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The article reviews some of the relationships between AI and education, emphasizing the metaphors used, the difficulties in finding points of agreement, as well as aspects of the social criticism that is made of AI (e.g. considering that it can be a form of unwanted deviation). AI appears as one more case of technology that comes to improve education, as happened in the past with other less "intelligent" technologies, although now with more arguments in its favor. Secondly, it explores the logical mechanisms (abduction) that are widely used in human reasoning but also in AI, showing how their uncontrolled use can lead to certain conversation algorithms being able to lie, something that teachers would not do. An ethical rather than logical question is raised that deserves to be explored later.

We utilize a difference-in-difference design to examine the effect of adopting a statewide promise program on the enrollment of community college students across socio-economic status. Limited by a small sample size for treated units, we find inferential evidence that the adoption of a state-wide, last-dollar promise program for community colleges with no merit-based or need-based criteria raised the enrollment of in-state first-time-in-college, full-time students in their first year of college from families that earned between $0 and $75,000 in adjusted gross income. Effect sizes were largest for students from the lowest SES group ($0 to $30,000) approximately 168 additional students enrolled per 2-year institution per year following Tennessee Promise program adoption. Findings controlled for year-to-year variations in unemployment and state price parities. We discuss benefits and concerns regarding scholarships such as the Tennessee Promise that increase enrollment for lower-income students but do not affect the amount of financial aid included in their award packages in practice.

In this paper, we discuss the significance of re-humanizing education and educational research within an AI-dominated era. We also suggest that tactile learning, often overlooked in educational research and digital pedagogies, cultivates unique ways of multi-sensory knowing and encourages holistic understanding, complementing intellectual learning and enriching research processes. Using the metaphors and practices of weaving, knitting, and crocheting, we argue that tactile experiences, especially those involving fiber crafts, create a fabric of interconnections, fostering growth and intellectual expansion. Exploring the applicability of tactile learning in the educational landscape, we examine a number of scholarly works that demonstrate the benefits of integrating fiber craft activities in educational settings across various learning levels. We also delve into the role of researchers as makers and weavers, arguing that the tangible act of textile creation, namely tapestry-making and knitting, encourages reflexivity and allows for revisiting assumptions, refining and deepening meaning-making. We further emphasize the potential of tactile learning as a tool for fostering inclusivity in education and accessibility in the dissemination of research findings. Recognizing the need for academic work to be comprehensible beyond the confines of academia, we suggest the use of tactile representations, such as a woven tapestry, as non-traditional, creative ways to share research outcomes with a wider and more diversified audience. In essence, this paper underscores the potential of a combination of tactile learning and reflexivity in inspiring new insights and threading humanity back into education and educational research.

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has ignited debates regarding its potential benefits and detriments for education. Despite widespread discussions, insights into GenAI's impact on education have been limited because early studies have often been narrow in scope and focused on specific contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the volume, engagement, and content of initial reactions to one leading GenAI tool, ChatGPT. Specifically, we collected and analyzed public online discussions of ChatGPT in the first four months following the tool's release. We collected 345 posts and 6,463 comments about ChatGPT from 25 education-focused subreddits. We analyzed the volume, engagement, and content of ChatGPT discussions through descriptive statistics and natural language processing techniques. Findings show relatively low volume of ChatGPT discussions, unevenly spread across education-related subreddits--with the majority of the discussions occurring in two subreddits, while six subreddits did not have any discussions. Despite this, the level of engagement within ChatGPT posts was substantial; for instance, a ChatGPT post hosted a median of 15 comments, and these comments were lengthy, indicating rich engagement rather than superficial. The content of ChatGPT discussions across the six largest education-related subreddits differed in the degree of analytical thinking and emotional tone even while sharing a predominant focus on students and AI. Diverse reactions to and perspectives on GenAI--observed from varied levels of volume, engagement, and content of ChatGPT across educational-related subreddits--highlights how diverse educational stakeholders reacted to GenAI differently, offering insights into how to explore, analyze, and comprehend the spread and adoption of technological innovation in education.

