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In response to the widespread issue of fake comments on e-commerce platforms, this study aims to analyze and propose a blockchain-based solution to incentivize authentic user feedback and reduce the prevalence of fraudulent reviews. Specifically, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model between sellers, buyers, and e-commerce platforms to study the real comment mechanism of blockchain. The strategy evolution under different incentive factors is simulated using replication dynamic equation analysis and Matlab software simulation. The study found that introducing smart contracts and "tokens" for incentives not only increased incentives for real comments but also reduced the negative experiences caused by "speculative" sellers, thereby influencing buyers to opt for authentic reviews. By structuring interactions through blockchain, the mechanism helped lower informational entropy thus reducing disorder and unpredictability in buyer and seller behavior and contributing to system stability. Further, by increasing penalties for dishonest behavior under the "credit on the chain" system, the platform lowered entropy in the system by promoting trust and reducing fraudulent activities. The real comment mechanism based on blockchain proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the order and transparency within the comment ecosystem. These findings contribute to theory and practice by providing strategic insights for e-commerce platforms to encourage genuine feedback, reduce informational entropy, and mitigate fake comments, ultimately fostering a more reliable online marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study spin effects in the neutrino gravitational scattering by a supermassive black hole with a magnetized accretion disk having a finite thickness. We exactly describe the propagation of ultrarelativistic neutrinos on null geodesics and solve the spin precession equation along each neutrino trajectory. The interaction of neutrinos with the magnetic field is due to the nonzero diagonal magnetic moment. Additionally, neutrinos interact with plasma of the accretion disk electroweakly within the Fermi approximation. These interactions are obtained to change the polarization of incoming neutrinos, which are left particles. The fluxes of scattered neutrinos, proportional to the survival probability of spin oscillations, are derived for various parameters of the system. In particular, we are focused on the matter influence on the outgoing neutrinos flux. The possibility to observe the predicted effects for astrophysical neutrinos is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare systems are major emitters of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. The resulting climate crisis harms human and planetary health and increasingly impacts lives on Earth. Because of their status as high emitters and their social role in society, healthcare systems have a clear obligation to decarbonise. This study investigates how healthcare systems worldwide can lower their greenhouse gas emissions and thereby contribute to global climate action. We performed a systematic literature review, searching PubMed, GreenFILE, Business Source Complete and CINAHL for relevant empirical studies, non-research papers and grey literature published between 1 January 2018 and 28 March 2023. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol applied to healthcare systems guided thematic and descriptive analyses to explore interventions targeted at scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting and synthesising the results. A total of 742 publications were initially identified, 230 of which were included in the systematic literature review, comprising 96 empirical studies, 132 non-research papers and two governmental reports. Numerous conventional and unique decarbonisation actions related to healthcare have been reported in the literature. Eight themes were identified: transportation, anaesthesia, energy, travel, supply chain, clinical practices, planetary health literacy and system changes. This study shows the abundant potential for healthcare decarbonisation while highlighting key uncertainties around decarbonisation in healthcare and providing ambitious recommendations to lower emissions globally. Decarbonisation actions are needed at the personal, organisational and system levels. The health workforce is vital in driving transformative change but needs to be adequately trained and educated about the importance of low-carbon solutions in healthcare. Countries worldwide must exchange knowledge about successful decarbonisation interventions and best practices to push global progress. Looking forward, action plans and audits at the local level combined with large-scale measures and policies are needed to influence the system as a whole. Plain English summary: Climate change caused by greenhouse gases, which are mainly emitted via the burning of fossil fuels and biomass in the form of carbon dioxide but also include methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, harms both human and planetary health. Health effects can be direct and indirect and range from infectious to chronic diseases, mental health impacts, malnutrition and forced displacement. Highly developed healthcare systems are crucial for meeting the rising demand for health services related to the climate crisis. However, healthcare systems worldwide have a large climate footprint, and they themselves contribute to this problem. They emit greenhouse gases directly (scope 1) and indirectly (scopes 2 and 3)—most greenhouse gases are emitted through the global healthcare supply chain (scope 3). We reviewed the literature for possible actions that healthcare workers and decision-makers can take to lower the climate footprint of healthcare systems. We found that healthcare system emissions have abundant potential to decrease, for example, by reducing emissions from transportation, anaesthesia, energy, travel, the supply chain and clinical practices. Practical actions at the personal and organisational levels can be supported by promoting the planetary health literacy of healthcare workers, patients and their caregivers and system changes that need to be implemented at a higher level. The health workforce is vital in driving transformative change but needs to be adequately trained and educated about the importance of low-carbon solutions in healthcare. We recommend that countries worldwide exchange knowledge about successful decarbonisation interventions and best practices to push global progress. Future research is needed to substantiate these decarbonisation efforts. However, the time for action is now—and through this research, we hope to empower everyone to take the necessary steps towards a climate-friendly healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-tree