12 results on '"Erdöl"'
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2. Rohstoffexporte: Gibt es einen ‚Fluch der Rohstoffe‘?
- Author
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Tetzlaff, Rainer, Holtkamp, Lars, Series Editor, Kaina, Viktoria, Series Editor, Lütz, Susanne, Series Editor, Stoiber, Michael, Series Editor, Töller, Annette Elisabeth, Series Editor, and Tetzlaff, Rainer
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Energie in Europa: Aktuelle Situation und Ausblick.
- Author
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Drnek, Thomas L.
- Abstract
Copyright of BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
4. A Marriage of Convenience on the Rocks? Revisiting the Sino–Angolan Relationship.
- Author
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de Carvalho, Paulo, Kopiński, Dominik, and Taylor, Ian
- Subjects
PETROLEUM sales & prices ,INTROSPECTION ,BILATERAL trade ,PETROLEUM - Abstract
Copyright of Africa Spectrum is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Contested Futures: Reimagining Energy Infrastructures in the First Oil Crisis
- Author
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Suckert, Lisa, Ergen, Timur, Suckert, Lisa, and Ergen, Timur
- Abstract
The oil crisis of 1973/74 is commonly seen as the advent of state-led attempts to restructure rich societies' energy infrastructures. Indeed, from a historical perspective, crises have repeatedly facilitated infrastructural transformations toward sustainability. But under what conditions can crises challenge existing orders and promote alternative infrastructures? Drawing on a historical vignette that reconstructs the public discourse emerging around the first oil crisis in the United States, this article proposes to reconsider the transformative potential of crises from a perspective focusing on the contested constitution of the future. We argue that the potential of crises to foster broader processes of infrastructural change is dependent on the capacity of actors to discursively challenge hopes and expectations inscribed in established infrastructures. As the example of the first oil crisis illustrates, crises are instances in which political actors engage in interpretative struggles to settle on whether disruptions present "real" crises that require infrastructural transformation - or are mere accidents, errors, or irregularities that existent infrastructure can either withstand or requires only minor adaption as a result. In these discursive struggles, images of the future are contested on three layers: tangible experiences are linked to or detached from broader future consequences; potential causes are projected into the future or relegated to the past; and feasible future remedies are conceived or discarded. It is on these three layers of crisis discourse that the future is "opened up," and alternative infrastructures become conceivable.
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- 2023
6. Iraq 20 Years after the US Invasion: Challenges and Continuity
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Woertz, Eckart and German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien
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China ,Korruption ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,corruption ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Irak ,United States of America ,post-war society ,islamism ,Middle East ,Nachkriegsgesellschaft ,Nachkriegszeit ,war ,internationale Beziehungen ,Political science ,crude oil ,USA ,arabische Länder ,Bevölkerungsentwicklung ,Energiepolitik ,international relations ,Wirtschaft ,population development ,Erdöl ,Arab countries ,renewable energy ,erneuerbare Energie ,Europe ,internationaler Wettbewerb ,economy ,international competition ,post-war period ,ddc:320 ,Iraq ,Energiewirtschaft ,energy industry ,Europa ,Nahost ,energy policy ,Krieg ,Islamismus - Abstract
Two decades after the US invasion of Iraq, the civil war of the years that followed and the ravages of the Islamic State have faded into the background. Yet the country remains shaken by internal cleavages, torn apart by corruption, and vulnerable to influence operations by external actors. Overcoming economic crisis and infrastructural shortcomings could contribute to greater political stability. Oil production has doubled over the past two decades. The historical underdevelopment of the Iraqi oil sector has been reversed, yet the federal oil law has been contested between Baghdad and Erbil. Natural gas production has grown in recent years as well, but still falls short of providing enough energy to the power grid. The country is a net importer of natural gas, relying on supplies from Iran. Oil remains paramount for the Iraqi state, its budget, exports, and its economy. Heavy industries like fertilisers and petrochemicals could enhance the value chain of Iraq's primary resources that include the second-largest phosphate reserves worldwide. Population growth in Iraq is still high. Beyond hydrocarbons, economic diversification in other areas is urgently needed. This could include alternative energies, light industries, education, services, water management, and a reorientation of agriculture. Iraq ranks 157 out of 180 in the Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International. Its consociational muhasasa system, which allocates power along sectarian lines, is abetting such corruption and thus requires reform. Iraq can be a vital partner for European energy cooperation and not only in hydrocarbons, but competition from China is stiff. Europe is already eyeing collaboration with Middle East and North Africa countries on the production of green hydrogen. Interconnectors of electricity grids within and beyond the region as well as storage solutions are needed to increase the share of renewables involved in power generation.
