42 results on '"ENCOPRESIS"'
Search Results
2. Treatment of Encopresis in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Author
-
United States Department of Defense and Nathan A. Call, Professor
- Published
- 2024
3. A Diaper Fading Protocol to Treat Toilet Refusal: Four Case Studies.
- Author
-
Austin, Jillian E. and Begotka, Andrea M.
- Subjects
DIAPERS ,DEFECATION ,TOILET training ,MEDICAL personnel ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,BURDEN of care - Abstract
• Standard medical and behavioral treatment for encopresis is not always effective. • Some children resist toilet training due to fear of defecation outside a diaper. • A diaper fading protocol was used to train four children with toilet refusal. • The protocol flexibly adapted to individual patient needs. Childhood constipation and painful defecation is common, affecting 68% to 86% of children. Over 90% withhold stool, some only defecating in a diaper. Behavioral therapy is effective for encopresis, but there is minimal research on treating toilet avoidance. This study investigates a novel protocol to eliminate diapers in children with toilet avoidance. A diaper fading protocol was used with four children with toilet avoidance. Children were instructed to defecate in the bathroom, moving progressively closer to the toilet until they eventually sat on the toilet with the diaper. As needed, diapers were then faded by cutting increasingly wider slits in the base of the diaper so that stool could pass into the toilet. The cut widened until the diaper was eliminated entirely. Four children (three boys, average 5.22 years old) successfully completed toilet training using the diaper fading protocol in an average of 9.75 sessions. Delivery of treatment via telehealth was shown to be effective. The diaper fading protocol effectively and flexibly assisted toilet training in four children with stool withholding and toileting avoidance. Future work should investigate whether caregivers can utilize the protocol without ongoing support, or on a consultation basis only, to reduce the burden on health care workers with long waitlists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Childhood Elimination Disorders
- Author
-
Ko, Je D., Hazen, Eric P., Ng, Chee H., Section editor, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, Section editor, Alfonso, César A., Section editor, Salloum, Ihsan M., Section editor, Tasman, Allan, editor, Riba, Michelle B., editor, Alarcón, Renato D., editor, Alfonso, César A., editor, Kanba, Shigenobu, editor, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, editor, Ndetei, David M., editor, Ng, Chee H., editor, and Schulze, Thomas G., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Did you know... Occupational therapists assist in assessment and management of continence across the lifespan?
- Author
-
Brandis, Susan
- Published
- 2024
6. Elimination disorders and associated factors among children and adolescents age 5–14 year-old attending paediatric outpatient clinic at Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive specialized hospital, South Ethiopia
- Author
-
Tamene Berhanu, Mubarek Abera, Shimelis Girma, and Yonas Tesfaye
- Subjects
Elimination disorder ,Enuresis ,Encopresis ,Combined elimination disorder ,Children ,Adolescents ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Elimination disorder occurs in children over the age of normal toileting who continue to have an inability to control urination or feces, either during the day, at night, or both. Paediatric elimination disorders are not well understood by parents, teachers, medical professionals, mental health practitioners, and researchers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of elimination disorder and associated factors among children and Adolescents aged 5–14 years old at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia, in 2022. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 22 to November 22, 2022, at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 423 study subjects. The data were gathered using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. The development of the symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome of Vancouver questionnaires was used to screen for elimination disorders. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the outcome and independent variables. A 95% CI and Odds ratio with corresponding p-value
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Elimination disorders and associated factors among children and adolescents age 5–14 year-old attending paediatric outpatient clinic at Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive specialized hospital, South Ethiopia.
- Author
-
Berhanu, Tamene, Abera, Mubarek, Girma, Shimelis, and Tesfaye, Yonas
- Subjects
- *
CROSS-sectional method , *URINARY incontinence , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *FECAL incontinence , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *CHILD psychopathology , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *INTERVIEWING , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *ENURESIS , *TOILET training , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHILDREN'S hospitals , *PARENTING , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *RESEARCH methodology , *CLINICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CHILD behavior , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Elimination disorder occurs in children over the age of normal toileting who continue to have an inability to control urination or feces, either during the day, at night, or both. Paediatric elimination disorders are not well understood by parents, teachers, medical professionals, mental health practitioners, and researchers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of elimination disorder and associated factors among children and Adolescents aged 5–14 years old at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia, in 2022. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 22 to November 22, 2022, at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 423 study subjects. The data were gathered using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. The development of the symptom score for dysfunctional elimination syndrome of Vancouver questionnaires was used to screen for elimination disorders. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the outcome and independent variables. A 95% CI and Odds ratio with corresponding p-value < 0.05 were used to determine the predictors of the outcome variable. Result: The overall magnitude of elimination disorder among children and Adolescents age 5–14 in this study was (n 70, 16.8%); in boys (n 47, 17.3%) and girls (n 23, 15.75%). The prevalence of enuresis was (n 64, 15.3%), encopresis (n 15, 3.6%), both enuresis and encopresis, or combined elimination disorder (n 9, 2.2%). Age 9–11 years (AOR = 3.2, 95%CI:1.09, 9.43), family size four and above (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI:1.78, 6.56), family history of elimination disorder (AOR = 3.9, 95%CI:2.12, 7.45), emotional problem (AOR = 2.2, 95%CI:1.18, 4.05), hyperactive problem (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI:1.83, 7.83), low toilet training skills (AOR = 5.9, 95%CI:2.61, 13.33), bad parenting practices, were poor supervision (AOR = 4.4, 95%CI 1.29, 14.69) were significantly associated with elimination disorder. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study, approximately one in five children and adolescents had an elimination disorder. Younger age, family size four and above, positive family history of elimination disorder, presence of emotional and hyperactive problems, bad parenting practices, and low toilet training skills were factors associated with elimination disorders. Therefore, preventative, etiological, and therapeutic measure, early toilet training, supportive parenting practices, screening for children's and adolescents' behavioral problems, and elimination disorders need attention to reduce the effect of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of fecal incontinence in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial
- Author
-
Ghazal Zahed, Somaye Fatahi, Leila Tabatabaee, Negar Imanzadeh, Shaikh Sanjid Seraj, Benjamin Hernández Wolters, and Amirhossein Hosseini
- Subjects
Retentive fecal incontinence ,Risperidone ,Pediatric ,Encopresis ,Atypical antipsychotics ,Fecal soiling ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Functional retentive overflow incontinence (retentive FI) is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children. Based on the clinical experiences, the treatment of retentive FI in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders was accelerated when Risperidone was used as treatment for their psychiatric comorbidities; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of risperidone in the treatment of retentive FI in children and adolescents. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 140 patients aged 4–16 years eligible for the study were randomized into two groups, receiving either 0.25–0.5 mg of Risperidone syrup (n = 70) or maltodextrin syrup (placebo group, n = 70) every 12 h daily for 12 weeks. Sociodemographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, BMI, BMI z-score, and socioeconomic status, was recorded, and the number of nocturnal FI, diurnal FI, and painful defecations was measured. Results 136 participants (69 on Risperidone and 67 on placebo) were included in the study. Mean age of participants in the intervention and placebo groups were 7.2 ± 2.4 years and 8.0 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The mean number of nocturnal FI (Ptrend=0.39) and diurnal FI (Ptrend=0.48) in patients without psychiatric comorbidities, and the number of painful defecations for participants with and without psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.49, P = 0.47, respectively) were not significantly different between the groups, but a significant effect was observed in diurnal FI after Risperidone treatment in patients with psychiatric comorbidities (P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Non-invasive Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Constipation
- Author
-
Dr. med. Sonja Diez, M.D.
