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Fractional data suffering from large proportion of values at boundaries are very common in the social and economic surveys. Existing literature usually separates the whole data into three parts and specifies a three-part regression model to them. In this article, we develop an attractive two-part latent variable model for fractional data. The separated three parts are synthesized into two parts to characterize the association among the whole data. Moveover, latent variables are incorporated into the data analysis to interpret extra heterogeneity and item-dependence. We also include a structural equation to explore the interrelationships among the multiple factors. To downweight the influence of the distributional deviations and/or outliers, we develop a semiparametric Bayesian analysis procedure. Parameter estimation and model assessment are obtained via Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method. A real example pertaining to the cocaine use is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people want the government involved in healthcare. Is this because citizens are concerned about their own vulnerability, the plight of vulnerable others, or both? To test for these concerns, we used representative surveys and experimental economic games. We found robust evidence for concern for others. In surveys, people who worried about vulnerable others wanted more government involvement in healthcare. In experiments, people with the opportunity to subsidize vulnerable others often helped. The evidence for personal concern was more mixed. In surveys, people who were personally vulnerable did not usually want more government involvement in healthcare. In experiments, however, vulnerable people often wanted more healthcare. Additional data suggests that concern for the vulnerable is motivated by social preferences, empathy, and compassion. We discuss how the logic of healthcare is different from other aspects of the welfare state and therefore needs to be studied separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes data from the China Land Economic Survey (CLES) to investigate the impact of rural cadre households on formal credit in Jiangsu Province, China. The findings demonstrate that rural cadre households are more likely to obtain formal credit compared to non-cadre households. This result is robust and supported by various mechanisms, including rural cadre households' superior financial knowledge, family assets, and social capital. The study highlights the significance of political status as a crucial factor influencing households' access to credit, thereby adding to the existing literature on household finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine two dominant approaches to studying how issues influence elections: one that emphasizes parties' issue positions, and the other parties' issue ownership. Research from the latter approach shows that voters ascribe greater economic competence to right-wing parties. Based on this finding, we argue that parties enhance their economic issue ownership when voters perceive them shifting to the right. In the following step, we show that perceived rightward shifts of parties also lead to subsequent increases in electoral support. We analyze economic ownership survey data and election outcomes in 15 democracies over the period 1986–2015 that supports the expectations that parties' perceived rightward shifts result in increases in economic ownership and subsequent vote shares. We also show that the right-shift vote gains are strongest during recessions when voters prioritize parties' economic competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the foundation of Odisha's economy and it continues to be the backbone of the state. The state was recognized for its commendable agricultural production and abundant natural resources. Extensive water reservoirs, forests, substantial rainfall, and a sufficient surplus of labor were pivotal elements that play a significant role in fostering agricultural growth and development. The present research concentrates on the agricultural sector which plays a crucial role in shaping overall Gross Value Added (GVA) of the state and also highlights the study of agricultural sub sectors namely crop, livestock, forestry & logging, fishing & aqua culture. The principle of Pareto's 80/20 rule is used to identify the 20% Vital few agricultural sub sectors (VFS) which contribute 80% to total GVA. Thus by promoting the GVA of these VFS sectors the remaining 80% of agricultural sub sectors contributing 20% to the total GVA will automatically be benefited. The objective is to scrutinize, compare, and forecast data pertaining to the contributions of the agricultural sub sectors to Odisha's GVA spanning from 2011-12 to 2021-22. The GVA data were extracted from the Odisha Economic Survey 2021-22. Additionally, various statistical tools and tests, including analysis of variance, F-test, trend analysis, linear regression analysis, were adopted to derive meaningful insights and to formulate various policy measures for the development of the vital few agricultural sub sectors. Despite a 27% contribution to the Gross Value Added (GVA), significant disparities among sub-sectors were identified, necessitating targeted interventions. Recommendations include investing in irrigation infrastructure, promoting crop diversification, providing modern training, supporting small-scale farmers, improving market connections, and embracing sustainable practices. Addressing these disparities could unleash the sector's full potential, fostering sustainable development and empowering farming communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify internal migration flows between Chilean regions and analyse migrants' economic mobility. A data pool from National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) surveys was used to determine migrants' economic position according to their income quintile. Internal migrants were matched with non-migrants of similar status from their region of origin to compare their economic mobility. Results show that the majority of internal migrants did not achieve economic advancement in the short and medium terms, which challenges the neoclassical and