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- 2023
7. Die globale Abkehr von fossiler Energie: Ein blinder Fleck der Klimaaußenpolitik
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Thielges, Sonja
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Erdgas ,Ausstieg aus fossilen Energieträgern ,ddc:320 ,Klimaschutz ,Kohle ,Pariser Klimaabkommen ,Erdöl ,UN-Klimarahmenkonvention (UNFCCC) ,Klimaaußenpolitik ,Klimaneutralität ,Vertragsstaatenkonferenz (COP) - Abstract
Mit Sorge blickt die Weltgemeinschaft auf die nahende Präsidentschaft der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate bei der diesjährigen Vertragsstaatenkonferenz (COP) der UN-Klimarahmenkonvention (UNFCCC). Bisher glänzte der Ölproduzent nicht mit Anstrengungen für den Klimaschutz, und Sultan Al Jaber, der diesjährige COP-Vorsitzende, ist Chef der Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, einer der größten Ölfirmen der Welt. Um den Anstieg der durchschnittlichen Erdtemperatur gemäß Pariser Klimaabkommen möglichst auf 1,5 Grad Celsius über dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, strebt die Staatengemeinschaft Klimaneutralität in der zweiten Hälfte des Jahrhunderts an. Dafür muss in globalen Energiesystemen der weitgehende Ausstieg aus den fossilen Energieträgern gelingen - wo diese jedoch nach wie vor dominieren. Eine Trendwende lässt sich nicht absehen. Dass ein vollständiger fossiler Ausstieg momentan nicht zu erwarten ist, geht in klimapolitischen Debatten oft unter. Er ist in den meisten Ländern weder politisch gewollt noch in Langfristplänen vorgesehen. Ein geordnetes, zügiges Herunterfahren ist allerdings nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern absolut nötig, um die richtigen Investitionsanreize zu setzen und auch Sicherheiten für fossile Produzenten zu schaffen. Entsprechende Politik- und Governance-Instrumente müssen dringend weiterentwickelt werden, denn die Zeit drängt.
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- 2023
8. Europas Energiekrise und der östliche Mittelmeerraum: Über Zielkonflikte zwischen Versorgungssicherheit, Klimaschutz und regionaler Stabilität
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Rau, Moritz and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
- Subjects
Ägypten ,Turkey ,national border ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,climate protection ,Türkei ,Zypern ,Staatsgrenze ,Mediterranean region ,Lebanon ,Israel ,Political science ,internationales Abkommen ,ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone ,EU member state ,Libanon ,internationaler Konflikt ,Erdöl ,Mittelmeerraum ,natural gas ,Dekarbonisierung ,EU-Staat ,energy industry ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Türkische Republik Nordzypern ,Erdgas ,Rohstoff ,Politikwissenschaft ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Erdgasimport ,Klimaschutz ,crude oil ,AWZ ,EC ,Zypernkonflikt ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Griechenland ,EG ,Republik Zypern ,erneuerbare Energie ,raw materials ,Cyprus ,ddc:320 ,Energiewirtschaft ,international agreement ,Flüssiggas ,LNG ,östlicher Mittelmeerraum ,Energiebedarf ,Erdölgewinnung/Erdgasgewinnung ,Erschließung von Lagerstätten ,Exklusive Wirtschaftszone (Seerecht) ,Rohstoffabkommen ,Energietransport ,Pipeline ,gasförmige Brennstoffe ,Energiewende ,Seegrenze ,International relations ,international conflict ,EU ,Wasserstoff ,ddc:327 - Abstract
Angesichts des russischen Krieges gegen die Ukraine und der gefährdeten Energieversorgung Europas gewinnt der östliche Mittelmeerraum wieder an politischer Aufmerksamkeit. Im Fokus stehen dabei einerseits bisher unerschlossene Erdgasvorkommen und andererseits Perspektiven für eine zukünftige Versorgung mit grünem Strom und Wasserstoff. Doch die Konflikte Griechenlands und der Republik Zypern mit der Türkei bedrohen die Zusammenarbeit auf allen Ebenen. Die EU steht vor einer dreifachen Herausforderung: Sie muss das kurzfristige Problem der Energiesicherheit mit der langfristigen Aufgabe der Energiewende zusammendenken, ihren beiden Mitgliedstaaten Griechenland und Zypern zur Seite stehen und gleichzeitig prüfen, inwieweit eine Einbindung der Türkei in laufende und künftige Projekte der regionalen Energiekooperation gelingen bzw. deeskalierend wirken kann. (Autorenreferat)
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- 2023
9. Decarbonising EU-Turkey energy cooperation: challenges and prospects
- Author
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Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Tastan, Kadri, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, and Tastan, Kadri
- Abstract