- Published
- 2022
10. Efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of fecal incontinence in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial.
- Author
-
Zahed, Ghazal, Fatahi, Somaye, Tabatabaee, Leila, Imanzadeh, Negar, Seraj, Shaikh Sanjid, Wolters, Benjamin Hernández, and Hosseini, Amirhossein
- Subjects
FECAL incontinence ,CLINICAL trials ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents ,TEENAGERS - Abstract
Objectives: Functional retentive overflow incontinence (retentive FI) is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children. Based on the clinical experiences, the treatment of retentive FI in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders was accelerated when Risperidone was used as treatment for their psychiatric comorbidities; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of risperidone in the treatment of retentive FI in children and adolescents. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 140 patients aged 4–16 years eligible for the study were randomized into two groups, receiving either 0.25–0.5 mg of Risperidone syrup (n = 70) or maltodextrin syrup (placebo group, n = 70) every 12 h daily for 12 weeks. Sociodemographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, BMI, BMI z-score, and socioeconomic status, was recorded, and the number of nocturnal FI, diurnal FI, and painful defecations was measured. Results: 136 participants (69 on Risperidone and 67 on placebo) were included in the study. Mean age of participants in the intervention and placebo groups were 7.2 ± 2.4 years and 8.0 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The mean number of nocturnal FI (P
trend =0.39) and diurnal FI (Ptrend =0.48) in patients without psychiatric comorbidities, and the number of painful defecations for participants with and without psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.49, P = 0.47, respectively) were not significantly different between the groups, but a significant effect was observed in diurnal FI after Risperidone treatment in patients with psychiatric comorbidities (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Risperidone, when used along with other non-pharmacological interventions, may be helpful in treating FI in pediatric patients with psychiatric comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Child Health Improvement Through Computer Automation of Constipation Management in Primary Care (CHICA-GI)
- Author
-
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and William E. Bennett, Jr., Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
- Published
- 2022
12. The physical and psychological health of children entrusted to the care of the child protection and welfare service in Vendée.
- Author
-
Toussaint, Emmanuelle, Hardy, Anne, and Buchleither, Maria
- Subjects
- *
CHILD protection services , *CHILDREN'S health , *FOSTER home care , *ENURESIS , *ENCOPRESIS , *SLEEP disorders in children - Abstract
The international literature has long established the importance of health issues presented by children entrusted to Child Protection and Welfare Service (Aide Sociale à l'Enfance –ASE, in France). This study examined the health of children entrusted to the ASE in Vendée (a French administrative region) in order to better understand and address their health needs. A retrospective study of all children (623 out of 920) aged 0–18 years placed in foster care or an institution during 2019 was carried out. The data collection was based on the information in the medical form completed by the doctor during the annual health check. More than one quarter of the children had a written or spoken language disorder, 32% of children did not have a normal body mass index for their age, 10% of children suffered from enuresis, 4% from encopresis, and sleep disorders were observed in 29% of the study population. Furthermore, 51% of the children expressed psychological distress by internalizing or externalizing it, and 6% of children over 6 years of age had already run away or put themselves in danger. The results of our study are congruent with the international literature and confirm that children and adolescents in out-of-home care (foster care, residential care) have significantly higher healthcare needs than their peers. The findings also suggest several areas for improving the healthcare of children and adolescents entrusted to the care of the child protection and welfare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Psychosocial factors impacting antegrade continence enema outcomes in pediatric patients.
- Author
-
Benson, Kari, Bazier, Ashley, Schwartzkopf, Katherine, Waseem, Shamaila, and Gilbert, Elaine
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *CHILD patients , *BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL model , *ENEMA , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *THERAPEUTIC complications , *CONSTIPATION - Abstract
Background: Children with constipation and encopresis are often treated with medication and behavioral approaches. When constipation persists, surgical interventions such as antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedures are considered. Many children benefit from these procedures; however, some children continue to have incontinence, experience complications, or discontinue the use of the ACE stoma. There is some evidence in the literature to indicate that psychosocial factors can have an impact on ACE outcomes; however, standardized biopsychosocial guidelines related to ACE candidacy and surgery do not currently exist. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on psychosocial factors related to ACE treatment outcomes and complications. Identifying what is known and what limitations remain can support future research to inform development of guidelines for pre‐procedure evaluations. Psychosocial pre‐procedure evaluations could help to inform eligibility for the procedure as well as interventions to enhance outcomes for children at increased risk for poor outcomes or complications from ACE. Age, psychiatric symptoms, and adherence to the ACE flush regimen were some of the factors identified in the literature as impacting ACE outcomes; however, there is limited research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Encopresis review.
