigerian setting. This will enable researchers to attain a comprehensive knowledge of the occurrence rate of FI in Nigeria, leading to improved food- and nutrition-sensitive policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Women self‐help groups and intra‐household decision‐making in agriculture.
- Author
-
Surendran Padmaja, Subash, Korekallu Srinivasa, Aditya, Trivedi, Pooja, and Srinivas, Kondapi
- Subjects
SUPPORT groups ,GROUP decision making ,SPOUSES ,SELF-efficacy ,MICROFINANCE ,VALUE chains ,HOUSEHOLD surveys ,WOMEN farmers - Abstract
This study examines the effect of women‐centric agricultural self‐help groups (SHGs) on intra‐household decision‐making in agriculture. Using data collected from an intra‐household survey of 815 households, we analyze the effect of women's membership in different types of SHGs on 14 decisions related to farms and households. Specifically, we investigate the discord in decision‐making, which is the difference in the perceived decision‐making roles of spouses within a household. Our results show that women's participation in SHGs has increased their role in decision‐making by 8–13%. However, the effects vary according to the type of intervention and the decision. We found fewer discords in intra‐household decision‐making in seed SHGs than in micro‐finance SHGs. In conclusion, our study suggests that women's engagement in agriculture‐based SHG interventions can encourage joint decision‐making, but the magnitude of this effect depends on the type of SHG. Development agencies can use this information to design interventions targeted at empowering women through the improvement of the agricultural value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Economic and environmental performance of controlled-environment supply chains for leaf lettuce.
- Author
-
Nicholson, Charles F, Eaton, Michael, Gómez, Miguel I, and Mattson, Neil S
- Subjects
ECONOMIC indicators ,SUPPLY chains ,LETTUCE ,ENVIRONMENTAL economics ,ENERGY consumption ,SUPPLY chain management - Abstract
We assess landed costs and selected environmental metrics for field-based and controlled-environment agriculture greenhouse (GH) supply chains for leaf lettuce delivered to New York City. Landed costs for a GH are 46 to 174 per cent higher than field production, with the lower value for an automated GH located in the peri-urban area. Energy use and global warming potential per kg lettuce delivered were larger for the GH, particularly if located in a peri-urban area. Water use was much higher for the field-based supply chain. Controlled-environment GH technologies will require further development to meet goals for lower costs and environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Impact of Rural Industrial Integration on Agricultural Green Productivity Based on the Contract Choice Perspective of Farmers.
- Author
-
Zhang, Han and Wu, Dongli
- Subjects
PROPENSITY score matching ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,INSTRUMENTAL variables (Statistics) ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,AGRICULTURAL development ,COOPERATIVE agriculture ,FARMERS - Abstract
Promoting farmers' participation in rural industrial integration and driving farmers' agricultural production with cooperatives and agribusinesses are conducive to realizing cost saving, efficiency, and green production and guaranteeing food security and sustainable agricultural development. Based on the microsurvey data of 1039 grain farmers in Henan Province, China in 2022, this paper examined the impact of contractual choices of farmers' participation in rural industrial integration on agricultural green productivity while analyzing the mechanism of action by using OLS regression, a causal mediation analysis of instrumental variables, propensity score matching, and two-stage least squares (2SLS). The study found that: (1) farmers' participation in a contract, driven by cooperatives or agribusinesses to carry out agricultural production, is conducive to improving their agricultural green productivity, but the effect of each main body to drive farmers varies; (2) farmers' participation in a contract, through cooperatives or agribusinesses to obtain all kinds of agricultural production services—such as agricultural machinery services, agricultural supply services, and technical guidance services—improves the use of agricultural machinery, the standardization of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other agricultural materials' use, increases technical guidance, and improves agricultural green productivity. The findings of this paper suggest policy and practical implications for safeguarding food security and promoting sustainable agriculture, as well as enriching research on agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Adoption and impacts of improved post-harvest technologies on food security and welfare of maize-farming households in Tanzania: a comparative assessment.