functionalist assumptions of a positive relationship between migration and social mobility. Finally, we identify three interregional elevators in Chile: the Austral, Norte Grande and Metropolitan macro-regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The IMPACT survey aimed to elucidate the humanistic, clinical and economic burden of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) on individuals with OI, their families, caregivers and wider society. Research methodology, demographics and initial insights from the survey have been previously reported. The cost of illness (healthcare resource use, productivity loss, out-of-pocket spending) and drivers of the economic impact of OI are reported here. Methods: IMPACT was an international mixed-methods online survey in eight languages (fielded July–September 2021) targeting adults (aged ≥ 18 years) or adolescents (aged ≥ 12–17 years) with OI, caregivers with or without OI and other close relatives. Survey domains included demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, quality of life and health economics. The health economic domain for adults, which included questions on healthcare resource use, productivity loss and out-of-pocket spending, was summarised. Regression and pairwise analyses were conducted to identify independent drivers and associations with respondent characteristics. Results: Overall, 1,440 adults with OI responded to the survey. Respondents were mostly female (70%) and from Europe (63%) with a median age of 43 years. Within a 12-month period, adults with OI reported visiting a wide range of healthcare professionals. Two-thirds (66%) of adults visited a hospital, and one-third (33%) visited the emergency department. The mean total number of diagnostic tests undergone by adults within these 12 months was 8.0. Adults had undergone a mean total of 11.8 surgeries up to the time point of the survey. The proportions of adults using queried consumables or services over 12 months ranged from 18–82%, depending on the type of consumable or service. Most adults (58%) were in paid employment, of which nearly one-third (29%) reported missing a workday. Of the queried expenses, the mean total out-of-pocket spending in 4 weeks was €191. Respondent characteristics such as female sex, more severe self-reported OI and the experience of fractures were often associated with increased economic burden. Conclusion: IMPACT provides novel insights into the substantial cost of illness associated with OI on individuals, healthcare systems and society at large. Future analyses will provide insights into country-specific economic impact, humanistic impact and the healthcare journey of individuals with OI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article surveys the economic policies pursued over the first decade of the Irish Free State. The Cumann na nGaedheal governments of W. T. Cosgrave are argued to have been more pragmatic than ideological in their approach and to have been more successful in their management of the economy than is generally realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analysed gender disparities in Pakistan focusing on access to primary education and women's education in light of National Education policies from 1947 to 2017 to achieve universal primary education. This study aimed to trace the evolution of National Education policies (1947–2017) in the attainment of universal primary education and gender disparities in Primary education in Pakistan. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to extract relevant data related to policy objectives, strategies, and targets of primary education, gender disparities, and women's education. The quantitative data was extracted from the Pakistan Economic Survey 2022–2023, Pakistan Education Statistics 2020–2021, and all National Census 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981, 1998, and 2017. The study found that education policies highlighted the importance of primary education but did not dedicate larger sections to women's education in the first 40 years. The recent education policies addressed the importance of women's education for achieving gender parity. These findings, which stem from a review of national education policies' documents, are in line with the findings drawn from the quantitative data extracted from authoritative reports which stated that significant gender disparities existed in the numbers of primary schools, access to primary education, and students' enrolments throughout the history of Pakistan. The study also found significant gender disparities in the number of primary schools per 100,000 children, with male students comparatively attending schools more than female students. The study found consistent gender disparities in primary education enrolment in Pakistan with notable progress in recent years but have not been able to eliminate these disparities. Gender disparity is evident in literacy rate, gross enrolment rate (GER), and net enrolment rate (NER). The study recommended that the revision of existing policies and formulation of new education policies should be based on comprehensive documentation on women's education and its impact on the economy, literacy rate, and universal primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes a comprehensive approach to the issue of Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET), delving into the often overlooked role of social class disparities. By using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic model and data from the 2022 National Social Economic Survey (SUSENAS), it provides a robust exploration of the complex socioeconomic factors that shape the transition to adulthood among youth. This study contributes to understanding social stratification and its impact on NEET youth. The main finding underscores the protective role of social class against youth being NEET, revealing that adolescents from higher social class households are less likely to disengage from study or work compared to those from lower social classes. The analysis uncovers determinants of NEET youth, including, among others, being female, married, having higher education, and having a female-headed household. Meanwhile, protective factors of NEET youth include, among others, age, disability, residing