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Abstract Background Calf diarrhea leads to high mortality rates and decreases in growth and productivity, causing negative effects on the livestock industry. Lactate is closely associated with metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves. However, there have been no reports on lactate concentrations in Korean indigenous (Hanwoo) calves, especially those with diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the reference range of L-lactate and D-lactate concentrations in Hanwoo calves and to better understand the utility of lactate as predictive factors for acidemia in diarrheic calves. Results L-lactate and D-lactate concentrations were measured in healthy (n = 44) and diarrheic (n = 93) calves, and blood gas analysis was performed on diarrheic calves. The reference range in healthy calves was 0.2–2.25 mmol/L for L-lactate and 0.42–1.38 mmol/L for D-lactate. Diarrheic calves had higher concentrations of L-lactate and D-lactate than healthy calves. In diarrheic calves, L-lactate and D-lactate each had weak negative correlation with pH (r = − 0.31 and r = − 0.35). In diarrheic calves with hyper-L-lactatemia, the combined concentrations of L-lactate and D-lactate had moderate correlation with pH (r = − 0.51) and anion gap (r = 0.55). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed D-lactate had fair predictive performance (AUC = 0.74) for severe acidemia, with an optimal cut-off value of > 1.43 mmol/L. The combined concentrations of L-lactate and D-lactate showed fair predictive performance for predicting acidemia (AUC = 0.74) and severe acidemia (AUC = 0.72), with cut-off values of > 6.05 mmol/L and > 5.95 mmol/L. Conclusions The determined reference ranges for L-lactate and D-lactate in Hanwoo calves enable the identification of hyper-L-lactatemia and hyper-D-lactatemia. Diarrheic calves exhibited increased lactate concentrations correlated with acid-base parameters. While the concentrations of L-lactate and D-lactate have limitations as single diagnostic biomarkers for predicting acidemia or severe acidemia, their measurement remains important, and L-lactate has the advantage of being measurable at the point-of-care. Assessing lactate concentrations should be considered by clinicians, especially when used alongside other clinical indicators and diagnostic tests. This approach can improve calf diarrhea management, contributing positively to animal welfare and providing economic benefits to farms.

BackgroundThe effect of acidemia on blood coagulation remains inadequately understood in veterinary medicine. Therefore, we assessed the effect of in vitro acidification of canine whole blood on coagulation and investigated whether acidemia-induced coagulopathy could be reversed by reversing acidemia.MethodsCitrated whole blood samples were taken from six healthy Beagle dogs and categorized, based on pH adjustment, into neutral, weak acidemia (WA), strong acidemia (SA), and reversal from SA. Then, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, conventional thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and velocity curve (V-curve) variables of TEG were assessed.ResultsThe PT, aPTT, and most TEG parameters showed significant coagulopathy in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with additional significant changes in reaction time (R), clot kinetic (K), maximum amplitude (MA), split point (SP), elasticity (E), thrombodynamic potential index (TPI), and coagulation index (CI) between the SA and WA groups. Among V-curve variables, the maximum rate of thrombus generation (MRTG) and total thrombus generation were significantly inhibited in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with significant differences in the time to maximum rate of thrombus generation (TMRTG) between the WA and SA groups. In the reverse group, aPTT, R, K, α-angle, MRTG, TMRTG, SP, TPI, and CI exhibited significant recovery compared to the SA group.ConclusionThe in vitro induction of acidemia in canine whole blood leads to impairment of coagulation profiles, and pH correction can reverse most acidemia-induced coagulopathy.

Li-CO2 batteries (LCBs) have emerged as promising solutions for energy storage, with the added benefit of contributing to carbon neutrality by capturing and utilizing CO2 during operation. In this study, a high-performance LCB was developed using a Ge-doped LiAlGeTi (PO4)3 (LAGTP) solid electrolyte, which was synthesized via a solution-based method by doping Ge into NASICON-type LATP. The ionic conductivity of the LAGTP pellets was measured as 1.04 × 10−3 S/cm at 25 °C. The LCB utilizing LAGTP and an MWCNT/Ru cathode maintained a stable cycling performance over 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g, with a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh/g. Post-cycle analysis confirmed the reversible electrochemical reactions at the cathode. The integration of LAGTP as a solid electrolyte effectively enhanced the ionic conductivity and improved the cycle life and performance of the LCB. This study highlights the potential of Ge-doped NASICON-type solid electrolytes for advanced energy-storage technologies and offers a pathway for developing sustainable and high-performance LCBs.