This article examines Swiss educational information and communication technology (ICT) coordinators ('Pädagogischer ICT-Support'; PICTS) in Swiss compulsory schools in their ambivalent role between active agents of change and mere facilitators for their colleagues. Using a qualitative research design, it explores the history, self-perception and current roles of PICTS in the canton of Zurich and their interaction with other actors in the education system and the cantonal authorities. This paper draws on science and technology studies to understand the unique role of educational ICT coordinators. The results show that the perceptions and self-understanding of PICTS have remained consistent since their establishment, even though the digital technologies they deal with have evolved rapidly. Their dual role allows PICTS to be both active agents of change and part of a school's teaching staff. Working at the frontier, they are ambiguous figures, embodying the contradictions of digital transformation in education without necessarily making them explicit.

The aim of this paper is to explore how the history of images and conceptual metaphors resulting from them that we use in educational reflections are formed regardless of if they are problematized in practical life. Insight into history shows how these images are shaped not only by our own experiences and by the context of our lives, but also by the history of such images, which are unconsciously inscribed in our metaphorical speech through so called "residues of meaning". The paper clarifies this, using the examples of "alimentary images," that are a transition from "nutrix" (wet nurse) to "nutritor" (teacher). The text offers selected examples of consideration of alimentary images. These are among the most primitive and therefore the deepest images of human experience. This history is an example of a cultural line that goes from ancient educational imagination to the more recent forms of such images, even if always with different accents.

The teaching-learning process in engineering aims to meet current societal demands and address real challenges faced by businesses and the job market. Challenge-based learning (CBL) has gained traction as an active and innovative approach in engineering education, introducing real challenges and open questions to the classroom regarding environmental sustainability and issues faced by Industry 4.0. These challenges require resources and technology that turn the teaching-learning process into an open system, demanding partnerships beyond academia for validating deliverables and projects. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study aimed to systematically analyze the implementation and implications of CBL for competencies development. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PRISMA method, 62 articles were used for abstract analyses to identify methods, workload, resources, structure, technology, and stakeholder integration, as well as to answer the research questions. The studies were categorized into three types of applied challenges: 1) social and environmental sustainability; 2) Industry 4.0; and 3) those related to Educational Institutions. A total of 46 articles were analyzed in their entirety, and summarized in three tables. All analyzed studies showed that CBL is effective according to summative and formative assessments, leading to sociotechnical competencies development through experience with real-world challenges, teamwork, and interaction with external partners. As most studies are qualitative, there is room for quantitative investigations to better justify the relevance of CBL, especially in terms of adaptive and personalized learning. Moreover, the workload and complexity imposed by CBL, particularly on teachers, warrant further study to facilitate implementation and engagement.

The mental health treatment gap remains wide across the world despite mental illness being a significant cause of disability globally. Both end-user and healthcare provider perspectives are critical to understanding barriers to mental healthcare and developing interventions. However, the views of providers are relatively understudied. In this review, we synthesized findings from current literature regarding providers' perspectives on barriers to mental healthcare in Canada. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for eligible Canadian studies published since 2000. Analysis and quality assessment were conducted on the included studies. Of 4,773 reports screened, 29 moderate-high quality studies were reviewed. Five themes of barriers emerged: health systems availability and complexity (reported in 72% of the studies), work conditions (55%), training/education (52%), patient accessibility (41%), and identity-based sensitivity (17%). Common barriers included lack of resources, fragmented services, and gaps in continuing education. Interestingly, clinicians often cited confusion in determining the ideal service for patients due to an overwhelming number of potential services without clear descriptions. These five domains of barriers present a synthesized review of areas of improvement for mental healthcare spanning both patients and clinicians. Canadian mental health systems face a need to improve capacity, clinician training, and in particular service navigability and collaboration.

In this paper I try to 'rethink' consistency as an educational quality for the 3rd millennium, following Italo Calvino's choice to take it up in his lecture series Memos for the Next Millennium, and despite the fact that the (final) lecture devoted to this quality remained unwritten. After reflecting on how consistency already plays a certain role in Calvino's other lectures, I expand on the specific educational implications of this role's unresolved ambivalence, in order to argue that this ambivalence, properly understood, might be fully constitutive of the educational significance of consistency. To achieve such an understanding I turn to Gilles Deleuze and his concept of style as a 'practice' of consistency. Not only does a stylistic understanding of consistency offer interesting possibilities for a more constructive approach to the said ambivalence--between consistency as static stability and dynamic keeping-together--but as such it also speaks to a number of issues that are directly and fundamentally educational in nature.

