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Charles Bell was famous for the discovery of the separate motor and sensory roots of the spinal and facial nerves, although in recent years his right to priority has been challenged by historians and scientists. But Charles Bell did discover something even if has not been accorded the status of a scientific fact. Between 1821 and 1823 he unveiled the 'respiratory nervous system', a distinct system of nerves that acted as the 'organ of the passions', which he then elaborated upon in his 1824 Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression. As Bell and his allies attempted to claim priority in the spinal and facial nerves, the respiratory nerves were pushed to the background, subordinated to the motor and sensory nerves. This essay, therefore, redefines Charles Bell's major discovery as the 'respiratory nerves', providing a detailed description of their anatomy and physiology and the way in which they underwrote Bell's theory of the emotions. It also demonstrates how his aesthetics were intertwined with his research programme. It then connects the respiratory nerves to Thomas Dixon's assertion that Bell was one of the founders of the modern psychological category of the emotions, providing a deeper and more nuanced genealogy of the emotions, including the impact that Bell had upon William James's seminal article 'What is an Emotion?' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish like any other language is the product of its history and culture. Numbers are all around us and play a crucial role in our everyday lives; therefore, idioms with both cardinal and ordinal numerals which do not determine their meaning not only are commonly used in Mexican Spanish but also permeate everyday language making it efficient and economical on the one hand yet expressive and eloquent on the other. Most idiomatic expressions with numbers originated in Spain, came to be used by Latin American peoples and are still widespread in the region; others, on the contrary, are in use only in Mexico or other Latin American countries. The etymology of some colloquial phrases is clear, which makes them easy to understand, while others may be of unknown origin. Expressions with cardinal numerals appear to be more productive than those with ordinal numerals. In some cases, idioms with cardinal and ordinal numerals coincide in meaning since idiomatic expressions represent human actions and feelings; as a result, both types of phrases convey meanings related to emotions, opportunity and socio-economic circumstances.

This study aims at explore the cultural untranslatability for expressions found in Iraqi culture. Different expressions have been chosen from Iraqi environment, which are widely used in Iraqi tongue, as a sample of the research. The researcher tries to show the cultural dimension for each expression and then explain why these expressions are untranslatability. The study found out that some Iraqi expressions are unable to translate due to the religious, ethical, psychological, and tribal dimensions that effect on the Iraqi people life to produce such expressions. The study showed that the impact of such dimensions is limited to Iraqi cultural aspects, because it has no similarities in other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research discusses Japanese and Indonesian expressions of hospitality at hotels. It is necessary to know how to use Japanese and Indonesian expressions in hospitality, how to welcome guests in time of check-in check out in Japanese and Indonesian. The students can better understand their use when working in Japanese hotels. In addition, this research can provide knowledge to the students when participating in Japanese language professional certification competencies. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method and the research aims to find a systematic, factual, and accurate pictures of the use of expressions in Japanese and Indonesian in the scope of hospitality at hotels; for welcoming hotel guests: Asisatsu no hyogen and Yobikake no hyogen, for serving guests check-in; Aisatsu no Hyogen, Irai no Hyogen, and Gimon no Hyogen and Aisatsu no Hyogen, for serving guests check-out. There is a slight difference between the expressions used in Japanese and Indonesian. In Japanese, they use Hantei Youkyuu no Hyougen to welcome guests to a hotel, but in Indonesian such expressions are not used. In Indonesian, the expression Hantei Youkyuu no Hyougen when serving guests to check-in is not used in Indonesian version.