Lactobacillus johnsonii 7409N31 was isolated from the feces of a healthy 11-day-old Hanwoo calf from a farm in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The genome of the strain was completely sequenced using the PacBio RSII sequencing system, and it was confirmed that it was composed of one circular chromosome. The size of the entire genome was 2,198,442 bp, and it had 35.01 mol% guanine + cytosine (G + C) content and 2,222 protein-coding sequences, 24 rRNA, 3 ncRNA, and 112 tRNA genes. Strain 7409N31 possessed genes encoding enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of both fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates. These data provide a comprehensive theoretical understanding for developing industrial probiotic feed additives that improve nutrient digestibility.

Abstract Background The association of gut microbiota with cancer etiology and prognosis has been demonstrated in humans and rodents but has not been studied in dogs with different types of tumors. Hypothesis/Objectives To analyze microbiome composition according to tumor progression based on metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic response in canine tumors. Animals Thirty‐two client‐owned dogs were divided into 3 groups: healthy (n = 9), with lymphoma (n = 12), with nonlymphoid tumors (n = 11). Methods Retrospective case series included animals were divided into subgroups according to the nature and severity of their tumors. Feces were screened for the 16S rRNA gene. Results Overall, alpha diversity was significantly reduced in dogs with tumors (n = 23; 12 lymphoid and 11 nonlymphoid) compared to healthy dogs (n = 9). Bacteroides had lower abundance in canine tumors at genus level. Staphylococcus showed significantly reduced abundance in dogs with aggressive tumor progression. Higher white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts and lower hematocrit were significant in dogs with aggressive tumor. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed several measurements that showed moderate to strong correlations, including Coprococcus with total WBC count, neutrophil count, and hematocrit in the aggressive tumor group, and Saccharimonas with serum albumin and sodium concentration in all tumor dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly reduced in dogs with tumors compared to healthy dogs. Correlations were found between changes in blood measurements and changes in microbiome composition in relation to paraneoplastic syndrome.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a gram-positive bacterial species that is utilised as a probiotic in humans and animals. There are no reports of infective endocarditis (IE) in dogs. An 8-year-old, spayed, female Maltese presented with a 1-month history of fever, depression, weight loss, and hindlimb lameness. Laboratory test results indicated non-regenerative anaemia, neutrophilia, hyperglobulinemia, and proteinuria. Echocardiography revealed vegetation on the septal leaflet of the mitral valve and thromboemboli in the left atrium. Consecutive blood culture results revealed that the blood samples were consistently positive for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which is generally considered a probiotic bacterial species for animals. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefotaxime) and anticoagulants (clopidogrel and rivaroxaban) were administered for 4 months. The clinical signs were responsive to antibiotic treatment. After 4 months, the dog was no longer febrile and the size of the thromboemboli in the left atrium had decreased. Bacteria were no longer isolated in blood cultures after antibiotic therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of canine IE caused by bactaeremic infection with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

IntroductionAberrant lymphoma phenotypes are frequently found in dogs, but the clinical implications are sparse.MethodsTwenty-seven dogs with aberrant lymphoma diagnosed using flow cytometry between 2017 and 2023 were analyzed. Major paraneoplastic syndromes, prognostic factors, and clinical features of lymphoma were compared to their immunophenotypes.ResultsTwenty-seven dogs had aberrant immunophenotypes, with MHCII- (48%) and CD3+/CD21+ (44%) being the most commonly identified aberrancies. In B-cell lymphoma, the most frequent aberrancies were MHC II- (53%), CD3+/CD21+ (41%), CD34+ (24%), and CD79a- (24%). Meanwhile, in T-cell lymphoma, CD3+/CD21+ (63%), CD4-/CD8-(50%), CD5- (50%), and CD45- (50%) were the most common. The platelet–neutrophil ratio was significantly higher in the CD3+/CD21+ group than in the other groups, where either one or both markers were not expressed (55.23 ± 39.64; 18.72 ± 14.95, respectively; p = 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in the MHCII-group (2.59 g/dL, 95% CI 2.31–2.87) than in the MHCII+ group (3.06 g/dL, 95% CI 2.88–3.23; p = 0.009). CD34 expression showed significant correlations with cranial mediastinal mass, WHO clinical substage, and fever (p = 0.028, p = 0.041, and p = 0.047, respectively). MHCII expression was correlated with adverse reactions to chemotherapy, cranial mediastinal masses, and fever (p = 0.009, p = 0.023, and p