- Author
-
DeLeon, Jocelyn, Shrestha, Mahesh, Mahmood, Zainab, and Patel, Dilip R.
- Subjects
TREATMENT of fecal incontinence ,PATIENT education ,FECAL incontinence ,TOILET training ,SYMPTOMS ,FAMILIES ,BIOFEEDBACK training ,FECAL impaction ,CONSTIPATION ,CHILD behavior ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Functional fecal incontinence or encopresis is a condition commonly seen in children, and as such, pediatricians and health care providers who care for children should be familiar with this diagnosis. Encopresis refers to the passage or leakage of feces in inappropriate settings. There is a high prevalence of associated behavioral symptoms in children who have encopresis. Treatment involves patient and family education, behavioral strategies for stool regulation, disimpaction of stool in children who have constipation, and long-term maintenance of regular bowel habits. This discussion reviews the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of children who have encopresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
15. Relationship between elimination disorders and internalizing‐externalizing problems in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
- Author
-
Aymerich, Claudia, Pedruzo, Borja, Pacho, Malein, Herrero, Jon, Laborda, María, Bordenave, Marta, Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo, Sesma, Eva, Fernández‐Rivas, Aranzazu, Catalan, Ana, and González‐Torres, Miguel Ángel
- Subjects
- *
EXTERNALIZING behavior , *INTERNALIZING behavior , *RANDOM effects model , *PUBLICATION bias , *AGGRESSION (Psychology) - Abstract
Background: Elimination disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and often associated with clinically relevant comorbid psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, children with elimination disorders show higher internalizing and externalizing problems than their healthy peers. Methods: A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until May 1st, 2022. PRISMA/MOOSE‐compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022303555) were used to identify studies reporting on internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in children with an elimination disorder and a healthy control (HC) group. First, a systematic review was provided. Second, where data allowed for it, a quantitative meta‐analysis with random effects model was conducted to analyze the differences between the elimination disorder and the HC groups for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Effect size was standardized mean difference. Meta‐regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of sex, age, and study quality. Funnel plots were used to detect a publication bias. Where found, the trim and fill method was used to correct it. Results: 36 articles were included, 32 of them reporting on enuresis (n = 3244; mean age = 9.4; SD = 3.4; 43.84% female) and 7 of them on encopresis (n = 214; mean age = 8.6; SD = 2.3; 36.24% female). Children with an elimination disorder presented significantly lower self‐concept (ES:0.42; 95%CI [0.08; 9.76]; p = 0.017) and higher symptom scores for thought problems (ES:−0.26; 95%CI: −0.43;−0.09]; p = 0.003), externalizing symptoms (ES: −0.20; 95%CI [−0.37;−0.03]; p = 0.020), attention problems (ES:−0.37; 95%CI [−0.51;−0.22]; p = 0.0001), aggressive behavior (ES:−0.33; 95%CI [−0.62;−0.04]; p = 0.025) and social problems (ES:−0.39; 95%CI [−0.58;−0.21]; p = 0.0001). Significant publication biases were found across several of the studied domains. No significant effect of sex, age or quality of the study score was found. Conclusions: Children with an elimination disorder may have significant internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as impaired self‐concept. It is recommendable to screen for them in children with enuresis or encopresis and provide appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Elimination disorder in children and adolescents: psychological treatment with behavioral and cognitive approach
- Author
-
Ivana Kreft Hausmeister and Valentina Stefanova Kralj
- Subjects
encopresis ,enuresis ,toilet training ,psychotherapy ,emotional and behavioural problems ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
According to research the most appropriate time to begin toilet training is after child’s second birthday when he reaches control of pelvis floor and anal sphincter. However, a child has to first master certain skills which he will need for toilet training and that each child masters in its own time. That is also the reason why medical classifications define elimination disorder after 4th and 5th year of age. In international classification system DSM 5 elimination disorders are identified in two categories: enuresis and encopresis (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). When there are negative influences of enuresis or encopresis present children are usually referred to psychologists or after difficulties are revealed during a regular developmental examination. Overview of literature shows that behavioral therapy is one of the most effective treatments and some specific techniques will be presented in this article.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Relationship between elimination disorders and internalizing‐externalizing problems in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Author
-
Claudia Aymerich, Borja Pedruzo, Malein Pacho, Jon Herrero, María Laborda, Marta Bordenave, Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Eva Sesma, Aranzazu Fernández‐Rivas, Ana Catalan, and Miguel Ángel González‐Torres
- Subjects
comorbidities ,elimination disorder ,encopresis ,enuresis ,externalizing ,internalizing ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Elimination disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and often associated with clinically relevant comorbid psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, children with elimination disorders show higher internalizing and externalizing problems than their healthy peers. Methods A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until May 1st, 2022. PRISMA/MOOSE‐compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022303555) were used to identify studies reporting on internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in children with an elimination disorder and a healthy control (HC) group. First, a systematic review was provided. Second, where data allowed for it, a quantitative meta‐analysis with random effects model was conducted to analyze the differences between the elimination disorder and the HC groups for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Effect size was standardized mean difference. Meta‐regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of sex, age, and study quality. Funnel plots were used to detect a publication bias. Where found, the trim and fill method was used to correct it. Results 36 articles were included, 32 of them reporting on enuresis (n = 3244; mean age = 9.4; SD = 3.4; 43.84% female) and 7 of them on encopresis (n = 214; mean age = 8.6; SD = 2.3; 36.24% female). Children with an elimination disorder presented significantly lower self‐concept (ES:0.42; 95%CI [0.08; 9.76]; p = 0.017) and higher symptom scores for thought problems (ES:−0.26; 95%CI: −0.43;−0.09]; p = 0.003), externalizing symptoms (ES: −0.20; 95%CI [−0.37;−0.03]; p = 0.020), attention problems (ES:−0.37; 95%CI [−0.51;−0.22]; p = 0.0001), aggressive behavior (ES:−0.33; 95%CI [−0.62;−0.04]; p = 0.025) and social problems (ES:−0.39; 95%CI [−0.58;−0.21]; p = 0.0001). Significant publication biases were found across several of the studied domains. No significant effect of sex, age or quality of the study score was found. Conclusions Children with an elimination disorder may have significant internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as impaired self‐concept. It is recommendable to screen for them in children with enuresis or encopresis and provide appropriate interventions.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Reflections and Critical Directions for Toilet Training in Applied Behavior Analysis
- Author
-
Bacotti, Janelle K., Perez, Brandon C., and Vollmer, Timothy R.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Connor Struggles to Stay in School
- Author
-
Renshaw, Kate L., Parson, Judi A., editor, Dean, Belinda J., editor, and Hadiprodjo, Natalie A., editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Fecal Incontinence in Children
- Author
-
Garza, Jose M., Faure, Christophe, editor, Thapar, Nikhil, editor, and Di Lorenzo, Carlo, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Treating Volitional Elimination Disorders in a Healthy Adult: Applying Cognitive Behavioral Principles in the Absence of Treatment Guidelines.
