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The aim of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative linear, planar, and volumetric measurements in the pharyngeal airway in orthognathic surgery patients. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients, who underwent maxillary advancement with mandibular setback (Group I, n=25) and bimaxillary advancement (Group II, n=35), were compared. The airway was divided into 3 regions as nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Linear and planar measurements were made on the reference sections of each region. The minimum axial airway area, the volume of 3 regions, and total airway volume were also measured. Regarding the linear, planar, and volumetric measurements, while there was a statistically significant increase in the measurements for all three regions in Group II, in Group I only the measurements in the nasopharyngeal region demonstrated a statistically significant increase postoperatively ( P <0.05). There was an increase in minimum axial airway areas in both groups; however, it was only statistically significant in Group II ( P <0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in total airway volumes in both groups ( P <0.05). A positive and good correlation was found between the percent increase in the minimum axial area and the percent increase in the total volume ( P <0.05). While bimaxillary advancement surgery results in a significant increase in the pharyngeal airway, mandibular setback with maxillary advancement caused an increase in the total airway. Changes that may occur in the airway should be considered while planning orthognathic surgery., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Objective: This retrospective study evaluated the mandibular condyle position before and after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery performed with the mandibular condyle positioned manually in patients with mandibular prognathism using cone-beam computed tomography., Methods: Overall, 88 mandibular condyles from 44 adult patients (20 female and 24 male) diagnosed with mandibular prognathism due to skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and Le Fort I performed using the manual condyle positioning method were included. Cone-beam computed tomography images obtained 1-2 weeks before (T0) and approximately 6 months after (T1) surgery were analyzed in three planes using 3D Slicer software. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 level., Results: Significant inward rotation of the left mandibular condyle and significant outward rotation of the right mandibular condyle were observed in the axial and coronal planes ( P < 0.05). The positions of the right and left condyles in the sagittal plane and the distance between the most medial points of the condyles in the coronal plane did not differ significantly ( P > 0.05)., Conclusions: While the change in the sagittal plane can be maintained as before surgery with manual positioning during the BSSRO procedure, significant inward and outward rotation was observed in the axial and coronal planes, respectively, even in the absence of concomitant temporomandibular joint disorder before or after the operation. Further long-term studies are needed to correlate these findings with possible clinical consequences.

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the mandibular cortical and trabecular morphology and microarchitecture of patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and compare them to those of healthy individuals by examining radiomorphometric indices on panoramic radiographs., Study Design: We examined a group of 56 FMF patients aged 5 to 71 years and an age- and sex-matched control group of individuals with no systemic diseases. We classified the FMF and control groups according to age and sex and the FMF group according to colchicine use. We evaluated the quantitative radiomorphometic indices of gonial index, antegonial index, molar cortical thickness, mental index, panoramic mandibular index, and lacunarity, and the qualitative mandibular cortical index on all panoramic radiographs and performed between and within group analysis., Results: Mean gonial index, antegonial index, and molar cortical thickness values of the FMF group were significantly smaller than those of the control group. Significantly fewer patients in the FMF group were classified as mandibular cortical index type 1 compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in quantitative index values according to colchicine use in the FMF group or regarding the categorical parameters of age, sex, and mandibular cortical index classification., Conclusions: Radiomorphometric values of the mandibular basal cortex posterior to the mental foramen differ significantly in FMF patients compared to healthy counterparts. Dentists should note mandibular morphologic changes indicative of low bone density when examining panoramic images of patients with this disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To compare cord-blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels between female newborns from women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome., Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between June 2020 and January 2021. In total, 408 women gave birth to a female during the study period. Of those, 45 had a polycystic ovary syndrome-like history. We did not find the preconceptional history of 16 women. Two women were excluded due to other endocrine disorders. The polycystic ovary syndrome group consisted of 27 women with polycystic ovary syndrome that gave birth to a female newborn during the study period and the non-polycystic ovary syndrome control group consisted of 33 women who had regular cycles prior to pregnancy, were never diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, and gave birth to female newborns. The primary outcome measure was the cord-blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels., Results: The median cord-blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels of female newborns from polycystic ovary syndrome patients were significantly higher than those in the non-polycystic ovary syndrome group (0.33ng/ml vs. 0.12ng/ml, respectively; p<0.001). In addition, cord blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly higher in both obese and non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients when compared to body-mass-index-matched non- polycystic ovary syndrome patients (0.37ng/ml vs. 0.06ng/ml, respectively; p=0.013 and 0.30ng/ml vs. 0.11 ng/ml, respectively; p=0.003)., Conclusions: The cord blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels were higher in female newborns of women with polycystic ovary syndrome when compared to non-polycystic ovary syndrome controls. The effect of polycystic ovary syndrome seems to be greater than body mass index on cord blood anti-Müllerian hormone levels.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between proximity of the root apices of healthy maxillary posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and mucosal thickening (MT) of the MSF using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: Eighty-four CBCT images obtained from the patients, aged between 20 and 70 years with healthy and fully dentate maxillary posterior sextants, were included. The anatomical relationship between root apices of maxillary posterior teeth and MSF, was evaluated: (Type 1: no contact, Type 2: at least one root apex in contact, Type 3: at least one root apex protruding into MSF). Besides, MT of the MSF was measured from the thickest region. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the absence (≤ 2 mm) or the presence (2 < mm) of MT. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05., Results: Intraexaminer consistency demonstrated an excellent agreement (p < 0.05). The prevalence of Type 1, 2, and 3 proximity were found as 26 (15.5%), 61 (36.3%), and 81 (48.2%); respectively. Overall, 62 (36.9%) maxillary sinuses demonstrated MT (2 < mm, mean: 8.6 ± 7.5 mm). The prevalence and mean values of MT (2 < mm) were not found to be statistically significantly different in terms of sex and proximity types (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis results were not found to be statistically significant (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: The proximity of healthy maxillary posterior teeth to the MSF was not found to be a contributing factor for the MT of the MSF. Further studies with larger samples, taking the other factors causing MT into consideration, are needed., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Japanese Society for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic condition that may cause loss of bone mineral density (BMD) due to chronic inflammation. Previously, fractal dimension (FD) analysis values of mandibular cortical bone were shown to be lower in osteoporosis. Therefore, FD might be considered as an auxiliary tool to refer patients for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the gold standard for BMD measurement. The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective study was to evaluate trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the mandible with FD analysis on panoramic radiographs in a subpopulation of FMF. Also, the effect of colchicine use was investigated. Forty-three FMF patients, aged between 10.8 and 71.2 years, and age- and gender-matched control group consisting of patients, who had no systemic diseases, were included. Demographic information such as age and gender, and colchicine use were recorded. In terms of age, the patients were classified as <30 and 30< years. On each panoramic radiographs five regions of interest were selected on the mandible as: 1- premolar, 2- molar, 3- angular, 4- condylar, and 5- basal cortical bone regions on right (R) and left (L) sides. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05 level. Intra- and inter-observer agreements demonstrated good to excellent consistency. In FMF patients, L3 and L4 values were higher, whereas L5 values were lower (p<0.05) than the control group. In terms of age, the difference between groups was insignificant in FMF patients (p>0.05), whereas in control group R3 and L4 values were higher in the 30< age group (p<0.05). Regarding gender and colchicine use, the difference between groups was insignificant (p>0.05). FMF disease might be a candidate for referral to DXA examination based on decreased bone density in the mandibular cortex detected by FD measurements on routine panoramic radiographs. Further studies are warranted to ascertain this relationship., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Ersan, Özel. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)