Abstract Leukaemia cutis (LC) is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes into the skin, characterised by haemorrhagic papules, nodules, and plaques. LC has been reported in human leukaemia patients, but it is extremely rare in dogs. A 13‐year‐old spayed female Golden Retriever that was previously diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was managed with chlorambucil (20 mg/m2 orally, every 2 weeks) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg orally, every other day) for 8 months; however, immunosuppression was temporarily discontinued because of a bacterial urinary tract infection. Cutaneous signs, including multifocal ecchymosis and white plaques, appeared 1 month after cessation of chemotherapy. Histopathological examination revealed small‐ to intermediate‐sized lymphocytes with mild atypia in a perivascular to interstitial pattern within the superficial dermis. The bands of atypical cells within the superficial dermis were strongly and extensively positive for CD3 on immunohistochemistry. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the biopsied skin revealed clonal rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor gamma locus gene. Given the evidence of clinical signs, peripheral immunophenotyping, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonal gene arrangement, LC was diagnosed. The lesions disappeared when chemotherapy was restarted but were occasionally observed when chemotherapy was stopped. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first case report of LC in a dog.

We report a rare case of sterile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A 5-year-old, neutered male Maltese dog presented with extensive crusts on the whole-body surface and multifocal erosions and plaques on the four limbs. The lesions had been present for two months and did not respond to antibiotics before the presentation. In addition, the dog was lethargic, anorexic, and febrile, with joint swelling. A clinicopathologic analysis revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift and increased C-reactive protein level. Furthermore, a histopathological examination showed moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrates consisting predominantly of neutrophils from the superficial to the deep dermis. There was no evidence of bacterial or fungal infections, and autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus, and erythema multiforme, were excluded. Sweet's syndrome, a rare skin disorder, associated with systemic inflammation was diagnosed, and the cutaneous lesions and systemic inflammation disappeared after prolonged steroid administration.

Lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. A 4-year-old female mongrel dog presented with solitary lymph node enlargement. Significant right prescapular lymphadenopathy and abdominal enlargement were observed during physical examination. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis, and a peripheral blood smear revealed lymphoblastosis and Mott cells. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right prescapular lymph node revealed a predominant population of lymphoblasts and Mott cells. Based on the FNAC and blood smear results, the patient was diagnosed with leukemic state multicentric B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. Subsequent PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry revealed that the patient exhibited cross-lineage rearrangement (CLRA) and lineage infidelity (LI), respectively. CHOP-based chemotherapy was initiated, however, the patient’s disease was progressive. The patient died three months after the initial presentation. Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma (MCL) has rarely been reported in the veterinary literature and seems to show an unusual clinical course. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of MCL with CLRA and LI exist. We report the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MCL with CLRA and LI.