- Author
-
Finch, Ellen F., Shikatani, Bethany, Snir, Avigal, and Smith, Lisa
- Subjects
- *
ENURESIS , *COGNITIVE therapy , *PEDIATRIC therapy , *ADULTS - Abstract
Elimination disorders are common in children, and numerous psychosocial treatments for pediatric enuresis and encopresis are available to guide clinicians. However, only five cases of functional elimination disorders in adults are published to date, all of which involve severe comorbid psychopathology, and no treatment guidelines for adult elimination disorders exist. This case report presents, to our knowledge, the first documented case of functional elimination disorder in an otherwise healthy, high-functioning adult. "Ben" is a 20-year-old male who sought treatment for chronic enuresis and encopresis, as well as difficulties with procrastination of schoolwork. Ben engaged in 21 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy and reported substantial decreases in elimination disorder symptoms. However, improvements fluctuated throughout treatment and remained present at mild levels at 3-month follow-up. This report outlines the cognitive behavioral interventions applied throughout this treatment, which consisted of pediatric elimination disorder interventions adapted for an adult with additional cognitive behavioral tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Encopresis.
- Author
-
DeLeon, Jocelyn, Shrestha, Mahesh, Mahmood, Zainab, and Patel, Dilip R.
- Subjects
- *
TREATMENT of fecal incontinence , *LAXATIVES , *TOILET training , *FAMILIES , *BIOFEEDBACK training , *BEHAVIOR disorders , *DISEASE prevalence , *FECAL incontinence , *PATIENT education , *SYMPTOMS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Functional fecal incontinence or encopresis is a condition commonly seen in children, and as such, pediatricians and health care providers who care for children should be familiar with this diagnosis. Encopresis refers to the passage or leakage of feces in inappropriate settings. There is a high prevalence of associated behavioral symptoms in children who have encopresis. Treatment involves patient and family education, behavioral strategies for stool regulation, disimpaction of stool in children who have constipation, and long-term maintenance of regular bowel habits. This discussion reviews the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of children who have encopresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
23. Comparing quality of life improvement after antegrade continence enema (ACE) therapy for patients with organic and functional constipation / encopresis.
- Author
-
Brophy, Shawn, Brennan, Kelly, Woodgate, Emily, Pinaud, Bridget, McLaughlin, Elizabeth, Gillespie, Joanne, Grover, Zubin, Blackmore, Christopher, and Romao, Rodrigo LP
- Abstract
• What is currently known about this topic? Patients with organic chronic constipation and fecal incontinence (CCFI) have improved Quality of Life (QoL) following appendicostomy or cecostomy creation and antegrade colonic enema (ACE) therapy. • What new information is contained in this article? Patients with functional CCFI have improved QoL following cecostomy creation and ACE therapy, and the QoL improvements are comparable to patients with refractory CCFI due to an organic cause. We compared patient- and family-reported overall and stool-related quality of life (QoL) before and after an antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure (cecostomy tube insertion) for refractory chronic constipation or fecal incontinence (CCFI). We hypothesized that patients with functional diagnoses experience similar improvements in QoL compared to those with organic diagnoses. This is a cross-sectional study of patients undergoing cecostomy tube insertion for CCFI at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2012 to 2019. Patients and/or primary caregivers completed validated stooling and overall QoL surveys based on three time points: before surgery, three months after surgery, and at the time of survey / date of last follow-up. Repeated measures analyses compared scores over time between subjects and within the diagnostic groups. The response rate was 65% (22/34 patients, 12 organic and 10 functional diagnoses). Mean age was 8.3 years and 32% of the participants were female. Organic diagnoses were: spina bifida (6), anorectal malformation (5), and Hirschsprung Disease (1). There was substantial improvement in stool-related and overall QoL at three months post-ACE procedure (both p<0.001) for all patients; both scores continued to improve significantly until the date of last follow-up (median 4.1 years, IQR 2.3–5.6, p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in scores between patients with organic and functional diagnoses. Caregivers perceive a significant, sustainable improvement in stooling habits and QoL following ACE therapy. The improvement is comparable between patients with a functional diagnosis and those with an underlying organic reason for their CCFI. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Use of expedited post-operative protocol for children undergoing appendicostomy reduces length of hospitalization.
- Author
-
Short, Scott S., Zobell, Sarah, Gaddis, Katherine, Mammen, Lija, Wynne, Elisabeth, and Rollins, Michael D.