- Author
-
Mutungi, Christopher, Manda, Julius, Feleke, Shiferaw, Abass, Adebayo, Bekunda, Mateete, Hoschle-Zeledon, Irmgard, and Fischer, Gundula
- Abstract
During the last decade, post-harvest losses (PHL) reduction has been topping the agenda of governments as a pathway for addressing food security, poverty, and nutrition challenges in Africa. Using survey data from 579 households, we investigated the factors that affect farmers' decisions to adopt post-harvest technologies: mechanized shelling, drying tarpaulins, and airtight storage validated for reducing PHL in Tanzania's maize-based systems, and the impacts on households' food security and welfare. Mechanized shelling addressed a labor issue, while tarpaulins and airtight storage addressed product quality and quantity concerns. The results revealed large farm sizes and location in higher production potential zones (proxies for higher production scale) and neighbors' use of the technologies as universal drivers for adoption. Access to credit and off-farm income were unique determinants for airtight storage, while group membership increased the probability of adopting drying tarpaulin and airtight storage. The technologies have positive impacts on food security and welfare: drying tarpaulins and airtight storage significantly increased food availability (18–27%), food access (24–26%), and household incomes (112–155%), whereas mechanized shelling improved food and total expenditures by 49% and 68%, respectively. The share of total household expenditure on food decreased by 42%, 11%, and 51% among tarpaulin, mechanized shelling, and airtight storage adopter households, signaling significant improvements in food security and reductions in vulnerability. The results point to the need for policy support to enhance the adoption of these technologies, knowledge sharing among farmers, and financial resources access to support investments in the technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Climate Change and Farm Household Income in Northern Cameroon: A Ricardian Analysis
- Author
-
Nguena, Christian Lambert and Bindoumou, Martial
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Exploring dietary diversity, nutritional status of adolescents among farm households in Nigeria: do higher commercialization levels translate to better nutrition?
- Author
-
Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola and Otekunrin, Oluwaseun Aramide
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Essays on Productivity and Consumption Smoothing Under Imperfect Markets
- Author
-
Silver, Jedediah
- Subjects
Economics ,Agriculture economics ,Arbitrage ,Farm Households ,Misallocation ,Nigeria ,Production Function ,Thailand - Abstract
Perhaps the most central insight of development economics is that, absent a complete set of perfect markets, households' economic activities cannot be neatly ``separated" into those of a profit-maximizing firm and a utility-maximizing consumer (Singh et al., 1986) In particular, risk-averse farm households face a tradeoff between maximizing farm profits and smoothing consumption across states of the world. Balancing these motives is important not only for these households, who constitute a massive share of the world's poor, but for aggregate productivity as well. However, little is known about how to diagnose the market failures that create these tradeoffs, quantify their costs, and prescribe robust policies to address them. This dissertation seeks to provide methodological and empirical progress from the micro to the macro levels. Chapter 1 focuses on identifying how distinct market failures affect aggregate productivity in Thai agriculture. Agricultural markets often fail to allocate resources efficiently across farm households in developing countries. However, policymakers require knowledge of which markets fail and how the distortions they generate are correlated. In this chapter, I use data from rural Thailand to characterize how distortions in land, labor, credit, and insurance markets each contribute to factor misallocation. I use moments in household consumption and production data to separately identify these distortions and then quantify their impacts on aggregate productivity through an equilibrium model of misallocation. I find that the efficient allocation would increase aggregate productivity by 31% relative to the status quo, while only 15% (7%) gains could be achieved by eliminating financial (input) distortions in isolation. Positive interaction effects from addressing multiple distortions simultaneously account for the remaining 9% TFP gains. Meanwhile, other common methods would produce larger estimates of misallocation and suggest that a financial market intervention would decrease aggregate productivity. Accounting for multiple correlated distortions is therefore crucial for measuring misallocation and designing policies to address it. In Chapter 2, coauthored with Ethan Ligon, we move from Thailand to Northeastern Nigeria and move from the growing season to