Songs are an integral aspect of Zulu folklore, as they are performed in almost all ceremonies in Zulu culture. Every ceremony, or occasion in which people come together, such as a wedding ceremony, (coming of (age), mhlonyana (girls ceremony when they reach womanhood) or a funeral gathering, has particular songs associated with it. The aim of this paper was to explore the effectiveness of wedding songs as a means of communication and education in Zulu culture. The researchers first discussed the importance of music in African societies and secondly examined its role as a means of communication and education. The study adopted a qualitative approach located within the interpretivist paradigm. Ten songs were selected to illustrate how artists use songs to convey social messages. The songs were analysed using the critical discourse analysis approach. The researchers argued that the Zulu people compose songs to record a certain event or convey a social message. Thus, wedding songs do not only entertain people at a particular gathering or ceremony but communicate crucial messages that are educational at the same time. This article has revealed that most of the Zulu wedding songs contain repetitions that emphasise a certain word with an important social message. Therefore, the style and linguistic features of a song play a crucial role in emphasising the message embedded in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The viral spike (S) protein and host ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic variations may act as a barrier to viral infections or determine susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infections. Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the expression patterns and polymorphisms of the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptor genes associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Materials and methods. We examined 147 COVID-19 patients (41 asymptomatic, 53 symptomatic and 53 cases treated in the intensive care unit (ICU)) and 33 healthy controls. The ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was determined using the One-Run RT-qPCR kit. Genotypic distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were obtained using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results. The expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were different between SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative groups. The ACE2 rs714205GG genotype and G-allele showed significant differences in the asymptomatic SARSCoV-2-positive group. A significant correlation was found between the expression of TMPRSS2 rs8134378GA, rs2070788GA, rs7364083GA, and rs9974589AC genotypes and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The rs1978124 Callele and rs8134378 A-allele expressions were significant in the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive group. The TMPRSS2 rs2070788GA expression was different in all patient groups compared to the control group. There was a difference between SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative groups regarding the CTTA haplotype formed by ACE2 variants. The AGCAG and AGAAG haplotypes formed by the TMPRSS2 variants were more common in the asymptomatic patient group than in other patient groups. Conclusions. Identifying the relationship between host genetic variants and COVID-19 susceptibility will contribute to further studies, enabling new vaccines and potential therapeutic approaches to be discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial places our studies into a wider context linking together the different studies which cover election campaigning protest and the Covid-19 crisis. The works focus firstly on the crisis communication strategies of Nordic political leaders and secondly on the UK government's social media messaging. Both these also offer insights into the tools of social media, multimodal and social semiotic analysis. Moving away from the pandemic we also offer insights into the work of photojournalists and their framing of Zimbabwean election contenders. Finally, for those interested in how facial expressions betray emotions, and how expressions can be read, the final article offers significant methodological insights on the use of Facial Action Coding System tools. Rounding off with a review of a recent handbook in the field, the editorial introduces this issue as one born out of and launched into a long hot political summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine how criticising as a disciplinary action is conventionally realised in Chinese classroom contexts. By so doing, we provide a two‐fold contribution to the current special issue dedicated to Willis Edmondson. First, we examine criticising in an innovative way, by going beyond its traditional interpretation as a speech act, that is, we approach it as an interactional phenomenon which is conventionally realised by a cluster of expressions and speech acts. Second, we propose a bipartite approach to examine why and how instances of criticism as a disciplinary action in Chinese may puzzle foreign learners of Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional facial expressions are ubiquitous and potent social stimuli that can signal favorable and unfavorable conditions. Previous research demonstrates that emotional expressions influence preference judgments, basic approach-avoidance behaviors, and reward learning. We examined whether emotional expressions can influence decisions such as choices between gambles. Based on theories of affective cue processing, we predicted greater risk taking after positive than negative expressions. This hypothesis was tested in four experiments across tasks that varied in implementation of risks, payoffs, probabilities, and temporal decision requirements. Facial expressions were presented unobtrusively and were uninformative about the choice. In all experiments, the likelihood of a risky choice was greater after exposure to positive versus neutral or negative expressions. Similar effects on risky choice occurred after presentation of different negative expressions (e.g., anger, fear, sadness, and disgust), suggesting involvement of general positive and negative affect systems. These results suggest that incidental emotional cues exert a valence-specific influence of on decisions, which could shape risk-taking behavior in social situations.

Cet article traite des stéréotypes en lien avec les questions du genre en pays baoulé. Le corpus regroupe différents faits de langue, notamment, des concepts permettant de désigner et/ou de distinguer la gent masculine de la gent féminine. Ce sont, également, des expressions (idiomatiques, sentencieuses) en rapport avec la place que chaque genre occupe au sein de la cellule familiale. Nous l’avons inscrit dans une perspective de linguistique générale. Les raisons sont que nous convoquons différentes approches en fonction du domaine (phonologie, morphologie). Aussi, l’étude révèle-t-elle que l’homme et la femme ne jouissent pas du même statut dans la société. L’homme est l’instance dirigeante de la cellule familiale, et sur lui, pèsent de lourdes charges. Quant à la femme, elle a une dimension affective et protectrice. Sa posture la rend dépendante de l’homme et la réduit qu’à de simples tâches ménagères.