The concept of sustainability has been gaining prominence due to its social, economic, and environmental implications. The urgency surrounding this issue continues to mount as we strive to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda. To achieve these goals, it is imperative to harness scientific knowledge and innovative educational approaches. Pedagogical approaches can be a powerful ally to behavioral change, playing a decisive role in educating sustainable communities. Concurrently, neuroscientific basis has been used as a relevant tool to foster knowledge on human behavior, namely value attribution and decision-making. In this work, we emphasize the construction of 1-day workshops with high school students, focusing on neuro-based processes underlying sustainable choices. Several innovative pedagogical methods have been employed to encourage the development of critical knowledge and promote the adoption of more sustainable behavior. This article discusses the connection between sustainable consumption and neuroscience, highlighting the vital role of education in shaping the consciousness of responsible citizens. The diversity of educational activities, the stimulation of creativity, and critical thinking cannot only improve the acquisition of concepts but also contribute to the education of citizens who are informed and capable of making responsible and conscious decisions.

For decades, Pakistan's government has continuously provided its citizens with accessible, universal, basic education; however, these efforts have not yielded any gains for the citizens. Consequently, Pakistan has a lower literacy rate, one of the lowest in South Asia and the rest of the world. Although such a substantial issue is daunting and weakens the country's educational system, there needs to be more evidence that proposes potential implications or interventions in identifying the most important in-school factors of primary school enrollment in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study derived a literature review-driven hypothesis and administered a rigour analysis using the 2018 school census from the Punjab government education commission, showing detailed information on 24,305 public primary schools. The finding of this study asserts that the medium of instruction has shown a considerable impact on primary school enrollment and the availability of qualified teachers. Single-sex schools, WASH facilities, and the security of schools have significant and diverse effects in determining student enrollment, which leads to forwarding possible implications to scholars, educators, and policymakers.

In recent years, the proportion of the active population over 55 years of age has increased and, with it, early retirement, unemployment of older workers and senior "push" entrepreneurs. Given the repercussions at a social and economic level, the debate about the need to recover and keep seniors in the labour market is becoming increasingly rife. The aim of this study is to evaluate the evolution and European tendency towards the training and reintegration of seniors and demonstrate how formal education and continuous training can make a difference when it comes to prolonging their working life and subordinate their conditions and employment opportunities. Data from the European Working Conditions Survey between 2010 and 2021 are used and a descriptive statistical analysis and a hypotheses contrast are carried out using the Student's t test. The results show: (1) a greater effort to train and revalue seniors; and (2) that educational level and training generate significant differences in terms of the type of tasks to be performed and some variables that condition job satisfaction.

This study examines the challenges of humanism and education in the 21st century as addressed by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk in his Elmau Speech (1999). In this lecture, titled "Rules for the Human Zoo", Sloterdijk argues that the traditional notion of humanism, specifically "humanism as a literary society," has reached its conclusion, necessitating the development of a new humanism appropriate for the contemporary era. However, the new concept of humanism emerging from what Sloterdijk terms the "anthropotechnic turn" appears to align with the discourses surrounding human enhancement that have emerged in the 21st century, thereby influencing the realm of education. The first half of this article reports on the significant concerns and criticisms expressed by the media at that time regarding this new humanism, which seems to be associated with eugenicist ideas. Taking a step further, this study critically examines the nature of the challenges around education implied by Sloterdijk, specifically the conflict between "friend of humans and friend of Übermensch", and explores the potential roles and responsibilities of education in the latter part of the paper.

The process by which user experiences (UX) for children are created is uncertain, especially for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. This paper seeks to (I) describe the origins of UX and child-computer interaction and to describe what is being taught to designers today; (II) use the example of digital assessment to extract insights from practitioners about UX design for DHH children; and (III) describe opportunities for amending today's UX design curricula to foster more equitably designed products for children. Interviewing 13 practitioners revealed the following findings. (1) Allowing non-designer participants to self-identify their profession makes them more likely to discuss design concepts. (2) The challenge of working with children is more about legal/risk assessment than any gaps in design education. (3) Practitioners who design products for children follow similar processes to designers who design for adults; age-specific language is the main difference child and adult UX.