the lean season spanning harvests to study another important tradeoff between consumption smoothing and investment. In particular, we conduct a randomized control trial offering postharvest loans (PHLs) to farm households in Gombe State. The purpose of these loans is to enable households to shift from exhausting grain stocks and buying them back at high prices to becoming net arbitrageurs. While such programs have increased household incomes in Kenya (Burke et al., 2019)and Tanzania (Channa et al, 2022), their theory of change relies on grain prices rising, which is a highly uncertain proposition across sub-Saharan Africa. During our study period, prices of maize and other major crops stayed flat. While we find that the loans induced households to store more crops later into the season, we do not find significant effects on sales or overall welfare. While this is an example of the downside risk of PHLs being realized, we also use a simple model of intertemporal arbitrage to show how ex ante risk can have ambiguous effects on the demand for PHLs, depending on whether households are more vulnerable in states with high vs. low prices. Chapter 3, based in part on work coauthored with Ethan Ligon, focuses on production function estimation when input choices are distorted. These estimators, which are used to estimate the production function in Chapter 1, extend the canonical approach in industrial organization (Ackerberg et al., 2015; Gandhi et al., 2020), to risk-averse producers facing imperfect markets. In particular, they proxy for unobserved productivity by inverting the demand function for a flexible input from the setting with profit-maximizing firms in competitive markets to risk-averse households, possibly facing distorted input markets. The method involves combining consumption and production data to model input demands as a function of unobserved productivity and a stochastic discount factor, which includes the covariance between production shocks and consumption at harvest. Essentially, the consumption side of the household's problem provides information to help us identify the production side. Three main specifications are considered: the canonical Cobb-Douglas with Hicks-neutral shocks, a heteroskedastic generalization of Cobb-Douglas that allows for differentially risky inputs, and a dynamic multi-stage Cobb-Douglas featuring sequential shocks. The differences across specifications show the importance of accounting for risk, both overall and input- and stage-specific, to consistently estimate production functions and draw inferences about efficiency and misallocation. Together, these three chapters show how better understanding households' tradeoffs between productivity and consumption smoothing can improve policies to address both micro-level food insecurity and macro-level productivity.
- Published
- 2024
37. Are young maize and rice farmers' profit efficient? A gender differential analysis.
- Author
-
Raoul Fani, Djomo Choumbou, Henrietta, Ukpe Udeme, Tabetando, Rayner, Nkwi, Gama Emmanuel, and Mainassara, Zoubeirou
- Subjects
RICE farmers ,CORN ,AGRICULTURE ,VALUE chains ,GENDER inequality ,MEMBERSHIP in associations, institutions, etc. - Abstract
The recent trend of development policy makes emphasis on gender disparity in performance, especially in the agricultural sector whereby women partake and play a crucial role and their contribution to the sector cannot be overemphasized. However, the contention is whether such disparity in performance exists typically at old age or whether it exists at youth age as well. A representative household survey with structured questionnaires and assistance from extension agents who served as enumerators make use of multistage sampling techniques to collect datasets from 1019 young producer-marketers involved in the two value chains from three regions of Cameroon including Far North, North, and West Regions. Findings show that the mean profit efficiency for young males is 0.53, and 0.61 while for young females are 0.59, and 0.69 respectively. The result found a significant difference (.001;.002) in the profit efficiency among young males and females rice and maize producer-marketers due to socioeconomic and financial factors such as household size, cost of transport, tax paid, amount of credit received, membership to the association, cost of labour, cost of seed, cost of herbicides and cost of fertilizer. Findings indicate that there is a need to set up agrochemical and improved seed varieties subsidy schemes with special attention given to young female rice and maize producer-marketers given that cost of agrochemical and improved seed varieties significantly affect their profitability. Young females engaged in the rice and maize value chains could benefit from setting up labour-sharing arrangements for mutual help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. An assessment of the performance of emergency management agency in the natural hazards management among farm households in the southeast zone, Nigeria.