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional medium. Employing purposive sampling, the research utilized diverse data collection methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, journal writing, transcription, translation, and thematic analysis. The central focus was on identifying emotional responses that occurred when communication errors arose due to insufficient linguistic competence, particularly in syntax and phonology. The study's findings revealed that teachers frequently expressed emotions, encompassing both positive and negative sentiments, in response to error corrections. These expressions often involved acknowledging their mistakes and offering apologies. The challenges faced by teachers in using English as the medium of instruction stemmed from students' weak language skills, code-switching habits, language misuse, and limited language use. To enhance their linguistic competence, teachers adopted various coping mechanisms, including engaging in English-based listening, reading, speaking, viewing, and writing activities. Additionally, the study produced a schematic diagram illustrating the interconnected factors influencing the use of English as the medium of instruction. In summary, this phenomenological study delved into the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional language, with a particular focus on emotional responses during communication errors. The research highlighted the obstacles teachers encountered due to students' language limitations, code-switching tendencies, and language misuse. Furthermore, it identified strategies employed by teachers to bolster their language proficiency, all of which were encapsulated in a schematic diagram illustrating the intricacies of using English as the medium of instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research entitled “ the Crime Expressions Of Disbelief in Holly Quran: A semantic Study” aims at studying the semantic dimensions included in the verbal crime structures of disbelief that are expressed in some Quranic contexts, exploring their functional forms and expressive patterns . This chapter includes a study of some crime expressions date back in origion to disbelief when are modified their declaration thereof for some semantic and stylistic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal for Arabic Linguistics & Literature Studies (JALLS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sundanese script is one of Indonesia's traditional scripts. The existence of Sundanese script is still being preserved by cultural activists and the Sundanese script literacy community, one of which is through calligraphy in Sundanese script. This article will analyze the calligraphy of Sundanese script by Edi Dolan posted on his social media. The Sundanese calligraphy that will be discussed is in the form of puppets, animals, and humans. The Sundanese calligraphy will be reviewed through an iconographic approach. Iconography has three levels in analyzing objects, namely (1) Pre-iconography, which is to describe the formal aspects of the object; (2) Iconography, which is to interpret images, stories, and metaphors; (3) Content analysis through revealing the intricacies of the object. The results of the research elaborate on the formal aspects found in Sundanese calligraphy objects, resulting in multidimensional interpretations built on images, stories, and other multidimensional object meanings, thus showing a complete correlation of all these aspects in expressing Sundanese identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expressions of emotion pose a serious challenge to the view that we perceive other people’s emotions directly. If we must perceive expressions in order to perceive emotions, then it is only ever the expressions that we are directly aware of, not emotions themselves. This paper develops a new response to this challenge by drawing an analogy between expressions of emotion and perceptual media. It is through illumination and sound, the paradigmatic examples of perceptual media, that we can see and hear objects around us. Instead of screening these objects from view, however, they enable our perception while being transparent to us. With reference to perceptual constancy and transparency, I show how expressions show up in our experience of emotions in a surprisingly similar way. Given this, we can understand expressions as the media through which we perceive emotions and overcome the above challenge to an otherwise attractive view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature of any kind and genre can never avoid the essence of life. Literature represents numerous aspects and dimensions of life. Literature, culture and society are interlinked. Collectiveness is the soul of Society. This culture and it’s colours reflect in the writings of the writers. Naiyer Masud is renowned short story writer having immense inclination towards culture and it’s different shades. He had great inclination towards the culture of lucknow. Lucknow was the central city of state of Owaad. This article is an effort to bring forth the cultural and social background of Lucknow in the short of Naiyer Masud.