segmentation on multispectral UAV images shows significant potential for effective forest management such as automating forest inventories or detecting damage and diseases when using an additional classifier. We propose an automated workflow for segmentation on high-resolution data and provide our trained models in a Toolbox for ArcGIS Pro on our GitHub repository for other researchers. The database used for this study consists of multispectral UAV data (RGB, NIR and red edge bands) of a forest area in Germany consisting of a mix of tree species consisting of five deciduous trees and three conifer tree species in the matured closed canopy stage at approximately 90 years. Information of NIR and Red Edge bands are evaluated for tree segmentation using different vegetation indices (VIs) in comparison to only using RGB information. We trained Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN, TensorMask and SAM in several experiments and evaluated model performance on different data combinations. All models with the exception of SAM show good performance on our test data with the Faster R-CNN model trained on the red and green bands and the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) achieving best results with an F1-Score of 83.5% and an Intersection over Union of 65.3% on highly detailed labels. All models are provided in our TreeSeg toolbox and allow the user to apply the pre-trained models on new data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some aspects of atom-field interactions in curved spacetime are reviewed. Of great interest are quantum radiative and entanglement processes arising out of Rindler and black hole spacetimes, which involve the role of Hawking–Unruh and dynamical Casimir effects. Most of the discussion surrounds the radiative part of interactions. For this, we specifically reassess the conventional understandings of atomic radiative transitions and energy level shifts in curved spacetime. We also briefly outline the status quo of entanglement dynamics study in curved spacetime, and highlight literature related to some novel insights, like entanglement harvesting. On one hand, the study of the role played by spacetime curvature in quantum radiative and informational phenomena has implications for fundamental physics, notably the gravity-quantum interface. In particular, one examines the viability of the Equivalence Principle, which is at the heart of Einstein's general theory of relativity. On the other hand, it can be instructive for manipulating quantum information and light propagation in arbitrary geometries. Some issues related to nonthermal effects of acceleration are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extensively reviews hybrid rocket propulsion-related activities from combustion engine designs to launch tests. Starting with a brief review of rocket propulsion development history, a comparison among the three bi-propellant rocket propulsion approaches, and hybrid rocket engine design guidelines, a very thorough review related to hybrid rocket propulsion and its applications is presented in this paper. In addition to propellant choice, engine design also affects the hybrid rocket performance and, therefore, a variety of engine designs, considering, e.g., fuel geometry, swirl injection, ignition designs, and some innovative flow-channel designs are also explored. Furthermore, many fundamental studies on increasing hybrid rocket engine performances, such as regression rate enhancement, mixing enhancement, and combustion optimization, are also reviewed. Many problems that will be encountered for practical applications are also reviewed and discussed, including the O/F ratio shift, low-frequency instability, and scale-up methods. For hybrid rocket engine applications in the future, advanced capabilities and lightweight design of the hybrid rocket engine, such as throttling capability, thrust vectoring control concept, insulation materials, 3D-printing manufacturing technologies, and flight demonstrations, are also included. Finally, some active hybrid rocket research teams and their plans for flight activities are briefly introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an external electric or magnetic field, a gravitational wave (GW) may be converted into electromagnetic radiation. We present a coordinate-invariant framework to describe the GW signal in a detector that is based on this effect, such as cavities for axion searches. In this framework, we pay special attention to the definition of manifestly coordinate-independent expressions for the electromagnetic fields that an external observer would detect. A careful assessment of the detector’s perceived motion allows us to treat both its mechanical and its electromagnetic response to the GW consistently. We further introduce well-defined approximations for which this motion may be neglected, and hence provide suggestions on which coordinate frame is suitable to characterise the GW signal in practice. We illustrate our findings in two examples, an infinitesimally thin rod and a spherical electromagnetic cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to identify differences in evaluations of factors affecting trust in academics and direct supervisors as perceive by Generation Z from Poland, Spain and Turkey. Design/methodology/approach: The presented analyzes constitute a part of a broader study on the trust that generation Z place in entities from various spheres of life. The article focuses on the academic teachers and supervisors. The research was carried out with the use of CAWI and PAPI methods on a sample of 656 respondents. Findings: The aspects most and least influential on trust in both academics and supervisors were identified, statistically significant differences in the perception of these aspects depending on nationality were analyzed, and a correlation between respondents' evaluations of individual factors of trust. Research limitations/implications: The research sample (lack of representativeness of the sample). Practical implications: The article indicates which trust constructs should paid attention supervisor especially in the aspect of working in multinational teams. Originality/value: The article indicates differences in the perception of trust constructs among young Poles, Spaniards and Turks. The article is addressed primarily to people managing multinational teams and academic teachers teaching students of various nationalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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No-hair theorem indicates that black holes cannot have their own magnetic dipole moment. They can be weakly magnetized in binary systems with a neutron star companion and an accretion disc of charged particles. A simple model suggested by Petterson states that a current loop accreting a Schwarzschild black hole generates dipole-like magnetic fields in the outer