Chinese leaders in the tutoring industry encountered a crisis brought about by the Pandemic and the Double Reduction Policy. This exploratory multi-case study applied a conceptual framework that combines informal learning, strategic thinking, and experiential learning theory to explore how those leaders learned to think strategically in this crisis. Fifteen Chinese educational entrepreneurs were interviewed about their strategies and learning experiences related to the crisis. The findings suggest that the participants learned to think strategically from direct experiences, indirect experiences, and two thinking processes -- systems thinking and metaphorical thinking. This process was also influenced by Chinese cultural and historical wisdom. This study extends the current understanding of strategic thinking and learning practices among Chinese educational entrepreneurs. The research contributes to cultivating Chinese leaders' strategic thinking capabilities through informal learning during crises and offers practical value for leadership development in Chinese culture.

In this article, we explore the intersection of creativity, education, and technology, with a focus on the impact of Generative AI (GenAI). We delve into the transformative potential of GenAI in redefining educational and creative processes and challenging our existing notions of learning and creativity. Through a conversation with renowned creativity researcher Dr. Ronald Beghetto, we thematically explore how GenAI redefines educational and creative processes and challenges conventional notions of learning and creativity. Dr. Beghetto's work highlights a shift from fearing failure to embracing possibility thinking, advocating for a mindset that views creativity as a dynamic interplay of potential and adaptability. His recent work with GenAI tools illustrates their role as catalysts for possibility thinking, pushing the boundaries towards future-oriented thought and innovation. GenAI can function in multiple ways--including as a reflection of human intellect and values, and as a collaborative partner that enriches human creativity with its unpredictability and generative capabilities. We emphasize the importance of direct, critical, and creative engagement with GenAI in educational settings, cautioning against its passive or uncritical use, and advocating for a balanced approach that leverages its strengths while remaining aware of its limitations. Sharing several possibility thinking tools he has created, Dr. Beghetto offers readers a nuanced perspective on the role of GenAI in education and creativity, advocating for a future where these tools are used responsibly and creatively to unlock new possibilities and enhance human potential.

Social media has provided challenges and opportunities for education for democracy. There have always been structural elements of communication that are hidden and perpetuate inequalities. Social media has accelerated and empowered these hidden structures through algorithms. In this argumentative essay, we examine how critical media literacy can uncover hidden power structures and support education for democracy. Critical media literacy can help students identify exclusionary, inaccurate, missing, and polarizing elements of social media while examining and discussing issues and events. Seen through this lens, social media provides opportunities for education for democracy. Critical media literacy and education for democracy provide opportunities for increasing civic engagement and renewal.

This research aims to determine the overall effect size of gender and marital status on the perception of paternalistic leadership. In line with the research objective, studies on the perception of paternalistic leadership carried out between 2005 and 2022 in Türkiye were analysed with the meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis covered 22 studies on gender (n [subscript Gender]=9569) and 10 studies on marital status (n [subscript Marital Status]=6397) on the perception of paternalistic leadership. In this meta-analysis study utilising the random effects model, the Hedges' g value determining the standardised mean difference between the groups was used to calculate the effect sizes, and the origin of the heterogeneity in the research was tried to be determined by the moderator (sub-group) analyses. Research results revealed that the overall effect size of gender on the perception of paternalistic leadership was at a low level, with a value of 0.170, while the effect size of marital status was at a mean level, with a value of -0.523. However, it was determined in the moderator (sub-group) analyses that the effect size led to a statistically significant difference just in terms of sample groups in both gender and marital status variables.

Media literacy is an essential area of discussion with its digital competencies and skills, the online opportunities it provides, and the risks it carries. The mobilization of today's media tools, the ability to connect to the network through smartphones regardless of time and place, and easy accessibility have brought new media tools to the centre of our lives. The speed and change in new communication technologies present new opportunities and risks, especially for children and young people. Today, the new media environment and tools have a social role in determining, transforming, shaping and giving new forms to social relations. Communication relationships, online behaviours and attitudes realized by technology are the subjects of many studies. Being constantly networked or connected is essential in young people's social identity construction and carries many risks. The individual who needs to be media literate in the face of traditional media has to be much more conscious and educated in the face of multi-media channels and productions that are renewed and changed with today's digital developments. In this context, structural changes and transformations in information and communication technologies have made it necessary to discuss new media literacy and new literacy skills, online opportunities and risks. As a result of the conceptual discussion, it has been revealed that individuals who have the digital competencies and skills of the 21st century, who can use online opportunities at the maximum level, who are aware of online risks and can minimize them, should be trained with new media literacy education.