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Résumé : Cet article examine l’émotion intense de la douleur et la déchirure dans Le désenfantement publié en (2002) par l’écrivaine, psychiatre, psychanalyste et anthropologue marocaine Rita EL KHAYAT. En effet, la lecture de ce récit donne une conviction approfondie d’une écriture purement expressive une sorte d’émancipation, de libération, un soulagement profond d’une douleur affreuse et traumatisante qu’a connue l’écrivaine suite à la mort tragique de sa fille bien-aimée Aïni.C’est ici, que l’écrivaine s’investit corps et âme dans l’exercice de l’écriture, elle utilise son crayon comme une arme, un moyen de véhiculer cette émotion brute de perte, cette éruption violente du désenfantement, elle écrit comme elle parle et crie, transcrit sa souffrance, sa douleur, sa peur, son angoisse, et sa solitude. Elle est à la fois l’actrice, l’auteure, et même la musicienne de son histoire traumatique. Chaque ligne d’écriture est un fil tendu entre la vie et la mort, elle traîne, âme en peine. L’écriture permet de tendre vers le tout de son vivant. En ce sens, nous optons donc pour une étude analytique de l’audite écriture expressive et émotive adoptée par l’écrivaine que nous volons entamées par cette interrogation : Comment Rita El KHAYAT transcrit ses émotions et quelle est la modalité de leurs expressions. Corrélativement, nous essayons de montrer de façon claire et nette que l’écriture est un miroir qui nous fait voir au-delà des mots les états d’âmes de son auteur. Postulant ainsi que le fait de parler de ses émotions permet de se libérer de toutes les contraintes.

The aim of this paper is to approach the Romanian culinary terminology by assuming the gains from the space of nowadays' linguistics, in an attempt to respond to the challenge formulated by Eugenio Coseriu regarding the study of language as a creative activity that justifies linguistics as a science of culture. Food knowledge discourses are an extremely important source of documentation for explaining the mechanisms of linguistic creation. The way Romanian terms and expressions related to pies are formed and function is a relevant example to illustrate the relationship between the act of naming and its path to figurativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kadi Burhan al-Din (1345-1398) is one of the most important representatives of Turkish literature in Anatolia during the 14th century. He received a good education since his earlier ages; he held important state offices as qadi and vizier; and finally, he declared his own sovereignty. The real importance of Kadi Burhan al-Din, who lived a life of challenges, for Turkish language and literature is his Dîvân that is comprised of ghazals, rubais and tuyughs. Poems of the poet that were written in a troubadour-like style are important for Divan poetry which was still at its preliminary stages in the 14th century. Because lyricism, which is very prominent in these poems, lead to Kadi Burhan al-Din becoming one of the most prominent names in Diwan poetry and even one of the founders of this style of poetry. In addition, his poems seem at the first glance as hard to understand due to certain factors such as his language, the spelling in the only copy of Dîvân, fine imagination and elements of material culture. It can be argued that his scholarly personality affected this. Firstly, in this study, the studies that analyzed the expressions in Dîvân of the poet were mentioned briefly, and then, the meaning of 19 out of 37 expressions were described by utilizing various sources. The remaining 18 expressions that comprise the core of the study were tried to be analyzed in a broader meaning. With this study, the aim has been to draw attention to the role of analysis of expressions in understanding a divan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One typical challenge in algebra education is that many students justify the equivalence of expressions only by referring to transformation rules that they perceive as arbitrary without being able to justify these rules. A good algebraic understanding involves connecting the transformation rules to other characterizations of equivalence of expressions (e.g., description equivalence that both expressions describe the same situation or figure). In order to overcome this disconnection even before variables are introduced, a design research study was conducted in Grade 5 to design and investigate an early algebra learning environment to establish stronger connections between different mental models and representations of equivalence of expressions. The qualitative analysis of design experiments with 14 fifth graders revealed deep insights into complexities of connecting representations. It confirmed that many students first relate the representations in ways that are too superficial without establishing deep connections. Analyzing successful students' processes helped to identify an additional characterization that can support students in bridging the connection between other characterizations, which we call restructuring equivalence. By including learning opportunities for restructuring equivalence, students can be supported to compare expressions in graphical and symbolic representation simultaneously and dynamically. The design research study disentangles the complex requirements for realizing the design principle of connecting multiple representations, which should be of relevance beyond the specific concept of equivalence and applicable to other mathematical topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, robots play an important role in the daily lives of people with disabilities and even ordinary people, so that in almost all areas of treatment and assistance, education and rehabilitation, games and entertainment, we see the presence of all kinds of social robots. Because working in the above areas requires a strong spirit and performing a specific action with constant quality many times, robots can take the place of humans well and do their job without fatigue and boredom and with a constant quality. However, one of the disadvantages that may exist in human-robot interactions is the lack of emotional mutual understanding, which means that usually the robot has no emotional understanding of human moods and sometimes this is the reason why the quality of interactions decreases. Perhaps, the perception of people's satisfaction can be considered as a major parameter in our interactions between humans and robots, meaning that creating a proper interaction always increases the level of satisfaction in humans and on the other hand, people express dissatisfaction. They can express their unwillingness to continue an interaction. Hence, this paper attemts to use a canonical neural network model to find people's level of acceptance when facing a predetermined scenario. Unlike numerous and valuable studies that use deep neural network to diagnose facial expressions and the raw image of the person as the input of the network, in this paper, the histogram vector of directional slopes of face as a characteristic vector describing the level of acceptance and a small neural network model is used as classifier. The obtained model, in addition to the high power of satisfaction, has the ability to generalize and recognize unlearnt negative emotions. Small size and low processing cost are two very important elements in the efficiency of separate systems, which are considered as two basic constraints in the model. Sometimes, other parameters are ignored to achieve these two important ones.