- Abstract
An appendicostomy (ACE) is a surgical option for antegrade enemas in children with severe constipation and/or fecal incontinence who have failed medical management. In 2019, we initiated an expedited post-operative protocol and sought to examine our short-term outcomes compared with our historical cohort. A retrospective review was performed of all children undergoing ACE between 2017 and 2020. Children were excluded if they underwent an associated procedure (e.g. colon resection). Patients were divided into two cohorts: historical cohort (2017–2018, Group A) and the expedited protocol (2019 to present, Group B). The primary outcome was length of stay. 30 patients met inclusion (Group A = 16, Group B = 14). The most common indications for ACE were constipation (50%) and constipation or fecal incontinence associated with anorectal malformation (43%). Group B experienced a decreased length of stay (1 vs 3 days, P = 0.001) without differences in 30-day surgical site infection (7.1% vs 18.8%, p = 0.61) or unplanned visit (15.4% vs 18.8%, p = 1.0). Group B had a higher prevalence of MiniACE® button placed through the appendix vs. Malone (42.8% vs 12.5%, p = 0.10). Our expedited post-op protocol decreased length of stay without other significant adverse clinical sequelae. Retrospective Comparative Study, Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Encopresis
- Subjects
Encopresis ,Health - Abstract
Overview Encopresis (en-ko-PREE-sis), sometimes called fecal incontinence or soiling, is the repeated passing of stool (usually involuntarily) into clothing. Typically it happens when impacted stool collects in the colon and [...]
- Published
- 2023
26. Encopresis in an Adolescent Treated by Imipramine: A Case Report.
- Author
-
Abudasser, Abdulaziz Muflih
- Subjects
- *
TEENAGE boys , *IMIPRAMINE , *ENURESIS , *TEENAGERS , *PATIENTS' families , *PATIENT-family relations - Abstract
Although encopresis is a rare disorder that is virtually absent by 16 years of age in children who show normal cognitive function, this condition creates abundant distress for patients and their families. There is a strong relation between encopresis and enuresis, and they share some of the same etiologies and treatment, but they differ in other ways. Information regarding pharmacologic treatment of encopresis remains very limited, and all studies are case reports. Herein, I described a boy with persistent adolescent encopresis and enuresis who was treated principally with imipramine. At the end of our observation period, we were pleased to note a very favorable response regarding encopresis, and a complete response regarding enuresis. We thus wish to supplement the currently available literature in this area with this novel result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
27. Encopresis: cuáles son sus síntomas, causas y tratamiento
- Published
- 2023
28. Functional urination or defecation disorders may be warning signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children in rural China
- Author
-
Xiaorui, Liu and Gaofu, Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,China ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adolescent ,Encopresis ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Humans ,Urination ,Child ,Defecation - Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with functional urination and defecation disorders among children in rural China.A cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 6-18 in rural schools in southwest China using a survey questionnaire. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire-IV (SNAP-IV) was used to measure ADHD symptoms, and standardized questions about urination and defecation were used to measure lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and functional defecation disorders (FDDs). The association of ADHD with LUTS and FDDs was analyzed by matched logistic regression after propensity score matching was performed to minimize the influence of potential confounders, including demographic characteristics.A total of 17,279 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of ADHD was 2 % mainly among boys before age 12, after which it showed a decreasing trend with age, resulting in a concomitant reduction in gender differences. The risk of ADHD was positively associated with the presence of enuresis, holding maneuvers, intermittency, and encopresis, with encopresis having the strongest association (P = 0.001). The presence of holding maneuvers, intermittency, excessive volitional stool retention, and encopresis were associated with a higher risk of ADHD at 6-15 years-old, with intermittency exhibiting an increasingly positive association with ADHD risk across ages 6-15.ADHD was associated with LUTS and FDDs, which highlights that functional urination and/or defecation disorders could serve as warning signs for ADHD that should trigger screening, especially in relatively backward regions with little ADHD awareness.
- Published
- 2022
29. [Encopresis in children, the view of child psychiatry].
- Author
-
Facchi C and Fournier L
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Encopresis epidemiology, Encopresis etiology, Encopresis psychology, Child Psychiatry
- Abstract
The article aims to provide a state of knowledge in the literature on encopresis in the child psychiatric population. The general definition of the symptom and its analysis are presented according to different approaches. Then, the clinic of encopresis is described according to its specificities. The main associated disorders and psychiatric/psychosocial risk factors are discussed in detail. Regarding patient care, the multidisciplinary approach, including the complementarity with the paediatrician, is essential in a number of cases. Finally, family approach and the impact of trauma would be interesting research perspectives.
- Published
- 2023
30. Neuropsychiatric Developmental Disorders in Children Are Associated With an Impaired Response to Treatment in Bladder Bowel Dysfunction: A Prospective Multi-Institutional European Observational Study.