Russia's attack on Ukraine has once again highlighted Europe's heavy dependence on Russian natural gas and thus, among other things, underlined the significance of energy cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Turkey. Traditionally, Turkish-European energy relations have prioritised the diversification of energy resources in the face of Europe's dependence on Russia. The new emerging political, geopolitical, and energy context will have repercussions on Turkish-European energy relation. However, it is the ambitious process of decarbonisation of the economy and energy launched by the EU that will decisively shape the nature and future of Turkey-EU energy relations. Indeed, both European and Turkish interests related to energy security, energy affordability, and climate change mitigation require EU-Turkey cooperation in the decarbonisation process, which is expected to be very challenging. Energy transition is the key to medium- and long-term energy security for both sides. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
10. Decarbonising EU-Turkey energy cooperation: challenges and prospects
- Author
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Tastan, Kadri and Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik -SWP- Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit
- Subjects
Erdgas ,Turkey ,Politikwissenschaft ,energy supply ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Türkei ,spezielle Ressortpolitik ,Import ,internationale Zusammenarbeit ,Political science ,crude oil ,international cooperation ,Energiepolitik ,Energieversorgung ,climate policy ,Erdöl ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Special areas of Departmental Policy ,renewable energy ,erneuerbare Energie ,natural gas ,Klimapolitik ,ddc:320 ,Energiewirtschaft ,energy industry ,International relations ,Fossile Brennstoffe ,Versorgungssicherheit ,Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ,Erdölgewinnung/Erdgasgewinnung ,Importabhängigkeit ,Wechselwirkung von sektoralen und gesamtpolitischen Prozessen ,Innenpolitische Faktoren ,Außenpolitische Faktoren ,Klimawandel ,Wasserstoff ,Elektrizitätsversorgung ,Russische Föderation ,Ukraine ,Aggression (militärisch) ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,EU ,energy policy ,ddc:327 - Abstract
Russia's attack on Ukraine has once again highlighted Europe's heavy dependence on Russian natural gas and thus, among other things, underlined the significance of energy cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Turkey. Traditionally, Turkish-European energy relations have prioritised the diversification of energy resources in the face of Europe's dependence on Russia. The new emerging political, geopolitical, and energy context will have repercussions on Turkish-European energy relation. However, it is the ambitious process of decarbonisation of the economy and energy launched by the EU that will decisively shape the nature and future of Turkey-EU energy relations. Indeed, both European and Turkish interests related to energy security, energy affordability, and climate change mitigation require EU-Turkey cooperation in the decarbonisation process, which is expected to be very challenging. Energy transition is the key to medium- and long-term energy security for both sides. (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2022
11. Natural bitumen is an extraordinary habitat for microorganisms
- Author
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Pannekens, Mark, Meckenstock, Rainer U. (Akademische Betreuung), and Meckenstock, Rainer U.
- Subjects
Mikrobiologie -- Bitumen -- Habitat -- Erdöl -- Biologischer Abbau -- Biofilm -- Asphalt -- Anaerober Stoffwechsel ,Biofilm ,Chemie ,Anaerober Stoffwechsel ,Asphalt ,Biologischer Abbau ,Erdöl ,Fakultät für Chemie ,Habitat ,ddc:570 ,Bitumen ,ddc:540 ,Mikrobiologie ,ddc:500 - Abstract
Microorganisms are found in almost every petroleum reservoir with moderate temperatures. Moreover, most of the world’s petroleum deposits are dominated by biologically altered heavy oil and bitumen. Most biodegradation in deep subsurface reservoirs takes place at the oil-water transition zone (OWTZ). This is the contact zone of a petroleum-bearing layer and an underlaying water leg. However, investigations of natural occurring processes in deep petroleum reservoirs are challenging due to a lack of undisturbed non-mixed samples. Furthermore, artificial cultivation causes changes in the microbial community composition and metabolic rates. Fortunately, a recent study found microbial life enclosed in microliter-sized water droplets dispersed in bitumen of the Pitch Lake, located in Trinidad and Tobago. These findings suggest that microbial life, and thus biodegradation additionally takes place in water enclosures independently of the OWTZ. These micro habitats are an exceptional opportunity to get representative insights in microbial life in deep subsurface petroleum reservoirs. However, the question occurs whether microbially inhabited water droplets are a generic trait in bitumen reservoirs rather than a unique phenomenon of the Pitch Lake. This study investigates microbial life enclosed in microliter-sized water droplets in bitumen, and its impact on the overall biodegradation process. Hence, samples were taken from three different bitumen seeps: The Pitch Lake (La Brea, Trinidad and Tobago), the La Brea Tar Pits (Los Angeles, California, USA), and an unnamed oil seep on the McKittrick oil field (McKittrick, California, USA). First investigations regarding dispersed water revealed the presence