in a household whose head is working, and residing in urban areas. Comparing estimation results across social classes reveals that individuals from the low social class have a significantly higher propensity to be NEET than those from the high social class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how and to what extent mechanization in land preparation (MLP) can help improve irrigation water productivity (IWP) (measured as rice yield per unit volume of irrigation water). We employed an endogenous treatment regression model to estimate the 2021 China Land Economic Survey (CLES) data collected from Jiangsu province, China. The results reveal that MLP adoption increases IWP significantly; a higher IWP is determined by whether or not farmers adopt MLP rather than through which channel they access their farm machines; the effects of MLP adoption on IWP are monotonically increasing across the selected quantiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between sustainable concerns (in terms of production and finance) and endogenous growth. First, we start with the pioneering exogenous growth models since they are flexible enough to introduce ecological matters. Indeed, within a Solow (1956) tri-factor production function framework, the introduction of a third input has shed light on the opportunities to converge towards a sustainable growth. By sustainable, we mean all actions aiming at promoting growth and protecting the planet (UN Sustainable Development Goals). To complete this study scope, we introduce the natural resource variables and inclusive finance as endogenous growth models. We present the simplest model called AK and then we extent the analysis to more sophisticated approaches. All models have concluded that the production activity ought to be greener. However, it is possible the production sectors turn greener, but only under the condition the finance is green as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the backward design model, the author of this article surveys and connects the economic competencies literature evolving from Hansen with the literature on literacy-targeted principles courses. He makes the case why departments should offer LT principles courses—which focus on higher-level mastery of a shorter list of concepts that students can apply throughout their lives—explains what students should be able to do after taking LT courses, and differentiates LT principles from existing "intro for non-majors" or "survey" courses. The author intends the article as a starting point for anyone interested in exploring or assessing the LT approach and suggests options for departments thinking about integrating LT principles into their course offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Financial inclusion and digital finance go side by side and help enhance agricultural activities; however, the magnitude of digital financial services varies across countries. In line with this argument, this study aims to examine whether financial inclusion enhances agricultural participation and decompose the significance of the difference in determinants of agricultural participation between financially included – not financially included households and digital finance – no digital finance households. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses Pakistan's household integrated economic survey 2018/19 to test hypotheses. The logit model is used to examine the effect of financial inclusion on agriculture participation. Moreover, this study employs a nonlinear Fairlie Oaxaca Blinder technique to investigate the difference in determinants of agricultural participation. Findings: This study reports that financial inclusion positively influences agricultural participation, meaning households may have access to financial services and participate in agricultural activities. The results suggest that the likelihood of participating in agriculture in households with mobiles and smartphones is higher. Moreover, household size, income, age, gender, education, urban, remittances from abroad, fertilizer, pesticides, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables are the significant determinants of agricultural participation. To distinguish the financially included – not financially included households' gap, this study employs a nonlinear Fairlie Oaxaca Blinder decomposition and finds that differences in fertilizer explain the substantial gap in agricultural participation. Likewise, this study tests the digital finance – no digital finance gap and finds that the difference in fertilizer is a significant contributor, describing a considerable gap in agricultural participation. Research limitations/implications: Empirically identified that various factors cause agricultural participation including financial inclusion and digital finance. Regarding the research limitation, this study only considers a developing country to analyze the findings. However, for future research, scholars may consider some other countries to compare the results and identify their differences. Practical implications: The accessibility of fertilizer can reduce the agricultural participation gap. However, increased income level, education and cotton and sugar production can also overcome the differences in agriculture participation between digital finance and no digital finance households. Originality/value: This is the first study to decompose the difference in determinants of agricultural participation between financially and not financially included households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research is aimed to study the indicators of post reform growth in insurance and its impact on economic development in India. Insurance penetration, insurance density, and gross domestic savings are the dominant measures to study the growth of insurance. Economic development is studied through Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The annual data of 22 years (year 2001 to 2022) from IRDA annual reports and economic surveys have been used. To analyse the data, ARDL technique has been employed. The findings of the study revealed that there is an existence of co-integration (both long-run and short-run) amongst the dependent (GDP) as well as independent variables (indicators of