With the development of communication and information technologies, communication tools in the field of promotion and marketing have shifted from the traditional environment to the digital environment. In this context, the increase in Internet usage and the developing social media channels have started reaching much wider audiences. This situation has also led to transferring advertising and marketing activities to social media environments. Today, a new dimension has been added to the field of advertising, especially the environment prepared for viral ads to become influential on the masses. Viral ads, which are the subject of research, are spread by Internet users by filtering messages by people, transmitting them to another interested person and potentially transmitting and sharing the content of the message to those interested. The influence of social values on advertising, the harmony of the prepared advertisement with society and, in particular, the topics and content of the viral ads have also been affected. In this study, the analysis of the campaign of the "Ice Bucket Challenge" advertisement is included. This ad, an example of a viral ad, has been analyzed in the context of technological, corporate/brand, supporting factors, statistical success, using celebrities and opinion leaders, and its impact on education. In particular, information, awareness and awareness formation appear as essential features that attract attention within the scope of the study.

This study aimed to evaluate the students' efficacy in literacy and numeracy skills in commerce subjects in secondary schools in Fiji. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used to gather relevant data. The findings show that literacy and numeracy skills are essential in commerce subjects, as students require basic literacy and numeracy skills to read, write, comprehend, calculate, and interpret. The findings also showed that parental engagement at an early stage of the child's life helps improve the child's literacy and numeracy skills. The results also showed that the "drop everything and read" or DEAR programme and modern technology positively affect students' literacy and numeracy skills, which helps them do better in commerce classes.

When workers hear about a possible promotion, it is common for them to get training, and they can do so through education. However, there is the possibility that the worker needs to receive a salary according to the knowledge acquired in such training. In this study, considering a population of employed workers with incomplete secondary school, we apply game theory concepts to explore whether workers can train through study. If so, the model shows the percentage of the salary the worker is willing to invest in his education. Furthermore, the cost of studying implicitly involves an opportunity cost, deduced quantitatively in the model. In conclusion, our article defines specific thresholds to decide if the worker should study, the economic investment, and the time he would spend on it, depending on how strict the company is in auditing. The analysis does not define a Nash equilibrium since the company's reaction is not considered.

The general purpose of this research is to examine the objects in the Güzelyurt Archeology and Nature Museum in the context of museum education. Answers to the following questions were sought: which archeological objects are in this museum in line with this general purpose? Can these objects be used in museum education activities in line with the learning outcomes of the lessons taught in the primary school level of the basic education program? In order to collect the data of the research, document analysis method was used. First the learning outcomes of 8 courses in the basic education program were examined. Then, the archaeological objects in the Güzelyurt Archeology and Nature Museum were classified and evaluated according to their characteristics and ages. It is envisaged that 82 archaeological objects belonging to the Neolithic, Ceramic Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Geometric, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman Ages can be used within the scope of museum education.

Social justice is a critical component of many of the helping disciplines. Similar goals govern these different disciplines, which are reflected in the scholarship of their professional training. However, the crossover in scholarship is limited. This review of social justice andragogy literature from various fields in the United States creates a conversation among these helping disciplines so that they may be able to learn from each other. From these separate realms of scholarship, the authors have derived terms and recommendations of what these disciplines may learn from one another through their shared obstacles and through processing of their work.

The development of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about new opportunities for improving the learning experience in education. ChatGPT, a large language model trained on a vast corpus of text, has the potential to revolutionize education by enhancing learning through personalized and interactive conversations. This paper explores the benefits of integrating ChatGPT in education in Thailand. The research strategy employed in this study was qualitative, utilizing in-depth interviews with eight key informants who were selected using purposive sampling. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis and the software NVivo. The study's results indicated that ChatGPT can provide personalized learning experiences by adapting to individual student needs and preferences. Its ability to understand natural language and context can also facilitate more meaningful interactions between students and the system. Additionally, ChatGPT can assist with administrative tasks such as grading and feedback, allowing educators to focus on more personalized and meaningful interactions with students. Furthermore, ChatGPT can serve as a valuable tool for remote learning, providing students with the ability to access educational resources and support outside of traditional classroom settings. The paper also discusses potential ethical considerations in utilizing AI in education, such as data privacy and bias. Overall, this paper argues that the integration of ChatGPT in education has the potential to enhance the learning experience for students by providing personalized, interactive, and efficient support.