- Author
-
O'Kelly F, t'Hoen LA, Silay S, Lammers RJM, Sforza S, Bindi E, Baydilli N, Donmez MI, Paraboschi I, Atwa A, Spinoit AF, and Marco BB
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Constipation, Developmental Disabilities complications, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Urinary Bladder, Intestinal Diseases, Urinary Bladder Diseases complications, Urinary Bladder Diseases therapy, Urinary Bladder Diseases diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: Bladder and bowel dysfunction is a common but underdiagnosed pediatric entity which may represent up to 47% of pediatric urology consults. The objectives of this observational study were to determine functional 1-year outcomes following standard treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunction in both control and neuropsychiatric developmental disorder groups using validated questionnaires, and to perform an initial cost analysis., Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted across a number of academic European centers (July 2020-November 2022) for new bladder and bowel dysfunction patients. Parents completed a sociodemographic survey, information pertaining to prior neuropsychiatric developmental disorder diagnoses, as well as a number of validated functional scores., Results: A total of 240 patients were recruited. In the control bladder and bowel dysfunction group, the baseline Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System and Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire scores were 20% and 17.% lower, respectively, after 1 year compared to the neuropsychiatric developmental disorder group. The change in improvement was diminished for the neuropsychiatric developmental disorder cohort in both Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System and Childhood Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire scores. The odds ratio of full symptom resolution was 5.7 in the control cohort compared to the neuropsychiatric developmental disorder cohort. A cost analysis on prescribed medications at referral led to a total cost of €32,603.76 (US $35,381.00) in the control group and €37,625.36 (US $40,830.00) in the neuropsychiatric developmental disorder group., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that pediatric patients with a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder exhibit more severe bladder and bowel dysfunction at baseline and throughout treatment with a lower overall quality of life, as well as 15.4% higher medication costs at referral. It is also important that parents' and caregivers' expectations are managed regarding higher levels of treatment resistance for functional bladder and bowel issues.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Comparing quality of life improvement after antegrade continence enema (ACE) therapy for patients with organic and functional constipation / encopresis
- Author
-
Shawn Brophy, Kelly Brennan, Emily Woodgate, Bridget Pinaud, Elizabeth McLaughlin, Joanne Gillespie, Zubin Grover, Christopher Blackmore, and Rodrigo LP Romao
- Subjects
Male ,Enema ,General Medicine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Treatment Outcome ,Encopresis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Female ,Surgery ,Child ,Constipation ,Fecal Incontinence ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
We compared patient- and family-reported overall and stool-related quality of life (QoL) before and after an antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure (cecostomy tube insertion) for refractory chronic constipation or fecal incontinence (CCFI). We hypothesized that patients with functional diagnoses experience similar improvements in QoL compared to those with organic diagnoses.This is a cross-sectional study of patients undergoing cecostomy tube insertion for CCFI at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2012 to 2019. Patients and/or primary caregivers completed validated stooling and overall QoL surveys based on three time points: before surgery, three months after surgery, and at the time of survey / date of last follow-up. Repeated measures analyses compared scores over time between subjects and within the diagnostic groups.The response rate was 65% (22/34 patients, 12 organic and 10 functional diagnoses). Mean age was 8.3 years and 32% of the participants were female. Organic diagnoses were: spina bifida (6), anorectal malformation (5), and Hirschsprung Disease (1). There was substantial improvement in stool-related and overall QoL at three months post-ACE procedure (both p0.001) for all patients; both scores continued to improve significantly until the date of last follow-up (median 4.1 years, IQR 2.3-5.6, p0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in scores between patients with organic and functional diagnoses.Caregivers perceive a significant, sustainable improvement in stooling habits and QoL following ACE therapy. The improvement is comparable between patients with a functional diagnosis and those with an underlying organic reason for their CCFI.
- Published
- 2022
32. Use of expedited post-operative protocol for children undergoing appendicostomy reduces length of hospitalization
- Author
-
Katherine Gaddis, Lija Mammen, Michael D. Rollins, Sarah Zobell, Elisabeth Wynne, and Scott S. Short
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Constipation ,Length of hospitalization ,Enema ,Group B ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Colostomy ,medicine ,Humans ,Fecal incontinence ,Post operative ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Encopresis ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Appendix ,Surgery ,Hospitalization ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Associated procedure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Fecal Incontinence - Abstract
Background An appendicostomy (ACE) is a surgical option for antegrade enemas in children with severe constipation and/or fecal incontinence who have failed medical management. In 2019, we initiated an expedited post-operative protocol and sought to examine our short-term outcomes compared with our historical cohort. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all children undergoing ACE between 2017 and 2020. Children were excluded if they underwent an associated procedure (e.g. colon resection). Patients were divided into two cohorts: historical cohort (2017–2018, Group A) and the expedited protocol (2019 to present, Group B). The primary outcome was length of stay. Results 30 patients met inclusion (Group A = 16, Group B = 14). The most common indications for ACE were constipation (50%) and constipation or fecal incontinence associated with anorectal malformation (43%). Group B experienced a decreased length of stay (1 vs 3 days, P = 0.001) without differences in 30-day surgical site infection (7.1% vs 18.8%, p = 0.61) or unplanned visit (15.4% vs 18.8%, p = 1.0). Group B had a higher prevalence of MiniACE® button placed through the appendix vs. Malone (42.8% vs 12.5%, p = 0.10). Conclusions Our expedited post-op protocol decreased length of stay without other significant adverse clinical sequelae. Level of evidence Retrospective Comparative Study, Level III.
- Published
- 2022
33. Ausscheidungsstörungen – Klassifikation und Definition nach ICD-11
- Author
-
Alexander von Gontard
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Constipation ,Encopresis ,business.industry ,030232 urology & nephrology ,General Medicine ,Elimination Disorders ,Enuresis nocturna ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Enuresis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Fecal incontinence ,Functional constipation ,medicine.symptom ,Medical diagnosis ,business - Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ausscheidungsstörungen sind häufige Störungen des Kindesalters. Es können drei übergeordnete Gruppen unterschieden werden: die Enuresis nocturna, das Einnässen tagsüber und die Enkopresis oder Stuhlinkontinenz. Inzwischen sind viele Subgruppen identifiziert, die sich exakt diagnostizieren lassen. Das Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die Klassifikationsvorschläge der ICD-11 kritisch darzustellen. Die Definitionen der Enuresis nach ICD-11 werden mit den Störungsbildern der Enuresis nocturna und der funktionellen Harninkontinenz tags nach ICCS verglichen. Die Enkopresis nach ICD-11 wird den Rome-IV-Definitionen der funktionellen Obstipation und der nicht-retentiven Stuhlinkontinenz gegenübergestellt. Es wird dabei deutlich, dass die ICD-11 nicht dem aktuellen Forschungsstand entspricht, dass sie für die klinische Praxis keine therapieleitenden Diagnosen liefert und dass sie für die Forschung nicht genau genug ist. Deshalb sind die Klassifikationssysteme der ICCS und der Rome-IV in Klinik und Forschung vorzuziehen.