insurance). The findings of the current study have come up with the view that still in insurance, there is an ample scope to tap by creating more awareness and providing more benefits to the policyholders as the intention to purchase the policies may be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ifo Dresden Berichtet: Ueber Konjunktur, Struktur, Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Economic Survey of India of 2017-18 and OECD data show that the Indian Income Tax Department (ITD) loses more than two-thirds of the income tax appeals litigated before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), the High Courts, and the Supreme Court in India. However, reasons for the ITD's subpar performance, which may adversely impact revenue collection and the ability of the government to fund public services, are unknown. This study applies grounded theory methodology to case law, interview, and survey data to develop a theoretical model to explain the ITD's low success rate in income tax litigation. The study shows that Indian bureaucratic culture, which is characterised by poor accountability, ineffective performance management, and a trust deficit, contributes to the ITD's low success rate in income tax litigation before the ITAT and the courts. Inadequate accountability and ineffective performance management in turn contribute to the poor quality of income tax assessments and the ITD filing meritless or frivolous appeals. Factors that lead to such sub-standard quality of income tax assessments and ITD filed appeals include revenue targets imposed on income tax officials by the ITD, inadequate supervision of tax officials with regard to their assessment of tax, and tax officials disregarding precedent in the process of making assessments and filing appeals. The inferior quality of income tax assessments and ITD filed appeals consequently results in the low success rate of the ITD in tax litigation. In addition, poor accountability and ineffective performance management perpetuate inadequate representation of the ITD before the appellate fora, adding to the ITD's losses in litigation. Further, trust deficit, which underlies Indian bureaucratic culture, fosters a mindset of tax officials that reflects prejudice against taxpayers and a fear of audit and investigation. Trust deficit also leads to officials abdicating their responsibility to make objective decisions in favour of taxpayers. This trust deficit therefore adds to the poor quality of tax assessments and appeals filed by the ITD, further compounding the ITD's losses in income tax litigation. By explaining reasons for the low success rate of the ITD in income tax litigation as well as the poor quality of income tax assessments made and income tax appeals filed by the ITD, the theory of Indian bureaucratic culture provides insights for reforming Indian tax administration. Further, the use of grounded theory methodology to develop a theory based on multiple sources of empirical evidence is a unique contribution to the field of taxation and to the literature on tax administration, especially, the literature on Indian tax administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey article provides an overview of the recent experimental economic literature on fairness‐related behaviors in children and adolescents. We discuss different motives underlying fair behavior, summarize the development of fairness and inequality acceptance across different developmental stages, and we shed light on behavioral heterogeneity with respect to gender, SES, and cultural background. Moreover, we also discuss the role of preferences and social norms as determinants of fair behavior in children and adolescents. To learn about the origins of fair behavior, we address the influence of social environments, such as the family and we discuss the potential contribution of the genetic disposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s manufacturing sector has been a key source of the economy’s dynamism. Analysis after 2007 however is hampered by problems in the key data source for empirical analysis, the National Bureau of Statistics’ (NBS) annual survey of industrial firms. Issues include missing information on value added and intermediate inputs, and concerns of over-reporting. The annual survey of firms conducted by China’s State Taxation Administration (STA) provides a reliable, alternative source of firm-level data for years from 2007 to 2013. Since the sample is not representative and the precise sampling scheme is not known, the data cannot be used directly to draw inferences on China’s manufacturing sector. By comparing the joint distribution of key variables for which both surveys provide reasonably reliable information, we recover the sampling scheme of the STA survey and use it to simulate samples for 2007 to 2013 that are comparable to the NBS sample in earlier years. Our estimates reveal a marked slowdown in revenue-based total factor productivity growth that cuts across all industries, ownership types, and regions. The loss of dynamism in the private sector, and the reduced contribution of firm entry to aggregate productivity growth are especially prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the increasing use of social-network games, game addiction has become a serious challenge to the world. This study investigates the effects of risk preference, loss aversion, and time preference on the behaviour of Japanese adolescents and young adults purchasing 'Gacha', or loot box gambling, in social-network games. We surveyed 1,210 respondents, aged 12 to 23 years; approximately 34% of the respondents had purchased 'Gacha'. We found that loss-averse and risk-averse female respondents had less experience paying for 'Gacha', with their highest billing amount charged per month being lower than that of other female respondents. Furthermore, future-oriented female respondents had less payment experience than present-oriented ones, with the highest billing amount charged per month for the former respondents being also lower. The highest billing amount charged per month of loss-averse male respondents was significantly lower than that of other male respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport has often had an important role in times of