- Author
-
OBI, Joy, IFEJIRIKA, Chika, ITAM, Kingsley, ENETE, Anselm, MUNONYE, Jane, OSUJI, Emeka, OYOBOH, Dan, JIMMY, Samuel, EGWU, Chukwuoyims, NWACHUKWU, Christopher, OBETTA, Angela, NWOFOKE, Christian, and ODOH, Ngozi
- Subjects
HAZARD mitigation ,NATURAL disasters - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Risk analysis of the rice supply chain in Cambodia
- Author
-
Rath, Bunhorng, Wonginta, Thitima, and Amchang, Chompoonut
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Performance of Farm Households in Disaster Risk Management at Community Level
- Author
-
Rana, Sohel, Kiminami, Lily, Furuzawa, Shinichi, Rana, Sohel, Kiminami, Lily, and Furuzawa, Shinichi
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Risk analysis of the rice supply chain in Cambodia
- Author
-
Bunhorng Rath, Thitima Wonginta, and Chompoonut Amchang
- Subjects
Farm households ,Risk identification ,Risk investigation ,Risk management ,Structural equation model ,Cambodian rice supply chain ,Commerce ,HF1-6182 - Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the risks faced by the Cambodian rice supply chain (RSC), including risk identification, risk investigation and risk management. Design/methodology/approach – The first qualitative area of exploration from this exploratory sequential design is to identify the potential risks, in which the authors conduct in-depth interviews with ten different experts in Cambodia. Using the structural equation model (SEM) in AMOS and descriptive statistics analysis, this study investigates the risks that affect the RSC performance on an environmental, social and economic basis and subsequently proposes risk management strategies. The authors collect quantitative data from 200 Cambodian farmers through interviews and surveys. Findings – The results illustrate that the farm households face 18 risk factors. The researchers consolidate 18 risk factors into four classifications: supply risks, production risks, demand risks and environmental risks. Nine experts out of the ten who were interviewed (90%) consider themselves “highly vulnerable” (with a rating of 4 or 5 on the Likert scale), while only one expert has a “neutral” stance (with a rating of 3 on the Likert scale); these results concerning risk identification are visualized in the likelihood effect matrix of the RSC. After investigating the risks, the authors found that RSC performance is significantly affected by the RSC risks. In particular, four groups are created, representing two different approaches to mitigate, avoid, transfer and cope with agricultural risks, i.e. ex ante and ex post risk management strategies. Originality/value – This study fully answers research questions regarding risk identification, risk investigation and risk management.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Category-wise magnitude and determinants of indebtedness among farm households in rural Punjab
- Author
-
Ravita, Kaur, Manjeet, and Singh, Gian
- Published
- 2022
43. Climate Change Adaptation Measures by Farm Households in Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia: An Application of Multivariate Analysis Approach.
- Author
-
Tesfaye, Taye and Nayak, Diptimayee
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,CLIMATE change ,SOIL conservation ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,HOUSEHOLDS ,CROP diversification ,FARMS - Abstract
The study explores to identify various climate change adaptation strategies adopted by farm households in the Gedeo zone, Ethiopia. It is based on cross-sectional data from 400 randomly selected sample farm households. By using cross-sectional data from a primary survey of 400 randomly selected sample farm households and applying a multivariate probit regression model, it identifies the factors determining farm households' adoption of climate change adaptation options. The study finds five major climate change adaptation options adopted by farm households, viz. agro-forestry, soil and water conservation, small-scale irrigation, crop diversification, and adjusting planting dates. Findings indicate that various demographics, socio-economic, institutional, biophysical and climate change risk factors determine adoption of climate change adaptation strategies. The study suggests the significance of formulating different information opportunities such as local climate forums, access to media centers, and training centers for farmers, which can help to increase adaptation of farm households to climate change. Therefore, policies and development plans that persuade the adoption of adaptation strategies to climate change must consider these factors to reduce the climate repercussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Risk perception, farmer−herder conflicts and production decisions: evidence from Nigeria.