region of the loop that are uniform in the inner region. This study considers circular motion and collisions of charged test particles with magnetic dipole moments in the inner and outer regions. First, we derive the effective potential taking into account the magnetic interactions between external magnetic fields with electric charge and the magnetic dipole moment of the particle. We investigate the possible innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) of the charged and magnetized particles orbiting the magnetized Schwarzschild black hole inside and outside the current loop. Finally, we explore the collisional processes of these particles near the black hole horizons, examining the effects of magnetic interactions on the critical angular momentum of particles that may collide and the center of mass energy of the colliding particles. We discuss astrophysical relevant objects with magnetic dipole moment and electric charge: magnetized neutron stars, white dwarfs, rotating stellar-mass black holes, electrons, and protons, and also estimate the interaction parameters for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is one of healthcare's main contributors to climate change. We aimed to assess healthcare professionals' attitudes and the perceived barriers to implementation of sustainable GI endoscopy. Methods The LEAFGREEN web-based survey was a cross-sectional study conducted by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Green Endoscopy Working Group. The questionnaire comprised 39 questions divided into five sections (respondent demographics; climate change and sustainability beliefs; waste and resource management; single-use endoscopes and accessories; education and research). The survey was available via email to all active members of the ESGE and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) in March 2023. Results 407 respondents participated in the survey (11% response rate). Most participants (86%) agreed climate change is real and anthropogenic, but one-third did not consider GI endoscopy to be a significant contributor to climate change. Improvement in the appropriateness of endoscopic procedures (41%) and reduction in single-use accessories (34%) were considered the most important strategies to reduce the environmental impact of GI endoscopy. Respondents deemed lack of institutional support and knowledge from staff to be the main barriers to sustainable endoscopy. Strategies to reduce unnecessary GI endoscopic procedures and comparative studies of single-use versus reusable accessories were identified as research priorities. Conclusions In this survey, ESGE and ESGENA members acknowledge climate change as a major threat to humanity. Further improvement in sustainability beliefs and professional attitudes, reduction in inappropriate GI endoscopy, and rational use of single-use accessories and endoscopes are critically required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems primarily focuses on the concurrent or unidirectional associations between these constructs (i.e., from CU traits to CP), with less attention given to their dynamic interplay during middle childhood. It is possible that socialization agents, such as peers, play a significant role in shaping the dynamic relation between CU traits and conduct problems early in development. Additionally, prior studies have shown that both CU traits and conduct problems are associated with poorer peer functioning. Considering the social information processing theory, which emphasizes the impact of cognitive processes on emotions and behavior in youth, this study evaluated the moderating role of cognitive appraisals (i.e., rumination, self-blame, and other-blame) in the context of peer conflict on the bidirectional association between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems over the course of 1 academic year. The sample included 349 third- through fifth-grade students (51% boys; 53.2% Hispanic/Latinx) and their homeroom teachers (n = 30). At Time 1, children reported on their cognitive appraisals in response to peer conflict. Teachers provided reports of children's CU traits and conduct problems at Time 1 and Time 2. Results indicated that conduct problems and other-blame uniquely predicted increases in CU traits over time. Further, high levels of self-blame and rumination exacerbated the prospective link from CU traits to subsequent conduct problems. These findings highlight the importance of addressing cognitive processes in prevention approaches aimed at reducing the risk of conduct problems and CU traits among children., Competing Interests: Compliance with Ethical Standards. Funding: This research was funded by Texas Tech University. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Texas Tech University and school administrators. Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians, and child participants provided written assent in this study., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: At present, therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as no real molecular-driven therapeutic intervention has yet become available. The administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is known as an inflammatory activator, representing a frequently used model of ALI. This study investigated the biological function of normoxic (21% O2) vs. hypoxic conditions (5% O2) obtained from human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) and discovered that exosomes have the ability to suppress inflammatory responses by specifically targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. and identify the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) NF-κβ gene expression. Methods: Primer culture hWJ-MSCs characterization with trilineage differentiation and CD markers was conducted. To obtain exosomes, hWJ-MSCs were stimulated with two different oxygen levels: 21% (nor-exo) and 5% (hypo-exo). Then, the L2 cell line was induced with LPS 1 µg/mL. Inflamed-L2 was treated with nor-exo, hypo-exo, and dexamethasone as a positive control. The RNA extracted from treated L2 cells was utilized to examine the gene expression profiles of TLR4 and NF-κβ, and the medium was used to measure tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels using ELISA. Lastly, proteomic analysis of the exosome using LC/MS-MS was conducted. Results: Nor-exo and hypo-exo can be characterized and can produce higher yields exosomes under hypoxic conditions. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κβ genes and the proinflammatory levels such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in nor-exo and hypo-exo treatments decreased. Conclusion: Nor-exo and hypo-exo derived from hWJ-MSCs were proven to have anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blue-yellow axis dyschromatopsia is well-known in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) patients, but there were no data on the correlation between retinal structure and short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) values in this pathology. Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, we assessed the correlation between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), standard automated perimetry (SAP), SWAP, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters of 9 ADOA patients compared with healthy controls. Correlation analysis was performed between BCVA, mean deviation, pattern standard deviation (PSD), and fovea sensitivity (FS) values and the OCT thickness of each retinal layer and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Results: The following significant and strong correlations were found: between BCVA and ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the global (G) pRNFL thicknesses; between SAP FS and GCL and the G-pRNFL thicknesses; between SWAP PSD and total retina, GCL, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner retinal layer and the temporal pRNFL thicknesses. We found a constant shorter duration of the SITA-SWAP compared with the SITA-STANDARD strategy. Conclusions: SWAP, SAP, and BCVA values provided relevant clinical information about retinal involvement in our ADOA patients. The perimetric functional parameters that seemed to correlate better with structure involvement were FS on SAP and PSD on SWAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Water intake and hydration status may potentially influence maternal and child health. However, there is little research regarding this topic. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate pregnant women's total fluid intake (TFI) levels, hydration status, and body composition and further explore their relationship with infant birth weight. Methods: A 7-day, 24 h fluid intake recorded was applied to determine participants' TFI levels. Morning urine samples were collected and tested to evaluate their hydration status. Maternal body compositions in their third trimester and infant birth weights were measured. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the study. The TFI was insufficient for pregnant women during their third trimester (median = 1574 mL), with only 12.1% of participants meeting the recommended adequate fluid intake level for pregnant women living in China (1.7 L per day). With the increasing TFI values, the urine osmolality decreased, which showed statistical significance among the four groups (χ2 = 22.637, p < 0.05). The participants displayed a poor hydration status. Meanwhile, the percentage of participants who were in dehydrated status decreased (χ2 = 67.618, p < 0.05), while body water content and basal metabolic rate increased with the increase in TFI levels (χ2 = 20.784, p < 0.05; χ2 = 14.026, p < 0.05). There were positive linear relationships between plain water intake, the basal metabolic rate of pregnant women and their infant birth weight (SE = 0.153, p < 0.05; SE = 0.076, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Water intake was insufficient, and poor hydration status was common among pregnant women in China. There may be potential relationships between plain water intake, basal metabolic rate, and infant birth weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among aneuploidies compatible with life, trisomy 22 mosaicism is extremely rare, and only about 25 postnatal and 18 prenatal cases have been described in the literature so far. The condition is mainly characterized by facial and body asymmetry, cardiac heart defects, facial dysmorphisms, growth failure, delayed puberty, and variable degrees of neurodevelopmental delay. Problem: The scattered information regarding the condition and the dearth of data on its natural history and developmental outcomes restrict genetic counseling, particularly in prenatal settings. Moreover, a prompt diagnosis is frequently delayed by the negative selection of trisomic cells in blood, with mosaicism percentage varying among tissues, which often entails the need for further testing. Purpose/topic: The aim of our work is to provide assistance in prenatal and postnatal genetic counseling by systematically delineating the current knowledge of the condition. This entails defining the prenatal and postnatal characteristics of the condition and presenting novel data from three cases, both prenatally and postnatally. Additionally, we report the developmental outcomes observed in two new patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transactive energy market is an emerging development in energy economics built on advanced metering infrastructure. Data generated in this context is often required for market operations, while also being privacy sensitive. This dual concern has necessitated the development of various methods of obfuscation in order to maintain privacy while still facilitating operations. While data aggregation is a common approach in this context, many of the existing aggregation methods rely on additional network components or lack flexibility. In this paper, we introduce Cyclic Homomorphic Encryption Aggregation (CHEA), a secure aggregation protocol that eliminates the need for additional network components or complicated key distribution schemes, while providing additional capabilities compared to similar protocols. We validate our scheme with formal security analysis as well as a software simulation of a transactive energy network running the scheme. Results indicate that CHEA performs well in comparison to similar works, with minimal communication overheads. Additionally, CHEA retains all standard security properties held by other aggregation schemes, while improving flexibility and reducing infrastructural requirements. Our scheme operates on similar assumptions as other works, but current smart metering hardware lags in terms of processing power, making the scheme infeasible on the current generation of hardware. However, these capabilities should quickly advance to an accommodating state. With this in mind, and given the results, we believe CHEA is a strong candidate for aggregating transactive energy data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the observation of thermal photons from an accelerated electron via examination of radiative beta decay of free neutrons measured by the RDK II collaboration. The emitted photon spectrum is shown to corroborate a thermal distribution consistent with the dynamical Casimir effect. Supported by a robust chi-squared statistic, we find the photons reside in a 1D Planck spectrum with a temperature predicted by the moving mirror model. Subject Indices: B50 (Electromagnetic processes and properties), D29 (Nuclear decays and radioactivities (including fission)), and E76 (Quantum field theory on curved space) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the Casimir energy modifications due to the Lorentz-violating CPT-even contribution