In adult learning and education the need is defined as the discrepancy between the current stage of development of professional competences, as well as those of general culture, and the desired (possible to be achieved) stage. The need reflects the existence of a problem that requires intervention, a problem that needs to be dealt with, but also a motivational drive for lifelong learning. As a rule, the learning and education needs of adults are determined from the perspective of the appearance of some changes, the dynamics of developing the areas of adults' interest. In the given study we will try to establish the learning and education needs of adults from the perspective of internal and external factors: a) pandemics, conflicts and violence, polarization and division of society, economic inequality, misinformation and propaganda; b) psychological, social and andragogic. The focus is on the systemic analysis of the learning and education needs of adults, which is followed by several further processes: data collection using methods and tools; identifying priorities and establishing mechanisms for solving problems; needs satisfaction actions; establishing needs assessment criteria and tools. Identifying the learning and education needs of adults is a two-dimensional process: assessment of needs by service providers and assessment/self-assessment of needs by adult learners. Each of the above-mentioned factors generates different needs for learning and formal, non-formal or informal education of adults, including on the professional, social and individual dimensions. Addressing complex factors from the perspective of adult learning and education will essentially contribute to their more efficient integration into society, but will also contribute to reducing the influence of these factors by meeting the learning and education needs of adults.

An estimated 42% of Australians who consult complementary medicine (CM) practitioners have a mental health diagnosis. Preparedness of CM practitioners in managing such diagnoses is currently unknown. A cross-sectional survey of 257 CM practitioners who reported caring for people with a mental health diagnosis. Practitioners' mental health literacy, educational needs, and confidence in the assessment, management, and treatment of mental health--including suicide risk--were analysed. Most (59.1%) participants had no formal qualifications in mental health and 44.3% indicated they had not completed any training in psychological therapies. Only 20% were trained in mindfulness-based techniques or goal setting. Over 50% reported their undergraduate qualification contained insufficient mental health content to prepare them for clinical practice. Over one-half had attended continuing professional education on mental health. Practitioners reported greater confidence in assessing, managing, and treating mental wellbeing over complex mental health disorders and suicide risk. These findings uncovered a deficit in the CM practitioner's surveyed mental health education. As these CM practitioners are a primary point of contact for patients with mental health diagnoses, there is a critical need to expedite skills development in this workforce to support the delivery of safe and effective primary mental health care.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among college students is a significant problem that negatively affects their physical and emotional health. This study aimed at examining risk factors, especially childhood adversities at the individual, relationship, and community levels, of IPV perpetration among college students. Methods: The sample from seven universities in the U.S. and Canada (N = 3,725) completed an online survey. Major variables included IPV perpetration, five types of childhood adversities, alcohol and drug use, depression, and demographic information. Logistic regression was performed. Results: Peer violence victimization, witnessing parental IPV, experiencing child maltreatment, drug use, and depression were associated with a higher odd of perpetrating IPV. Conclusions: Research and practice must account for exposure to multiple risk factors when intervening with college students. An integrative approach that combines trauma-informed interventions with substance use and mental health treatment may be most successful at IPV perpetration prevention and intervention among college students.

Developing countries achieve surprisingly weak results in international cognitive competence studies. The results are about one to two standard deviations below the average norm-values obtained in Western countries. The results are so low that they are sometimes difficult to believe. For example, in the World Bank collection, Nigeria scored 262 student assessment points (SASQ, about two and a half standard deviations below the norm 500, equivalent in the IQ-scale to 64 points); in the Lim et al. collection, Yemen scored 336 SASQ (equivalent to IQ 75). These results have triggered opposition, factual-scientific criticism, but also ethical debates and political-ideological objections. We crosscheck the values here by comparing different sources of information, statistical analysis, and on-site reports. Results of the different test paradigms seem to be similar for country groups. However, there are sometimes major differences for individual countries. The same is true for comparing different test collections: results of grouped countries are similar, but single countries differ. Using education, GDP per capita and politics to predict test scores shows somewhat higher results for the Global South (5 IQ points), especially for Latin America (rising from 78 to 86 points in an IQ metric). Finally, observational studies of schools and every day life in several countries of the Global South point to problems in the scope and quality of instruction as well as of thinking. To improve outcomes and competences, it is recommended to expand education (e.g., kindergarten, extension of schooling) and better train teachers. Where there are large discrepancies between predictions and test results, the potential seems to be large.