- Author
-
Nnaji, Amaka, Ratna, Nazmun, Renwick, Alan, and Ma, Wanglin
- Subjects
RISK perception ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,RISK aversion ,HOUSEHOLDS ,FERTILIZERS - Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the risk perception of farmer−herder (FH) conflicts on rural households' production decisions. Extending the farm household model to include the risk perception of farmer−herder conflicts, we test hypotheses derived using primary data from 401 rural households in Nigeria. Results indicate that higher risk perception of FH conflict reduces fertiliser use and increases the time allocated for farm work. Dividing households based on their risk aversion, we find that risk-averse households rent-in significantly less cropland compared to risk-taking households. Findings highlight the need for policies that sustainably tackle FH conflicts for improved agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Are young maize and rice farmers’ profit efficient? A gender differential analysis
- Author
-
Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani, Ukpe Udeme Henrietta, Rayner Tabetando, Gama Emmanuel Nkwi, and Zoubeirou Mainassara
- Subjects
agriculture ,microanalysis of farm firms ,farm households ,farm input markets ,agricultural markets and marketing ,cooperatives ,agribusiness ,econometric and input-output models ,other models ,Finance ,HG1-9999 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
AbstractThe recent trend of development policy makes emphasis on gender disparity in performance, especially in the agricultural sector whereby women partake and play a crucial role and their contribution to the sector cannot be overemphasized. However, the contention is whether such disparity in performance exists typically at old age or whether it exists at youth age as well. A representative household survey with structured questionnaires and assistance from extension agents who served as enumerators make use of multistage sampling techniques to collect datasets from 1019 young producer-marketers involved in the two value chains from three regions of Cameroon including Far North, North, and West Regions. Findings show that the mean profit efficiency for young males is 0.53, and 0.61 while for young females are 0.59, and 0.69 respectively. The result found a significant difference (.001; .002) in the profit efficiency among young males and females rice and maize producer-marketers due to socioeconomic and financial factors such as household size, cost of transport, tax paid, amount of credit received, membership to the association, cost of labour, cost of seed, cost of herbicides and cost of fertilizer. Findings indicate that there is a need to set up agrochemical and improved seed varieties subsidy schemes with special attention given to young female rice and maize producer-marketers given that cost of agrochemical and improved seed varieties significantly affect their profitability. Young females engaged in the rice and maize value chains could benefit from setting up labour-sharing arrangements for mutual help.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. An assessment of the performance of emergency management agency in the natural hazards management among farm households in the southeast zone, Nigeria
- Author
-
Joy OBI, Chika IFEJIRIKA, Kingsley ITAM, Anselm ENETE, Jane MUNONYE, Emeka OSUJI, Dan OYOBOH, Samuel JIMMY, Chukwuoyims EGWU, Christopher NWACHUKWU, Angela OBETTA, Christian NWOFOKE, and Ngozi ODOH
- Subjects
KPI ,emergency management ,naturaldisasters ,farm households ,Nigeria ,Agriculture - Abstract
An assessment of the performance of emergency management agency in mitigating natural hazards among farm households in Southeast Zone, Nigeria was studied. About 240 farm households who were administered questionnaire were chosen from the states’ flood- and erosion-prone regions using multi-stage sampling technique. The results indicate that the EmergencyManagement Based-Performance Index’s average level of national emergency management activities was 57.33. The total average ratings of the National Emergency Management Agency/State Emergency Management Agency performance indicators based on their usefulness as a measure of natural hazard were estimated as 47.8% which showed that the NEMA/SEMA key performance indicators’ degree of effectiveness in hazard management is deemed to be below average of the index. These key performance indicators (KPI) include; distribution of food, provision of seedlings, provision of agro-chemical, training of farmers on postharvest crop preservation, use of weather, rehabilitation of water resources, expansion of irrigation facilities, distribution of fingerlings, provision of household items. The highest weighted score assigned to the distribution of food was 2.89, indicating that it is 57.8% successin mitigating natural disasters, while the average weight score allocated to the distribution of seedlings was 2.62, indicating a 52.4% degree of efficacy. However, the study recommends that the funds allotted to NEMA/SEMA should be monitored to ensure it is utilized in achieving its stated aims and objectives.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Comparative Analysis of the Contributions of Men and Women to Farming Decisions among Rice Producing Households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Author
-
Amusa, Taofeeq Ade, Anugwo, Stanley Chukwudi, and Egwue, Ogechi Lynda
- Subjects
gender ,decision making ,rice ,farm households ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The study examined the contributions of men and women to farming decisions among rice producing households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 120 rice producing families. Husband and wife involved in rice production as a unit were interviewed and data were collected using questionnaire. Collected data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, chart and z-test. The result showed that the mean contribution of men in pre-harvest decisions (x̅ =3.54 ± 0.18) was higher than that of women (x̅ =2.43 ± 0.24). On the other hand, the mean contribution of men in decision-making in post-harvest activities (x̅ =2.54 ± 0.48) was relatively low compared to that of women (x̅ =3.47 ± 0.16). There was a significant difference in the level of contributions of men and women to decision-making in pre- and post-harvest activities. Improved commitment to helping farmers gain more access to farm-related information to make informed decisions about their farming business is recommended.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Hiding or Pleasing: Spousal Disagreement Among Ugandan Maize Farmers.