in an extension of the scalar QED. We have considered the complex scalar field satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions between two parallel plates separated by a small distance. An appropriate tensor parametrization allowed us to study the Casimir effect in three different configurations: isotropic, anisotropic parity-odd, and anisotropic parity-even. We have shown that the Lorentz-violating contributions can promote either an increase or a decrease in the Casimir energy evaluated in the isotropic configuration, depending on whether the violation parameters are taking as positive or negative values. On the other hand, for the anisotropic parity-even case the Casimir energy only decreases, while for the anisotropic parity-odd cases it only increases. Therefore, from these last two results it seems that the Casimir energy is sensitive to the parity of Lorentz-violating coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacterium causing respiratory tract infections mainly in the pediatric population. As a superantigen, it dysregulates the immune system and promotes immunological reactions. Dermatological symptoms occur in approximately one-fourth of the patients infected with this bacterium. This review describes skin diseases occurring during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Differences in the course of these diseases compared to their presentation associated with other etiological factors, are also discussed. Among the cutaneous manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, unspecific rashes and urticaria are the most common. This bacterium is also a frequent cause of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis, and erythema nodosum. Less frequently toxic epidermal necrolysis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, and Sweet syndrome are described. Familiarity with Mycoplasma-induced entities is important and can be useful in dermatological practice in determining the etiology and implementing appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the vast development in the cloud computing environment, many cloud users intend to outsource the data to a remote location and share the data with multiple users. The hierarchical model is an extensively used data organization process. It is highly complex to guarantee integrity, privacy, and confidentiality of the data and the structure of the model when the sensitive data is held in this manner. This research attempts to give a solution to hierarchically ensure the security and privacy of the information while data sharing occurs. A constructive hierarchical data sharing (CHDS) method is proposed to adopt symmetric encryption over the rooted hierarchical graph structure. The hierarchical graph model deals with incoming data features to establish the model's privacy and authenticity. Based on this model, the proposed CHDS is known to be transparent, secure, and confident in the public environment. Here, performance metrics like computational complexity, key generation, prediction accuracy, and execution time are evaluated. The outcomes provide the security of the multi-party environment without forfeiting sensible resources when the hierarchical model grows to a more significant number of siblings, edges, and vertices. The proposed CHDS gives a better trade-off when compared with various existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young athletes who do not report a concussion injury are at greater risk for a prolonged recovery time and further neurocognitive impairments. Despite the seriousness of the issue and the scale of the problem, not enough is known about the behavioural underpinnings of concussion underreporting in minor athletes. This paper aims to apply the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour (KAB) framework to the issue of injury reporting in adolescents, with the specific purpose of exploring to which degree concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and gender affect concussion reporting intentions of both male and female athletes. We recruited 97 young athletes between the ages of 14 and 19 (M = 16.22, SD = 11.06) from the Okanagan Hockey Academy (Canada) and employed a self-administered supervised survey approach to measuring the target variables. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted, and consistent with the prior literature, females were more likely to report a sport-related concussion than males. It was further found that attitudes around concussions (i.e., taking concussions seriously) were significant predictors of concussion reporting intention. At the same time, there was no significant relationship between concussion knowledge and concussion reporting intention. These results highlight that knowledge about concussion symptoms is insufficient to warrant proper injury reporting. It will therefore be essential to work on changing the attitudes of young athletes regarding the significance of concussions to achieve meaningful behavioural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate water intake and optimal hydration status during pregnancy are crucial for maternal and infant health. However, research on water intake by pregnant women in China is very limited. This study mainly aimed to observe the daily total water intake (TWI) of pregnant women and its different sources and to investigate the relationship between their water intake and hydration biomarkers. From October to November 2020, a convenience sample of pregnant women in the second trimester (n = 21) was recruited. Under conditions close to daily life, they undertook a 3-day metabolic trial. Each participant was provided with sufficient bottled water, and the weight of what they drank each time was measured. The intake of other beverages and foods was measured using a combination of weighing and duplicate portion method. Fasting venous blood and 24 h urine samples were collected and analyzed for the hydration biomarkers, including the serum/urine osmolality, urine pH, urine specific gravity, and the concentrations of major electrolytes in urine and serum. The results showed that the mean daily TWI was 3151 mL, of which water from beverages and foods accounted for 60.1% and 39.9%, respectively. The mean total fluid intake (TFI) was 1970 mL, with plain water being the primary contributor (68.7%, r = 0.896). Among the participants, 66.7% (n = 14, Group 1) met the TWI recommendation set by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Further analysis revealed that the TFI, water from beverages and foods, plain water, and milk and milk derivatives (MMDs) were significantly higher in Group 1 than those who did not reach the adequate intake value (Group 2) (p < 0.05). The results of hydration biomarkers showed that the mean 24 h urine volume in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Group 2 (p < 0.05), while the 24 h urine osmolality, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride, and creatinine concentrations in Group 1 were significantly lower than those in Group 2 (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in serum biomarkers. Partial correlation analysis showed that TWI was moderately positively correlated with 24 h urine volume (r = 0.675) and negatively correlated with urine osmolality, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and chloride concentrations (r = from−0.505 to −0.769), but it was not significantly correlated with serum biomarkers. Therefore, under free-living conditions, increasing the daily intake of plain water and MMDs is beneficial for pregnant women to maintain optimal hydration. The hydration biomarkers in urine are more accurate indicators of water intake and exhibit greater sensitivity compared to serum biomarkers. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing appropriate water intake and hydration status for pregnant women in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy services are in third place as major contributors to CO2 emissions among healthcare facilities, especially due to their massive waste production. One of the measures suggested to reduce this environmental impact is a reduction in histological examinations performed on biopsy specimens taken during endoscopy. A reliable candidate to reduce the rate of biopsies and, consequently, the impact of CO2 emissions could be EndoFaster®, an innovative medical device that allows one to suspect or rule out both H. pylori infection and precancerous lesions on the gastric mucosa by analyzing a small amount of gastric juice aspirated during endoscopy in real time. In the present study, we investigated the ability of EndoFaster® to reduce the environmental impact of upper endoscopy, comparing the CO2 production of standard biopsy sampling as suggested in guidelines and biopsies guided by real-time EndoFaster® results during endoscopy. By estimating an overall 90% rate of biopsies according to standard guidelines and a reduction of 50% of gastric biopsies based on EndoFaster® results, we calculated a 44% overall reduction in CO2 emissions, demonstrating that by using this tool, it is possible to distinctly reduce the contribution of upper endoscopy to global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) tend to have elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, which appear to correlate with disease severity and pregnancy outcomes. This was a retrospective observational study designed to assess the relationship between circulating AMH levels and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. The study involved 150 women with PCOS who underwent IVF treatments. The women's IVF cycles were allocated into three subgroups according to AMH levels: 'low' (AMH < 3.7 ng/mL; n = 49), 'middle' (AMH 3.7–7.4 ng/mL; n = 94), and 'high' (AMH > 7.4 ng/mL; n = 56). All pregnancy-related outcomes (positive beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and cumulative live birth rate) were greater in women's IVF cycles with 'low' AMH when compared to those with 'middle' or 'high' AMH (p < 0.05). AMH levels below 3.7 ng/mL were found to be associated with lower oocyte immaturity rate and better pregnancy outcomes, although baseline AMH was not shown to have any significant predictive power for live birth and cumulative live birth in the multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounders nor in the ROC analyses. In summary, the current study lays the groundwork to validate high AMH levels as a poor prognostic factor for pregnancy outcomes after IVF in women with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The central inframammary incisional approach for breast augmentation surgery disrupts the fifth anterior intercostal nerve-artery-vein-plexus. The authors hypothesized that preservation of the fifth anterior intercostal neurovascular pedicle might completely preserve nipple-areola complex (NAC) sensitivity after implant breast augmentation. Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze if the use of a laterally displaced incision achieves better sensitivity results than the conventional median submammary incision in females who underwent primary breast augmentation surgery. Methods A group of 25 female patients (50 breasts) underwent a surgical protocol for primary prepectoral implant breast augmentation with a laterally displaced submammary incision. This group was compared to a similar group of 25 patients (50 breasts) who underwent breast augmentation through a conventional submammary central approach. Sensitivity testing with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments was performed in both groups preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 14, and 30, and after 6 months. Results Both groups were similar in age, BMI, comorbidities, and implant volumes. Preoperatively, all patients reported normal sensory function in both breasts. Postoperatively, in the laterally displaced incision group, sensory function remained normal in NAC areas, whereas in the conventional incision group, all cases presented the same degree of sensitivity diminution at Days 2, 14, and 30 (P =.000). At 6 months, all values were the same as at Day 30. Conclusions Preservation of the fifth AIC pedicle resulted in complete preservation of preoperative NAC sensitivity. The laterally placed inframammary incision should be considered for patients undergoing primary prepectoral implant breast augmentation. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes and organizes recent research findings in information and communication technology security developments integrated with smart grids. A vital component of a smart grid is a smart meter. It is relevant because it can collect, process, and transport customer's data over the Internet. Whereas developments in smart grid and smart meter technologies have given new productivity gains, they have also presented new security concerns. Security is essential in defending both the smart grid and smart meter from cyber-attack. Guaranteeing safety is one of the most challenging aspects of designing and deploying a smart metering infrastructure. This study presents a thorough investigation of the integrity of smart metering technologies from multiple different viewpoints. It focuses on threats, countermeasures, and estimations. This article makes four contributions: First, all potential vulnerabilities in smart metering components are described and examined. Second, it assesses the impact of attacks that use these weaknesses to boost the performance of each part and the whole smart meter structure. Thirdly, potential countermeasures to defend smart meters are discussed. lastly, it discusses the unresolved issues surrounding smart meter security and future research areas. This evaluation is distinctive due to its exhaustive treatment of security weaknesses