crisis, but the Covid-19 pandemic is another matter. Sport was heavily affected world-wide on all levels. In Sweden, gathering people for endurance events conflicted with the Covid-19 restrictions. Some events were cancelled, but many tried to adapt. What adaptation strategies to Covid-19 have Swedish event organizers used? What role have digital tools played in their adaptation? What economic impacts did these events experience? We argue that the challenges posed by Covid-19 have accelerated the digitization of endurance events and highlighted the tensions between commercial and non-commercial actors in sports due to the differences in financial structure and eligibility for economic support. We thereby contribute to the growing research on how sport events in general have been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, and specifically in the context of Sweden's somewhat exceptional response to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sheds light on the impact of the media on economists' expectations for future economic developments. We conducted a worldwide economic expert survey and find that the media provides most economists with valuable information that influences their expectations. This applies significantly more for economists in countries with long standing democratic systems and developing countries with somewhat flawed democratic institutions than for economists in newer democracies and countries with authoritarian regimes. Moreover, the experts estimate the influence of the media remarkably higher on others than on themselves. This is consistent with the theory of the third‐person effect that says that an individual's behavior is influenced due to the belief that other people find certain issues important and act accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This state-of-the-field article surveys the economic histories of Netherlandish art. Tracing major contributions by scholars following in the footsteps of Michael Montias, we present the developments of art historical econometrics and consider the evolving ways in which economic analyses address topics such as supply, demand, price, labor, and form. We show the various applications of economic methods and pay particular attention to the interrelations between quantitative research and other modes of inquiry: archival, technical, biographical, stylistic, digital, regional, global, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ifo Dresden Berichtet: Ueber Konjunktur, Struktur, Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty is a big threat to prosperity in developing countries like Pakistan. Alleviating poverty needs concerted efforts including how to measure and analyze poverty. Therefore, this paper employs synthetic panel technique and uses repeated cross-sections household survey dataset (Household Integrated and Economic Survey (HIES)) of Pakistan for 2010–11 and 2015–16, to derive poverty bounds for Pakistan. The findings of the paper suggest that 17% of population still remains in poverty in 2015–16 as they were in 2010–11. They don't move in or out of poverty. In the same periods 19% population affected by poverty. The 2.5% poor's of 2010–11 moves out of poverty in 2015–16. This constitutes the first attempt to provide an insight into poverty dynamics in Pakistan using the available survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to analyze the functioning and coverage of the public distribution system in rural Haryana, India. For analyses, secondary data were taken from various government reports like the Economic Survey of Haryana, Economic Survey of India, Census of India, Food and Supply Department, Haryana, etc. The analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics. : The study's findings revealed that the public distribution system facilitates 51.45 percent of the total rural population of Haryana. As Per the guidelines of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, 75 percent of the rural population should be covered by the States under the benefits of the public distribution system. The public distribution system operates in the State with a vast network of Fair Price Shops (FPS) and a well-organized structure. The study revealed that the ratio of the beneficiaries of PDS to the FPS in Haryana is quite satisfactory and meets the criteria fixed by the Food and Supply Department of India. The State of Haryana does not meet the criteria of NFSA, 2013. One primary reason is that a large part of the population falls under the APL category, which has been excluded from the benefits of PDS after the implementation of NFSA, 2013.While the ratio of beneficiaries to FPS indicates the magnificent functioning of FPSs in the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the 2018 survey data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamic (HILDA) in Australia and the Household Economic Survey (HES) in New Zealand to investigate the retirement income sufficiency in Australia and New Zealand. Our baseline results indicate that the annuitized net wealth is greater for Australian retirees than for New Zealand retirees. However, New Zealand retirees enjoy a higher level of life satisfaction than Australian retirees. Further analysis reveals a significant greater pre- and postretirement income for the top 10% of wealthy Australian retirees, mainly due to the higher level of homeownership in Australia within this group. Our study fills the gap in the existing literature, which studies the macro- and microlevel influences on Australia and New Zealand retirees, and it also offers important policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous panel surveys around the world use multiple modes of data collection to recruit and interview respondents. Previous studies have shown that mixed-mode data collection can improve response rates, reduce nonresponse bias, and reduce survey costs. However, these advantages come at the expense of potential measurement differences between modes. A major challenge in survey research is disentangling measurement error biases from nonresponse biases in order to study how mixing modes affects the development of both error sources over time. In this article, we use linked administrative data to disentangle both nonresponse and measurement error biases in the long-running mixed-mode economic panel study "Labour Market and Social Security" (PASS). Through this study design we answer the question of whether mixing modes reduces nonresponse and measurement error biases compared to a single-mode design. In short, we find that mixing modes reduces nonresponse bias for most variables, particularly in later waves, with only small effects on measurement error bias. The total bias and mean-squared error are both reduced under the mixed-mode design compared to the counterfactual single-mode design, which is a reassuring finding for mixed-mode economic panel surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences. Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational large‐scale assessments (ELSAs) or social, health, and economic survey and panel studies. The meta‐analytic integration of these results offers unique and novel research opportunities to provide strong empirical evidence of the consistency and generalizability of important phenomena and trends. Using ELSAs as an example, this tutorial offers methodological guidance on how to use the two‐stage approach to IPD meta‐analysis to account for the statistical challenges of complex survey designs (e.g., sampling weights, clustered and missing IPD), first, to conduct descriptive analyses (Stage 1), and second, to integrate results with three‐level meta‐analytic and meta‐regression models to take into account dependencies among effect sizes (Stage 2). The two‐stage approach is illustrated with IPD on reading achievement from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We demonstrate how to analyze and integrate standardized mean differences (e.g., gender differences), correlations (e.g., with students' socioeconomic status [SES]), and interactions between individual characteristics at the participant level (e.g., the interaction between gender and SES) across several PISA cycles. All the datafiles and R scripts we used are available online. Because complex social, health, or economic survey and panel studies share many methodological features with ELSAs, the guidance offered in this tutorial is also helpful for synthesizing research evidence from these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical surveys are often used in shaping managerial policy and practice. In this paper we study, how to analyze the association between two categorical variables based on census data with a high level of nonresponse. The purpose is to discuss the suggested approach to the investigation. We used the census data from the survey executed at one Slovak University for testing the new process. The proposed process offers the methods of analysis of the association between two categorical variables based on pseudo-population estimated from the census data with a high level of nonresponse. We recommend using the process in the surveys in which the costs of survey execution by the census are practically not different from sample survey costs, and the connections to all units of the population are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subjects of the study are private security companies. Its object is the leading role of the customer-centric approach for financial and economic justification of the successful functioning and development of private security companies. The research hypothesis is that an objective assessment of the financial and economic aspects and the motivation of individuals and legal entities to purchase protection and security services under the conditions of post-epidemic recovery of the economy can be carried out by means of customer satisfaction and service pricing justification surveys. The aim of this article is to present the results of a customer satisfaction survey and the assessment of the financial and economic aspects as well as the motivation of individuals and legal entities to purchase protection and security services under the conditions of post-epidemic recovery of the economy. Structurally, the article includes three main sections: the first section focuses on the circulation of cash flows of private security companies; the second section presents selected elements of the conducted survey; and the third present an analysis of the survey among private security companies where the protection and security services compete and at the same time complement property insurance services. The survey results (based on a multi-crtieria Likert scale) confirm the validity of the "value for money" concept as an important factor for the pricing of private protection and security services. The survey questionnaire successfully compares the services of non-life insurance companies and the services of protection and security companies. The prevailing opinion is in favour of using the services of specialized companies over taking out insurance policies, with 61% of respondents expressing the opinion that hiring a specialized protection and security company is a more effective way to ensure property protection to taking out equivalent insurance with a general insurance company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify dietary trends in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and whether inequities in dietary patterns are changing. We extracted data from the Household Economic Survey (HES), which was designed to provide information on impacts of policy-making in NZ, and performed descriptive analyses on food expenditures. Overall, total household food expenditure per capita increased by 0.38% annually over this period. Low-income households spent around three quarters of what high-income households spent on food per capita. High-income households experienced a greater increase in expenditure on nuts and seeds and a greater reduction in expenditure on processed meat. There was increased expenditure over time on fruit and vegetables nuts and seeds, and healthy foods in Māori (Indigenous) households with little variations in non-Māori households. But there was little change in processed meat expenditure for Māori households and expenditure on less healthy foods also increased over time. Routinely collected HES data were useful and cost-effective for understanding trends in food expenditure patterns to inform public health interventions, in the absence of