- Published
- 2021
34. The impact of antegrade continence enemas on bladder function in patients with neurogenic bladder and bowel.
- Author
-
Lorenger LE, Albright RA, Storm DW, Bevill MD, Reyes BA, and Cooper CS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Cholinergic Antagonists, Constipation therapy, Constipation surgery, Enema methods, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Bladder surgery, Encopresis, Fecal Incontinence therapy, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Neurogenic Bowel complications, Neurogenic Bowel therapy, Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic etiology, Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: In neurologically intact children with constipation and lower urinary tract symptoms, treatment of constipation frequently results in improved or resolved lower urinary tract symptoms. The impact of treatment of constipation on bladder function in children with a neurogenic bowel and bladder is not well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of antegrade continence enemas (ACE) via Chait tube on urodynamic study (UDS) parameters and urinary continence in patients with neurogenic bowel and bladder (NGB). We hypothesized that following ACE some patients would demonstrate improved UDS parameters and improved urinary continence., Materials and Methods: A review of patients with NGB who underwent a cecostomy was performed. Inclusion criteria required UDS within 12 months before and after Chait tube placement and no change in clean intermittent catheterization or anticholinergic medications. UDS parameters assessed included bladder capacity, bladder compliance, and bladder stability. In addition, the frequency of antegrade continence enemas and encopresis were reviewed as was the frequency of UTIs before and after the surgery., Results: 8 children met inclusion criteria, including 5 girls and 3 boys, with a mean (range) age of 8.5 years (5-13). All children were on clean intermittent catheterization and 7 were on anticholinergic medications. The patients demonstrated a significant improvement in constipation and encopresis (p < 0.05). All but 1 patient had resolution of encopresis, and 6 of 7 patients who had constipation before ACE management had a resolution of constipation. 2 patients (25%) developed urinary continence (i.e., dry between CIC), and 2 others had improvement in continence. 3, 2, and 2 patients had urodynamic improvement in bladder capacity, compliance, or stability, respectively. However, no significant improvement in urinary incontinence or UDS parameters was demonstrated for the group overall., Discussion: Our data demonstrate that some children with neurogenic bowel and bladder will have improvement in continence and UDS parameters following the initiation of ACE. Despite significant improvement in constipation and encopresis, the frequency of bladder improvement in this population appears less than that reported in neurologically intact children following treatment of constipation. Confirmatory studies with a larger number of children are needed. However, since constipation appears to negatively impact bladder function in some children with neurogenic bowel and bladder, it is reasonable to try to eliminate significant constipation in these patients before increasing pharmaceutical management of their neurogenic bladder., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Clínica psicoanalítica : un caso de encopresis
- Author
-
Demaría, Valentina Noelia and González, Cristina
- Subjects
CLÍNICA ,PSICOANÁLISIS ,ENCOPRESIS ,TRATAMIENTOS ,NIÑOS ,CASOS - Abstract
Se trata de un caso personal de la práctica privada en consultorio con un menor de edad, que se considera puede tener relevancia para repensar la singularidad del caso, y quizás obtener inferencias posibles a otros casos semejantes en algunas de sus manifestaciones. La teoría psicoanalítica es la que guiará tanto la presentación como la lectura que justifican las intervenciones realizadas en el proceso terapéutico. Fil: Demaría, Valentina Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina.
- Published
- 2022
36. Enuresis and encopresis: Association with child abuse and neglect
- Author
-
J. Dayan, C. Creveuil, and N. Bapt-Cazalets
- Subjects
Male ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Encopresis ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,Child Abuse ,Enuresis ,Child - Abstract
Several reports suggest a possible link between child abuse and enuresis or encopresis but concern small series of children and present therefore methodological biases. The objective of the present study was to clarify this issue by examining the relationships between child abuse and enuresis or encopresis in a large sample of children.A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 428 children in social residential centers in France. Four types of child abuse were considered: sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect. The accuracy and reliability of the characterization of the type of abuse as well as that of the sphincter disorder was particularly high. In fact, all the cases benefited from both a social and a psychological investigation and from an observation in a residential center.More than 60% of the children were victims of at least one type of abuse. Encopresis was reported in 15 children (3.5% [95% CI: 2.0%-5.7%]), mostly among boys (13 cases). Enuresis affected 54 of the 390 children aged five years or more (13.8% [95% CI: 10.6%-17.7%]). Most of the cases also appeared in boys (38 cases). Rates of encopresis were found to be seven-fold higher in both psychologically abused and neglect children compared to non-abused children (P=0.01). Concerning enuresis, a weaker but still significant association was found with sexual (OR= 3.3, P=0.025) and physical abuse (OR=2.3, P=0.035).Our findings support the hypothesis that enuresis and encopresis are associated with specific types of child abuse.
- Published
- 2022
37. Caregiver's reports of their children's psychological symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and caregiver's perceived stress in Turkey
- Author
-
Ahmet Buber and Merve Aktaş Terzioğlu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Turkey ,Turkish ,perceived stress ,Perceived Stress Scale ,Family income ,Impulsivity ,children ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Child ,Pandemics ,Encopresis ,Anhedonia ,COVID-19 ,Separation Anxiety ,Sibling relationship ,Mental health ,language.human_language ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Caregivers ,Parent ,language ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,mental health - Abstract
Purpose There is limited information about Turkish children's mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, in a Turkish community sample, we investigate the psychological symptoms in primary school children after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak according to caregivers and the caregivers' perceived stress levels. Materials and methods The sample was randomly selected from the primary schools in Denizli, Turkey. Denizli is a large city and the total population is around one-million. The study was conducted online. The caregivers responded to a sociodemographic and daily life during pandemic questionnaire and psychological symptoms screening form (which evaluated whether the children had any newly developed symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). One-thousand-seven-hundred-ninety-seven people were included in the study. Data was collected between 3 July and 31 August 2020. Results Symptoms such as anhedonia, gets angry easily, fidgets around, sleeping problems, impulsivity, appetite problems, restlessness or nervousness, and feels sad can be seen more frequently than other symptoms in children. Caregivers' PSS scores were higher in mothers than fathers. An association was found between the PSS scores of the caregivers and all psychological symptoms questioned in the study for children, except for encopresis. Lower education level of the father, lower family income, having a child with a psychiatric disease, impaired sibling relationship, and impaired functionality at home were risk factors for higher caregivers' PSS scores. Conclusion It may be beneficial to take supportive measures in terms of protecting children's mental health.