and attacks on smart meter components. In conclusion, the future vision is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important parts of medical care is the endoscopy sector, like digestive endoscopy, which has gained extensive importance and is assumably going to increase in the future. We aimed to analyse and synthesize the impact of digestive endoscopy upon the environment and the possible measures that can be taken to minimize the negative effects of endoscopy related to environmental pollution and human health exposure. The means through which digestive endoscopy produces pollution have been analysed, considering the frame and the base of the last stage of a medical or pharmaceutical product. This research suggests a strategy for improving the impact of this sector on the sustainability of the healthcare system based on four pillars comprising the use of eco-friendly substances, materials, and devices, reducing the consumption of water and all possible devices and energy, reusing those components that can be safely reinserted in the endoscopic circuit and recycling everything that is possible. The conclusions highlight that there is a great need to take control of medical practice, admitting the impact that the healthcare system has on global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, acknowledging the limited assets and wealth of the planet, and applying standards and scales of sustainability that can lead to responsible services for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: UTE has been used to depict lung parenchyma. However, the insufficient discussion of its performance in pediatric pneumonia compared with conventional sequences is a gap in the existing literature. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of 3D-UTE with that of 3D T1-GRE and T2-FSE sequences in young children diagnosed with pneumonia. Methods: Seventy-seven eligible pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia at our hospital, ranging in age from one day to thirty-five months, were enrolled in this study from March 2021 to August 2021. All patients underwent imaging using a 3 T pediatric MR scanner, which included three sequences: 3D-UTE, 3D-T1 GRE, and T2-FSE. Subjective analyses were performed by two experienced pediatric radiologists based on a 5-point scale according to six pathological findings (patchy shadows/ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, nodule, bulla/cyst, linear opacity, and pleural effusion/thickening). Additionally, they assessed image quality, including the presence of artifacts, and evaluated the lung parenchyma. Interrater agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Differences among the three sequences were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The visualization of pathologies in most parameters (patchy shadows/GGO, consolidation, nodule, and bulla/cyst) was superior with UTE compared to T2-FSE and T1 GRE. The visualization scores for linear opacity were similar between UTE and T2-FSE, and both were better than T1-GRE. In the case of pleural effusion/thickening, T2-FSE outperformed the other sequences. However, statistically significant differences between UTE and other sequences were only observed for patchy shadows/GGO and consolidation. The overall image quality was superior or at least comparable with UTE compared to T2-FSE and T1-GRE. Interobserver agreements for all visual assessments were significant and rated "substantial" or "excellent." Conclusions: In conclusion, UTE MRI is a useful and promising method for evaluating pediatric pneumonia, as it provided better or similar visualization of most imaging findings compared with T2-FSE and T1-GRE. We suggest that the UTE MRI is well-suited for pediatric population, especially in younger children with pneumonia who require longitudinal and repeated imaging for clinical care or research and are susceptible to ionizing radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to discussing spinning particles' motion in the surrounding dynamic phantom AdS Black hole (BH) with phantom scalar field k. The primary goal of this research is to differentiate between the effects of electric and magnetic charges on dynamic phantom AdS BH. The study analyzes the dependence of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), responsible for interactions between charged particles and the external magnetic field, and observes the circular orbits of particles revolving around the compact object. It is also observed that as electric and magnetic charges increase, the ISCO radius decreases. Additionally, stability of orbit, Keplerian frequency, and harmonic oscillations of charged particles are also discussed. We also find the condition, electric and magnetic charges of the dynamic phantom AdS BH effect the energy of the center of mass with magnetized, electrically charged, and neutral particles due to the collision. Lastly, we discuss the accretion process and obtain generalized equations for the speed of sound c s 2 sec, 4-velocity u(r), energy density ρ (r) and mass ( M ˙ ). We also plot these physical parameters against constant values of mass, electric and magnetic charges, and distinct values of state parameter ω to study the accretion process. We observe that radial velocity and energy density of the fluid remain positive and negative, and the rate of change of mass is increased and decreased for stiff, dust, quintessence, and phantom-like fluid, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we aimed to investigate the dynamics of spinning charged and magnetized test particles around both electrically and magnetically charged quantum-improved black holes. We derive the equations of motion for charged spinning test particles using the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon ***equations with the Lorentz coupling term. The radius of innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs), specific angular momentum, and energy for charged spinless, uncharged spinning, and charged spinning test particles around the charged and non-charged quantum-improved black holes are analyzed separately. We found that the quantum parameter increases the maximum spin value, s max , which leads to the nonphysical motion (superluminal motion) of the charged spinning test particle. In contrast, the black hole charge decreases its value. We also found that, in contrast to the Reissner Nordström black hole, spinning charged test particles in the quantum-improved charged black hole have higher s max ; moreover, positively charged spinning particles can have higher values of s max near the extreme black hole cases when compared with uncharged spinning particles. Finally, we investigate the magnetized test particle's dynamics in the spacetime of a quantum-improved magnetically charged black hole in Quantum Einstein Gravity using the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. We