of 1-10 µl sized water droplets in all three tested bitumen seeps. Additional three-dimensional computed tomography scans of Pitch Lake bitumen revealed a multitude of smaller water inclusions, Mikroorganismen können in fast allen Erdöllagerstätten mit gemäßigten Temperaturen nachgewiesen werden. Weltweit werden die meisten Erdöllagerstätten von biologisch abgebautem Schweröl und Bitumen dominiert. Der größte Teil des biologischen Abbaus in tiefen unterirdischen Lagerstätten findet an der Öl-Wasser-Übergangszone (eng. OWTZ) statt. Dies ist eine Kontaktzone zwischen einer erdölführenden Schicht und einer darunter liegenden Wasserschicht. Die Untersuchung natürlicher Prozesse in tiefen Erdöllagerstätten ist aufgrund mangelnder ungestörter und nicht durchmischter Proben schwierig. Zusätzlich führt eine künstliche Kultivierung zu Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung von natürlich vorkommenden mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften und Abweichungen in den Stoffwechselraten. In einer aktuellen Studie wurden Mikroorganismen in mikrolitergroßen Wassertropfen gefunden, die im Bitumen des Pitch Lake in Trinidad und Tobago verteilt waren. Diese Einschlüsse deuten darauf hin, dass mikrobielles Leben und somit biologischer Abbau auch unabhängig von der OWTZ in Wassereinschlüssen vorkommen. Dadurch sind diese eingeschlossenen und separierten Mikrohabitate eine außergewöhnliche Möglichkeit allgemeine Einblicke in das mikrobielle Leben in tiefen unterirdischen Erdöllagerstätten zu erhalten. Es bleibt jedoch zu klären, ob mikrobiell besiedelte Wassertropfen ein generelles Merkmal in Bitumenlagerstätten sind oder nur eine Ausnahme im Pitch Lake. Diese Studie untersucht mikrobielles Leben in mikrolitergroßen Wassertropfen in Bitumen und seine Auswirkungen auf den gesamten biologischen Abbauprozess. Dafür wurden Proben aus drei unterschiedlichen Bitumenlagerstätten entnommen: Dem Pitch Lake (La Brea, Trinidad und Tobago), den La Brea Tar Pits (Los Angeles, Kalifornien, USA) und einer unbenannten Quelle auf dem McKittrick-Ölfeld (McKittrick, Kalifornien, USA). Erste Untersuchungen bezüglich kleinster Wassereinschlüsse bestätigten das Vorkommen von 1‑10 µL großen Wassertropfen in allen drei untersuchten Bitumenlagerstätten. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen mittels dreidimensionaler Computertomographie von Bitumen aus dem Pitch Lake zeigten eine große Anzahl kleinerer Wassereinschlüsse
- Published
- 2022
12. Contested Futures: Reimagining Energy Infrastructures in the First Oil Crisis
- Author
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Suckert, Lisa and Ergen, Timur
- Subjects
future ,conflict ,Sociology of Economics ,energy supply ,Ecology, Environment ,infrastructure ,United States of America ,Sociology & anthropology ,Ökologie und Umwelt ,Crisis ,oil crisis 1973/74 ,Ökologie ,ddc:577 ,Diskurs ,crude oil ,interpretation ,USA ,Ecology ,Nachhaltigkeit ,transformation ,Infrastruktur ,Energieversorgung ,Erdöl ,sustainability ,United States ,disruption ,Krise ,crisis ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,discourse ,ddc:301 ,infrastructures ,Wirtschaftssoziologie ,energy - Abstract
The oil crisis of 1973/74 is commonly seen as the advent of state-led attempts to restructure rich societies’ energy infrastructures. Indeed, from a historical perspective, crises have repeatedly facilitated infrastructural transformations toward sustainability. But under what conditions can crises challenge existing orders and promote alternative infrastructures? Drawing on a historical vignette that reconstructs the public discourse emerging around the first oil crisis in the United States, this article proposes to reconsider the transformative potential of crises from a perspective focusing on the contested constitution of the future. We argue that the potential of crises to foster broader processes of infrastructural change is dependent on the capacity of actors to discursively challenge hopes and ex-pectations inscribed in established infrastructures. As the example of the first oil crisis illustrates, crises are instances in which political actors engage in interpretative struggles to settle on whether disruptions present “real” crises that require infrastructural transformation – or are mere accidents, errors, or irregularities that existent infrastructure can either withstand or requires only minor adaption as a result. In these discursive struggles, images of the future are contested on three layers: tangible experiences are linked to or detached from broader future consequences; potential causes are projected into the future or relegated to the past; and feasible future remedies are conceived or discarded. It is on these three layers of crisis dis-course that the future is “opened up,” and alternative infrastructures become conceivable., Historical Social Research Vol. 47, No. 4 (2022): Special Issue: Ruptures, Transformations, Continuities. Rethinking Infrastructures and Ecology. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1
- Published
- 2022
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