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In this study, Brassica chinensis L seedlings after 6 weeks of soil cultivation were treated with foliar application of TiO 2 NPs (20 mg/L) for different times. Transcriptomics analysis was employed to investigate the impact of TiO 2 NPs on the physiology, growth, and yield of B. chinensis L. Results showed that TiO 2 NPs' exposure significantly increased the biomass, total phosphorus, and catalase enzyme activity by 23.60, 23.72, and 44.01%, respectively, compared to the untreated ones (not bulk or ion).TiO 2 NPs increased the leaf chlorophyll content by 4.9% and photosynthetic rate by 16.62%, which was attributed to the upregulated expression of seven genes ( PetH , PetF , PsaF , PsbA , PsbB , PsbD , and Lhcb ) associated with electron transport in photosystem I and light-harvesting in leaves. The water balance of B. chinensis was improved correlating with the altered expressions of 19 aquaporin genes (e.g., PIP2;1 and NIP6;1 ). The expressions of 58 genes related to plant hormone signaling and growth were dysregulated, with notable downregulations in GA20, SnRK2, and PP2C and upregulations of DELLAs, SAM, and ETR. Moreover, the 11 tricarboxylic acid cycle genes and 13 glycolysis genes appear to stimulate pathways involved in promoting the growth and physiology of B. chinensis . This research contributes valuable insights into new strategies for increasing the yield of B. chinensis .

Emotional facial expressions are ubiquitous and potent social stimuli that can signal favorable and unfavorable conditions. Previous research demonstrates that emotional expressions influence preference judgments, basic approach-avoidance behaviors, and reward learning. We examined whether emotional expressions can influence decisions such as choices between gambles. Based on theories of affective cue processing, we predicted greater risk taking after positive than negative expressions. This hypothesis was tested in four experiments across tasks that varied in implementation of risks, payoffs, probabilities, and temporal decision requirements. Facial expressions were presented unobtrusively and were uninformative about the choice. In all experiments, the likelihood of a risky choice was greater after exposure to positive versus neutral or negative expressions. Similar effects on risky choice occurred after presentation of different negative expressions (e.g., anger, fear, sadness, and disgust), suggesting involvement of general positive and negative affect systems. These results suggest that incidental emotional cues exert a valence-specific influence of on decisions, which could shape risk-taking behavior in social situations.