show that the presence of ω increases the maximum value of the effective potential and decreases the minimum energy and angular momentum of magnetized particles at their circular orbits. We found an upper constraint in the black hole charge at the ISCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of electromagnetic interactions among test particles with electric charges and magnetic dipole moments is of great significance when examining the dynamics of particles within strong gravitational fields surrounding black holes. In this work, we focus on investigating the dynamics of particles possessing both electric charges and magnetic dipole moments in the spacetime of a Schwarzschild black hole within the framework of modified gravity (MOG), denoted as a Schwarzschild-MOG black hole. Our approach begins by offering a solution to Maxwell's equations for the angular component of the electromagnetic four potentials within Schwarzschild-MOG spacetime. Subsequently, we derive the equations of motion and establish the effective potential for particles engaged in circular motion. This is achieved using a hybrid formulation of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, encompassing interactions between electric charges and magnetic dipole moments, the external magnetic field (assumed to be asymptotically uniform), and interactions between the particles and the MOG field. Furthermore, we investigate the impacts of these three types of interactions on critical parameters, including the radius of innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs), as well as the energy and angular momentum of particles when situated at their respective ISCOs. Finally, a detailed analysis concerning the effects of these interactions on the center-of-mass energy is presented in collisions involving neutral, electrically charged, and magnetized particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To establish cut-off values for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) in the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) applicable to the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) 2024 criteria and the Rotterdam/International Evidence-Based Guideline for the assessment and management of PCOS (IEBG) 2023 criteria based on a nationwide survey, respectively, taking into account age, assays, and structure of the diagnostic criteria., Methods: Data were collected for 986 PCOS cases and 965 control cases using a national survey in Japan and used to establish cut-off values for AMH and AFC., Results: Serum AMH levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group. Serum AMH showed a significant negative correlation with age and significant positive correlation with AFC in both groups. In multiple regression analysis, serum AMH level was independently affected by AFC and total testosterone. AMH cut-off values suitable for the JSOG 2024 criteria and the Rotterdam/IEBG 2023 criteria were separately established for the 20-29 and 30-39 years of age groups, respectively, and for Access, Lumipulse and Elecsys/ECLusys, respectively. AFC cut-off values suitable for the JSOG 2024 criteria and Rotterdam/IEBG 2023 criteria were also established separately. AFC exhibited statistically greater variability than AMH., Conclusion: The serum AMH level is the biochemical representation of ovarian findings in PCOS and considered objective and highly reliable. Therefore, it could serve as a surrogate for AFC as a marker of polycystic ovarian morphology in diagnostic criteria., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

The article provides a fresh reading of The Right to be Lazy by Paul Lafargue (1842–1911). Lafargue's text, first published in 1880, has recently been republished. The article examines the resurgent interest in Lafargue in light of current debates about retirement age and shortened working days. It points to the shaping of Lafargue's essay by his experience of a kin-based organization of intellectual production: Lafargue was a son-in-law of Karl Marx and was configured in the Marx circle as a mixed-race Creole. Changes in the reception of Lafargue's critique of the "dogma of work" are noted, and the article argues that the double suicide of Lafargue and his wife sheds its own light upon his famous essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a novel solution in Einstein–Maxwell theory that represents the magnetized Taub–NUT spacetime incorporating the Manko–Ruiz parameter. We investigate various aspects of this spacetime, including its curvature, closed timelike curve, and electromagnetic fields. Additionally, we explore the phenomenon of Hawking radiation within this magnetized spacetime by employing the tunneling picture. Our findings shed light on the unique characteristics and physical implications of the magnetized Taub–NUT spacetime with the Manko–Ruiz parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the multiplicative-noise rational expectations (MRE) problem. By resorting to a linear quadratic optimal control (LQOC) problem, the approximate solution to the MRE problem can be obtained. It is worth highlighting that this approximate solution can be highly close to the exact solution by adjusting weighted matrices in the cost function of the LQOC problem. Since the conditional expectation of the state is involved in the cost function, the LQOC problem is an optimization control with an additional measurability restriction, which is very involved. The orthogonal decomposition technique is used to deal with this measurability restriction. The solvability condition and the optimal decision are given by developing generalized Riccati-type equations. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the achieved results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of test particles in the vicinity of a black hole within the framework of a gravitational aether model. First, we explored the structure of spacetime by analyzing the curvature scalars. Then, we studied particle dynamics around a black hole using the Hamilton–Jacobi equation.The influence of the aether on the effective potential of the radial motion of test particles around the black hole has been investigated. The dependence of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) on the aether parameter has also been investigated. We also considered particle collision near the black hole in the presence of aether, and studied the fundamental frequencies of the orbital motion of the test particles around the black hole in the presence of aether. Further, we applied the obtained results to the analysis of the upper and lower frequencies of twin-peaked quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) occurring near black holes. Finally, we use theoretical and numerical results to obtain constraints on model parameters using observation data in QPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]