- Author
-
Van Campenhout, Bjorn, Lecoutere, Els, and Spielman, David J.
- Subjects
- *
GENDER differences (Sociology) , *MANNERS & customs , *COGNITIVE bias , *INFORMATION asymmetry , *SOCIAL norms , *WOMEN leaders - Abstract
To gain a better understanding of intrahousehold bargaining processes, surveys increasingly collect data from co-heads individually, especially on decision-making, asset ownership and labour contributions. However, answers provided by co-heads to the same set of questions often differ substantially. Recent research suggests that while some of this disagreement is due to random measurement error and cognitive bias, part also reflects non-overlapping information sets. We document differences in answers between male and female co-heads in monogamous smallholder maize-farming households in Uganda. We first confirm that not all disagreement can be explained by measurement error or bias. Using a field experiment, we then test if disagreement is due to information asymmetry between male and female co-heads. We also test an alternative explanation where discord is attributed to co-heads' tendency to respond in line with prevailing gender norms and social customs. While the interventions did seem to reduce discord in survey response about decision-making, we do not find that information asymmetry nor reporting in line with gender norms and customs are the primary drivers of disagreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Production of Indigenous Food Crops: Implications for Children's Nutritional Status of Farm Households in Northern Ghana.
- Author
-
Andani, Alhassan, Jatoe, John Baptist D., and Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD crops , *INDIGENOUS children , *NUTRITIONAL status , *HOUSEHOLDS , *CHILD nutrition , *RURAL children , *FOOD relief - Abstract
This paper examines the effect of indigenous food crops on the nutrition security outcomes of children in farm households. Using a standard treatment effect model, data on children under 5 years of age from 250 farm households in selected rural districts of northern Ghana were analysed. A multistage sampling procedure was used. Descriptive statistics show high rates of child wasting (16.7%), stunting (29.8%) and underweight (25.2%), but suggest better nutritional status for children in indigenous food crops producer households than those in non-producer households. Children in producer households have higher height-for-age; weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores than children in non-producer households. The findings suggest that, children in non-producer households are more at risk of being stunted, wasted and underweight than those in producer households. Exploring the empirical link between the production of indigenous food crops and the nutrition status of children in northern Ghana extends the literature on nutrition and crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Nutrition Outcomes of Under-five Children of Smallholder Farm Households: Do Higher Commercialization Levels Lead to Better Nutritional Status?
- Author
-
Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola and Otekunrin, Oluwaseun Aramide
- Abstract
The study investigated the nutritional status of under-five children of farm households. The study utilized primary data from 352 farm households with 140 under-five children. Household crop commercialization index (CCI) was used to estimate cassava farm household crop sale ratio and categorize the households into four commercialization levels while WHO Anthro software was employed to analyze under-five children anthropometric indices such as weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Logit regression model (LRM) was used to examine the drivers of under-five children's nutritional status of farm households. The study found that 42.9%, 7.9% and 3.6% of the children are stunted, underweight and wasted respectively. The highest stunting level was recorded in zero level households (CCI 1). Although, some higher CCI households (medium-high and very-high level) recorded increased percent of stunted children. This revealed that being a member of low or high-level commercialization households may not guarantee better nutritional status of young children of farm households. The results of LRM indicated that the predictors of children nutritional status were child's age, farm size, access to electricity, healthcare and commercialization variables. Moreover, weak positive and negative relationships exist between CCI and children's nutrition outcomes as measured by the z-scores. The study recommended maternal nutrition-sensitive education intervention that can improve nutrition knowledge of mothers and provision of infrastructure that enhance increased farm production and promote healthy living among farm households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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