When a speaker engages in public speaking, the expression shown while delivering the speech determines the effectiveness of the communication and can be very influential in organizational settings. However, in public speaking, the audience can often see the speaker before the presentation begins. Therefore, the public could hypothetically gain an impression on the basis of the speakers’ expressions even before performing the presentation. With this idea in mind, the goal of this research is to analyze the influence of speakers’ expressions before delivering a speech and during the presentation. The study included two brown-haired/dark-eyed male and female and two blonde-haired/blue-eyed male and female presenters to investigate the effect of appearance and gender. A total of 200 participants looked at the speakers’ pictures with five different expressions before delivering the speech. They then watched videos with the same speakers and similar expressions while delivering the speech. The results showed that happiness was the most pleasant and positive expression, followed by confidence, indifference, shyness, and anger, when the participants watched the speakers before the presentation. However, confidence was considered the most pleasant, credible, and comprehensible expression, followed by happiness, anger, shyness, and indifference, while giving the speech. In both cases, female presenters were perceived as the most pleasant, and brown-haired/dark-eyed speakers were considered the most pleasant, credible, and comprehensible. The speakers’ expressions were perceived as more intense before the speech than during the discourse. This line of research helps understand the influence of these two crucial moments in presentations, and the results may be transferred into practice for public speaking training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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English is an important language that is used worldwide. Many countries are now applying English as an important subject in education because of its position as an international language. One of the implementations of English is in tourism, especially hospitality. This paper explored the forms of English expressions used by waiters and waitresses to communicate with and serve foreign guests at a hotel restaurant, the lexical patterns of the English expressions, and the locally-colored English used by the staff. Using qualitative methods, the researchers found three English expressions, six lexical patterns of English expressions, and locally-colored themes in the English used in the hotel restaurant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal reproductive cycles of most birds are regulated by photoperiod via neuroendocrine control. The present study aims to investigate the role of a single long day in triggering hypothalamic expressions of GnRH-I and GnIH in the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Sparrows were divided into two groups (n = 24 each) and pre-treated under short days (9L: 15D) for 4 days. On the fifth day, one group was exposed to long day (14L: 10D), while other was continued under short day for another 1 day. Birds of both the groups were sacrificed and perfused on fifth day at different time points, i.e., ZT 14, ZT 16 and ZT 18 and the expressions of GnRH-I and GnIH mRNAs and peptides were studied using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, testicular size was measured to know testicular development. Observations revealed that birds exposed to a single long day (14L: 10D) showed an increase in hypothalamic expressions of GnRH-I mRNA and peptide and decrease in levels of GnIH mRNA only at ZT 16 and ZT 18 with no significant change in GnIH peptide. However, no significant change in GnRH-I or GnIH expression was observed at any time point under short day and birds maintained high and low expression levels of GnIH and GnRH-I, respectively. Our results clearly indicate that the photoperiodic response system of sparrow is highly sensitive to light and responds even to single long day. Furthermore, they suggest that the GnRH-I and GnIH are expressed in the hypothalamus of tree sparrow in an anti-phasic manner and switching over of their expression occurs at late hours of exposure of birds to single long day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial expressions are a vital way for humans to show their perceived emotions. It is convenient for detecting and recognizing expressions or micro-expressions by annotating a lot of data in deep learning. However, the study of video-based expressions or micro-expressions requires that coders have professional knowledge and be familiar with action unit (AU) coding, leading to considerable difficulties. This paper aims to alleviate this situation. We deconstruct facial muscle movements from the motor cortex and systematically sort out the relationship among facial muscles, AU, and emotion to make more people understand coding from the basic principles: We derived the relationship between AU and emotion based on a data-driven analysis of 5,000 images from the RAF-AU database, along with the experience of professional coders. We discussed the complex facial motor cortical network system that generates facial movement properties, detailing the facial nucleus and the motor system associated with facial expressions. The supporting physiological theory for AU labeling of emotions is obtained by adding facial muscle movements patterns. We present the detailed process of emotion labeling and the detection and recognition of AU. Based on the above research, the video's coding of spontaneous expressions and micro-expressions is concluded and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disorder in sex development (DSD) refers to a variety of diagnoses in which the development of chromosomal make-up, gonadal development, or anatomical development is abnormal. The most prevalent XY, DSD diagnosis is Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS), in which an individual has XY chromosomes but is phenotypically feminine. Objective: To analyze the clinical features, management along with findings of diagnostic procedures like Ultra sounds and genetic testing of XY female reporting at tertiary care infertility clinic of KSA. Study type, settings & duration: This retrospective study of 6 months duration was conducted on the basis of a five year data i.e. (2013-2018) of the female presented with amenorrhea at A Tertiary Care Infertility Clinic of KSA. Methodology: Data of 110 female fulfilling the inclusion criteria was retrieved from institutional data base on a predesigned questionnaire. Data was collected regarding patient's demographics characteristics, clinical presentation and management, along with findings of ultrasound and genetic testing. Results: Total 110 patients of primary amenorrhea reported to the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Medicine Department (REIMD) from 2013-2018. Among them 40 had uterine/cervical/vaginal abnormalities, 30 had Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser(MRKH)/Obstructed Hemi-vagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHIRA) syndrome, 35 had primary Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and 5 patients with Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) XY females were identified. Median age of patients was 18 years (interquartile range (IQR) 15-22) with a median BMI of 25.6 (IQR 20.5, 37.2). In three (60%) patients there was complete androgen insensitivity, while two (40%) had partial androgen insensitivity. All of them presented with positive family history. Examination revealed blind ending vagina (80%), clitoromegaly (20%) with tall stature (100%). The genetic study carried out for four patients showed SRD5A2 gene mutation. Treatment was with hormonal replacement therapy after laparoscopic gonadectomy and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team in four cases (80%). Conclusion: The diagnosis of XY females can be challenging, and awareness of this condition is needed, particularly as the mental health issues are increasing. There appears to be a clear association between number of family members affected and XY females. Though consistent management strategy was evident in our series, mental health issues were challenging. Moreover, genetic analysis results necessitate the need for Whole Genome Sequencing (WES) to find out the exact mutational variability in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much is known about how negative emotions are expressed in different modalities, our understanding of the nonverbal expressions of positive emotions remains limited. In the present research, we draw upon disparate lines of theoretical and empirical work on positive emotions, and systematically examine which channels are thought to be used for expressing four positive emotions: feeling moved, gratitude, interest, and triumph. Employing the intersubjective approach, an established method in cross-cultural psychology, we first explored how the four positive emotions were reported to be expressed in two North American community samples (Studies 1a and 1b: n = 1466). We next confirmed the cross-cultural generalizability of our findings by surveying respondents from ten countries that diverged on cultural values (Study 2: n = 1826). Feeling moved was thought to be signaled with facial expressions, gratitude with the use of words, interest with words, face and voice, and triumph with body posture, vocal cues, facial expressions, and words. These findings provide cross-culturally consistent findings of differential expressions across positive emotions. Notably, positive emotions were thought to be expressed via modalities that go beyond the face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial expressions are a vital way for humans to show their perceived emotions. It is convenient for detecting and recognizing expressions or micro-expressions by annotating a lot of data in deep learning. However, the study of video-based expressions or micro-expressions requires that coders have professional knowledge and be familiar with action unit (AU) coding, leading to considerable difficulties. This paper aims to alleviate this situation. We deconstruct facial muscle movements from the motor cortex and systematically sort out the relationship among facial muscles, AU, and emotion to make more people understand coding from the basic principles: We derived the relationship between AU and emotion based on a data-driven analysis of 5,000 images from the RAF-AU database, along with the experience of professional coders.We discussed the complex facial motor cortical network system that generates facial movement properties, detailing the facial nucleus and the motor system associated with facial expressions.The supporting physiological theory for AU labeling of emotions is obtained by adding facial muscle movements patterns.We present the detailed process of emotion labeling and the detection and recognition of AU.Based on the above research, the video's coding of spontaneous expressions and micro-expressions is concluded and prospected.

The aim of this paper was to indicate the similarities and differences between the expressions with the component Tür/vrata (Eng. door) in German and Serbian. The corpus of this research consists of 25 expressions excerpted from the appropriate monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of both languages, where the source language is German and the target is Serbian. The corpus was first subjected to a contrastive analysis in order to determine the degree of equivalence between the two languages, with a distinction made between complete, zero and partial equivalence. The corpus was also subjected to a conceptual analysis, with the aim to establish whether the expressions were based on metaphor or metonymy and identify the differences in conceptualisation between the two languages. The results of the analysis showed that German and Serbian largely coincide when it comes to expressions with the mentioned component, and that metonymisation occurs more often in relation to metaphorisation. The expressions with the component Tür/vrata overlap to a considerable extent when it comes to conceptualisation. Doors usually represent obstacles or boundaries between interior and exterior space. In many examples, the key point is whether the door is open or closed. While the closed door implies the inaccessibility of what is in the closed space to all those who are in the external environment, the open door does the opposite. Based on that, we can conclude that phraseological semantics largely preserves the traces of symbolic and semantic values of this term. The differences in the conceptualization of the two languages are most noticeable in the examples where the contrastive observation identified a match only at the semantic level. The scientific methods used in this paper are the interlingual contrastive and conceptual analysis.

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