This article compares the education, employment, and care work biographical sequences of Canadian and German women and men from late adolescence into mid-adulthood. Through the lenses of comparative gendered life course theory and welfare regime theory, sequence and cluster analyses are used to determine the adult life course sequences of women and men in each country and to assess the extent to which they differ across contexts. The analyses reveal clear gender differences in work-family balance in labour market participation and unpaid care work. Groups also differ strongly on educational attainment, income, and family composition. Comparatively, gender differences are less marked in the Canadian context. These results suggest that differing gendered trajectories result in diverse outcomes depending on the national context, shaping different outcomes for women cross-nationally. Our findings highlight how historical and contemporary country-specific welfare state policies support or hinder women as active and productive members of society.

Generation Alpha are the first to grow up immersed in digital technology and presumed to be wired differently than previous generations. This systematic review synthesizes the research literature on what has been learned so far and broadly answers the following question: What is happening in the education and training of Generation Alpha? The literature review was conducted based on guidelines outlined by The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Titles of 2,093 studies, abstracts of 603 studies, and 335 full-text studies were evaluated for inclusion criteria. A total of 83 studies were included into the literature review. The studies were sorted into four major categories: (1) the role of teachers, (2) the role of new approaches to education, (3) the role of teaching tools, and (4) the role of blended/online learning. Despite frequent use of the term "Generation Alpha" in the research literature, relatively few studies report generational differences that reveal how children of this generation are characteristically different from previous generations. There is simply a strong assumption that Generation Alpha is different. A major concern is that the use of technology by Generation Alpha has decreased opportunities for social-emotional development and increased mental health problems. There are digital educational tools and online strategies being developed and tested but none have emerged to be dominant.

We argue that the legitimacy of international organisations (IOs) as self-proclaimed representatives of humankind, which was unfounded from the outset, is waning. To substantiate that claim, we undertake a critical inquiry into the legitimacy of the promissory visions pursued by IOs in the field of education across three historical periods. The first traces the rationalistic educational planning and idealistic 'one world' projects of the post-World War II period. The second examines the era of globalisation, when the discourse that legitimised the educational visions of IOs shifted towards the promises of the 'global knowledge economy'. The third discusses the contemporary trend towards emergency governance and crisis narratives. While the narratives of progress shifted, a pattern that has emerged is the move towards globalism and uniformity. Drawing on insights from philosophy and historical studies of world-empire, we argue that the world-making experiments conducted by IOs were destined to be unsuccessful.

This article performs bibliometric analysis to study the contributions of Saudi institutions in the education field in journals indexed in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED). Publications from 1991 to 2020 were assessed. Characteristics of document types, publication outputs, Web of Science categories and journals, and publication performances in terms of quantity for countries and institutes were investigated. To investigate performance quality, citation histories of the most frequently cited articles in the 30 years and the most frequently cited articles in 2020 were examined. The number of citations from the WoS Core Collection in the most recent year, total number of citations since the publication year 2020, and citations per publication were used to evaluate publication performances. Results showed that educational research articles were substantially published in the last decade. The most number of articles were published in the category of scientific disciplines education, followed by the education and educational research category. For international collaboration, Saudi Arabia had the most number of international collaborations with the US. However, articles that were collaborated with Germany had the highest impact. King Saud University was the most productive institution in terms of high-quantity and high-quality published articles.

Recent scholarship on anti-fascist education has stressed the role of everyday manifestations of power and oppression as the locus of molecular or microfascism, a term coined by Deleuze and Guattari. While identifying the ways in which power structures operate at the quotidian level is undoubtedly an important educational task, this paper argues that an anti-fascist educational approach must also account for the ways in which such structures are connected to concrete political manifestations of fascism. To this end, it explores the potential contributions and challenges of an Arendtian conception of love in the context of anti-fascist education. Drawing on Arendt's polemical interactions about love with Israeli scholar Gershom Scholem, this paper suggests that Arendt's conception of love as belonging outside the realm of the political, and her rejection of a love for the nation and for collectivities in general, can serve as important pedagogical tools in uncovering and critiquing specific affective appeals characteristic of fascist and neo-fascist rhetoric. While in Arendt's own work love is not explicitly associated with an analysis of fascism, her thinking about love brings us back to questions about the very meaning of politics, questions that are foundational to any meaningful attempt to establish an anti-fascist pedagogy.[AQ]