nutrition survey data. Potentially positive expenditure trends for Māori were identified, however, food expenditure inequities in processed meat and less healthy foods by ethnicity and income continue to be substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the heterogeneous results about the impact of temporary jobs on subsequent labour market performances and to provide policymakers with further information on the effects of temporary contracts under particular circumstances. Design/methodology/approach: The authors present a quantitative systematic review on the debate about the "stepping stone vs dead end" hypothesis related to the causal effect of temporary jobs on future labour market performances. Findings: Among 78 observations from 64 articles, 32% support the hypothesis according to which temporary contracts are a port of entry into stable employment positions, 23% report ambiguous or mixed findings and the remaining 45% provide evidence in favour of the dead end hypothesis. The results from meta-regressions suggest that the stepping stone effect is more likely to emerge when self-selectivity issues are dealt with. The studies focussing on temporary work agency jobs and casual/seasonal jobs support more easily the dead end hypothesis. Finally, in more recent years and when the unemployment rate is larger, the dead end hypothesis is more likely to prevail. Originality/value: Although many studies have been published on this issue, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no recent analytic economic surveys on the "stepping stone vs dead end" debate. The main contribution of this article is to fill this gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ifo Dresden Berichtet: Ueber Konjunktur, Struktur, Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic and financial forecasts are important for business planning and government policy but are notoriously challenging. We take advantage of recent advances in individual and group judgement, and a data set of economic and financial forecasts compiled over 25 years, consisting of multiple individual and institutional estimates, to test the claim that nominal groups will make more accurate economic and financial forecast than individuals. We validate the forecasts using the subsequent published (real) outcomes, explore the performance of nominal groups against institutions, identify potential superforecasters and discuss the benefits of implementing structured judgment techniques to improve economic and financial forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the trend and pattern of nutritional status of women and children in North East India and explore the factors that perhaps explain the same. The analysis is based on secondary data available from various rounds of NFHS survey, Economic survey of India and other supporting secondary literature portrait the dichotomy between growth and development through the lenses of nutritional parameter. Apparently different NER states have flared differently in nutritional parameter and thereby urge to have states specific approach in identifying and targeting factors contribute the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Currently, online marketing communication represents a modern marketing approach, which is an important means of gaining a competitive advantage. Its field is versatile, suitable for any type of business and for achieving a wide range of goals. Trends in this area are subject to rapid changes and, in addition to the need for knowledge, require continuous optimization of marketing campaigns depending on current customer requirements. Among all consumers generations, it is Generation Z that represents one of the target segments for online marketing communication and that mostly via social media. Purpose of the article: Based on the above mentioned, the main aim of the paper is to analyse the use of online marketing communication in Slovak conditions, and its perception by Generation Z. This includes providing the theoretical background and analysis of the online marketing communication from the viewpoint of Slovak and foreign authors. The important source for secondary data was scientific research, annual companies report, statistical databases, published professional publications. Methods: In order to found out the perception of the online marketing communication from the perspective of Generation Z, a questionnaire survey was conducted. For determination the sample size, the base file representing number of populations from Generation Z was obtained from demographic statistics of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. General scientific methods (i.e., excerption, description, comparative analysis, deduction and induction) were used for data processing, as well as mathematical and statistical methods in the evaluation of data from the survey. Findings & Value added: In order to achieve the main goal of the paper, based on the theoretical background and survey results, research hypotheses were formulated and subsequently verified. Finally, based on the analysis and results of the questionnaire survey, benefits of the application of online marketing communication as a key tool to capture the attention of Generation Z were highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply a soft computing method to generate country-specific economic sentiment indicators that provide estimates of year-on-year GDP growth rates for 19 European economies. First, genetic programming is used to evolve business and consumer economic expectations to derive sentiment indicators for each country. To assess the performance of the proposed indicators, we first design a nowcasting experiment in which we recursively generate estimates of GDP at the end of each quarter, using the latest business and consumer survey data available. Second, we design a forecasting exercise in which we iteratively re-compute the sentiment indicators in each out-of-sample period. When evaluating the accuracy of the predictions obtained for different forecast horizons, we find that the evolved sentiment indicators outperform the time-series models used as a benchmark. These results show the potential of the proposed approach for prediction purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]