- Published
- 2022
38. [Functional Constipation and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment].
- Author
-
von Gontard A and Claßen M
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Laxatives, Constipation diagnosis, Constipation epidemiology, Constipation therapy, Causality, Fecal Incontinence diagnosis, Fecal Incontinence epidemiology, Fecal Incontinence therapy
- Abstract
Functional Constipation and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment Abstract. Objective: Constipation and fecal incontinence are common disorders in children and adolescents and are associated with incapacitation and a high rate of comorbid psychological disorders. Functional constipation and nonretentive fecal incontinence can be differentiated according to the current Rome-IV classification systems. This interdisciplinary guideline aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding somatic and psychiatric assessment and treatment. It formulates consensus-based, practical recommendations. Methods: The members of the Guideline Commission consisted of 11 professional associations and a parental organization. The guideline was based on current literature searches, several online surveys, and consensus conferences based on standard procedures. Results: Functional constipation is much more common than nonretentive fecal incontinence. Constipation requires a detailed medical assessment to exclude somatic causes, especially in young children. Red flags are useful indicators of organic causes to be considered. Most cases of constipation are functional (approximately 95 %). Counseling, toilet training, disimpaction, and long-term oral laxatives, combined with cognitive-behavioral interventions, are most effective. The assessment and treatment of nonretentive fecal incontinence are similar. The rate of somatic factors is much lower (approximately 1 %). Laxatives can worsen outcomes and should be avoided. Comorbid psychological disorders are common (approximately 30 % to 50 %). They should be assessed and treated additionally according to evidence-based guidelines. Conclusions: The recommendations of this guideline were approved with a high consensus. Interdisciplinary cooperation is especially important, as somatic factors and comorbid psychological disorders and symptoms need to be considered. More research is required, especially regarding nonretentive fecal incontinence.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Застосування внутрішньосфінктерної електростимуляції при функціональних енкопрезах у дітей
- Author
-
I.V. Horodna, N.V. Shundikova, M.M. Kostyk, O.L. Yavorska, and R.Y. Koshelevskyi
- Subjects
Functional encopresis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Communication ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Encopresis ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Sphincter ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
У статті показано ефективність застосування внутрішньосфінктерної електростимуляції при функціональних енкопрезах у дітей за допомогою спеціального електрода. Відзначено значно більшу ефективність її застосування при істинному енкопрезі порівняно з несправжнім енкопрезом.
- Published
- 2022
40. Enuresis and encopresis: Association with child abuse and neglect.
- Author
-
Dayan J, Creveuil C, and Bapt-Cazalets N
- Subjects
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Child Abuse, Encopresis complications, Enuresis complications, Enuresis epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: Several reports suggest a possible link between child abuse and enuresis or encopresis but concern small series of children and present therefore methodological biases. The objective of the present study was to clarify this issue by examining the relationships between child abuse and enuresis or encopresis in a large sample of children., Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 428 children in social residential centers in France. Four types of child abuse were considered: sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect. The accuracy and reliability of the characterization of the type of abuse as well as that of the sphincter disorder was particularly high. In fact, all the cases benefited from both a social and a psychological investigation and from an observation in a residential center., Results: More than 60% of the children were victims of at least one type of abuse. Encopresis was reported in 15 children (3.5% [95% CI: 2.0%-5.7%]), mostly among boys (13 cases). Enuresis affected 54 of the 390 children aged five years or more (13.8% [95% CI: 10.6%-17.7%]). Most of the cases also appeared in boys (38 cases). Rates of encopresis were found to be seven-fold higher in both psychologically abused and neglect children compared to non-abused children (P=0.01). Concerning enuresis, a weaker but still significant association was found with sexual (OR= 3.3, P=0.025) and physical abuse (OR=2.3, P=0.035)., Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that enuresis and encopresis are associated with specific types of child abuse., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [Elimination disorders - ICD-11 classification and definitions].
- Author
-
von Gontard A
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, International Classification of Diseases, Diurnal Enuresis, Elimination Disorders, Fecal Incontinence diagnosis, Fecal Incontinence therapy, Nocturnal Enuresis
- Abstract
Elimination disorders - ICD-11 classification and definitions Abstract. Elimination disorders are common in children and are can be divided into three main groups: nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, and encopresis or fecal incontinence. There are also many subgroups that can be diagnosed exactly. This review critically presents the definitions and the classification suggestions of the ICD-11. It compares the definitions of enuresis according to ICD-11 with those of nocturnal enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence of the ICCS. It also contrasts encopresis according to ICD-11 with functional constipation and nonretentive fecal incontinence by the Rome-IV criteria. It becomes apparent that the ICD-11 does not reflect current research findings; that it does not render specific diagnoses, which are prerequisites for effective treatment; and that it is not exact enough for research. In conclusion, the ICCS and Rome-IV definitions are the preferred classification systems in clinical practice and research.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Elimination disorders.
- Author
-
Rager, Christopher
- Subjects
Psychosomatic medicine ,Encopresis ,Enuresis - Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed., 2013) defines elimination disorders—encopresis and enuresis—as the excretion of feces or urine, respectively, in areas other than those deemed socially acceptable, such as the toilet. For a psychiatrist to give this diagnosis, a child must experience at least one such elimination per month (encopresis) or two per week (enuresis) for a minimum of three consecutive months—or, in the case of enuresis, "clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational) or other important areas of functioning"—once the child has reached the age at which proper waste disposal is considered a normal developmental skill. In general, children who suffer from elimination disorders do not have control of their bodily functions; therefore, the disorders are often considered the result of a physical condition or abnormality. However, children who do have rectal and bladder control will occasionally discharge urine or fecal matter voluntarily. This is usually an indication of an underlying psychological problem that requires thorough psychiatric evaluation.
- Published
- 2023
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.