A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese presented with purpura and hematemesis. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, but evidence of hemolytic anemia was not identified. Three milligrams of human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) was administered for 3 hours following prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. A pale mucous membrane was identified, and the packed cell volume decreased by 3%. Blood film examination revealed significant spherocytosis with auto-agglutination. Blood transfusions and immunosuppression were continued for 4 days, and hIVIG was discontinued. This report describes a case of increased immune-mediated hemolysis after hIVIG administration, possibly due to new-onset immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or enhanced immunogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal lymphomatosis (PL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm in dogs. A nine-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever presented with pleural and peritoneal effusions. Diagnostic imaging revealed diffuse nodular to massive lesions in the mesentery, particularly in the caudal abdomen. While the superficial lymph nodes did not show significant changes, enlargement was observed in the intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic lymph nodes. Cytological and flow cytometric analyses of the effusion indicated the presence of large B-cell lymphocytes expressing CD3-/CD5-/CD14-/CD21-/CD34+/CD45+/CD79a+. PL was diagnosed using diagnostic imaging and fluid analysis. This case report highlights the clinical and diagnostic features of canine PL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Siewert–Kartagener’s syndrome, a type of primary ciliary dyskinesia, is a complex disease comprising situs inversus, rhinosinusitis, and bronchiectasis. Situs inversus totalis is a condition in which all organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities are reversed. Furthermore, primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal genetic disease, may coexist with situs inversus totalis. Reports on Siewert–Kartagener’s syndrome in veterinary medicine are limited. We report a rare case of primary ciliary dyskinesia with Siewert-Kartagener’s syndrome in a dog, concurrently infected with canine distemper virus and type-2 adenovirus. This case highlights that situs inversus totalis can cause primary ciliary dyskinesia, and concurrent infections are possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), therapeutic limitations still exist, including adverse effects and low absorption ratios. This study evaluated the effects of a membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) on the clinical signs of atopic dogs. Thirty client-owned dogs previously diagnosed with cAD were separated into placebo (n = 10) and MFSCE-treated groups (n = 20). The dogs were treated with a cream (MFSCE and placebo) via dermal administration twice daily for 14 days, and the clinical response was recorded on days 0, 7, and 14. The MFSCE-treated group showed significantly decreased severity of pruritus on day 14 compared to that on day 0. In addition, the erythema, pigmentation, skin dryness, and thickness were remarkably decreased in the MFSCE-treated group on day 14 compared to those on day 0 whereas no significant changes were observed in the placebo-treated group. No general clinical signs or adverse effects were observed in this study. These results suggest that MFSCE could be a surrogate treatment option for cAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for further investigation of pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on thoracic radiographs. Thoracic radiographs identified ill-defined soft tissue opacity nodules with small faint mineral opacity. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed that bronchial dilation and bronchial wall thickening in bilateral cranial and accessory lung lobes. Round to ellipsoid mineralized concretions were found embedded in the intrabronchial soft tissue attenuation material. Based on radiography, CT, and cytology, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as having broncholithiasis with chronic bronchitis. This report described the CT diagnosis of broncholithiasis, which has been rarely reported in a cat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous lymphoma is rare in cats. An 11-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented with crust, ulceration, and multiple nodules on the shoulder and forelimb for 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse, irregularly margined lesion in the dorsal cutis extending from cervical to thoracic vertebrae. Cytological evaluation predominantly revealed large round cells with multilobulated nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. Histopathological examination confirmed round CD3+/PAX5- cells packed in the dermis. Thus, the diagnosis of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with a diffuse large T-cell type was made. The disease progressed rapidly for the next 2 weeks, and the owner elected humane euthanasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-CO2 batteries (LCBs) have emerged as promising solutions for energy storage, with the added benefit of contributing to carbon neutrality by capturing and utilizing CO2 during operation. In this study, a high-performance LCB was developed using a Ge-doped LiAlGeTi (PO4)3 (LAGTP) solid electrolyte, which was synthesized via a solution-based method by doping Ge into NASICON-type LATP. The ionic conductivity of the LAGTP pellets was measured as 1.04 × 10−3 S/cm at 25 °C. The LCB utilizing LAGTP and an MWCNT/Ru cathode maintained a stable cycling performance over 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g, with a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh/g. Post-cycle analysis confirmed the reversible electrochemical reactions at the cathode. The integration of LAGTP as a solid electrolyte effectively enhanced the ionic conductivity and improved the cycle life and performance of the LCB. This study highlights the potential of Ge-doped NASICON-type solid electrolytes for advanced energy-storage technologies and offers a pathway for developing sustainable and high-performance LCBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "2024 ACVIM Forum Research Abstract Program" is a document that provides an index of research abstracts presented at the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Forum. The abstracts cover a wide range of topics in veterinary medicine, including cardiology, equine health, gastroenterology, hematology, hepatology, immunology, infectious disease, nephrology/urology, neurology, kidney disease, feline chronic kidney disease, urinary tract health, and cancer treatment in dogs. It is important to note that the abstracts are not peer-reviewed and the opinions expressed in them are those of the authors and may not represent the views of the ACVIM. The document serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field, providing insights into ongoing research studies. However, further research is needed to confirm and expand upon the findings presented in these abstracts. [Extracted from the article]

The development of a non-invasive method to analyze cytokine expression in the skin will provide further understanding of inflammatory skin disorders. This study aimed to evaluate cytokine expression in the skin through cerumen swabbing in dogs with otitis externa (OE) and to investigate whether increased cytokine expression in infected OE reflects the inflammatory status of the ear canal. Three groups consisting of control dogs (n = 24), dogs with ceruminous Malassezia OE (n = 25), and dogs with suppurative bacterial OE (n = 15) were included in the study. The concentrations of keratinocyte-derived cytokines including Interleukin (IL)-8/chemokine ligand (CXCL)8, IL-10, IL-6, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1ß in the cerumen of the ear canal of the included patients were analyzed using commercial ELISA kits. Additionally, correlations between cytokine levels and cytology scores (of Malassezia yeasts, cocci/rod-shaped bacteria, and inflammatory cells) were assessed. IL-8/CXCL8 concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with ceruminous Malassezia OE and dogs with suppurative bacterial OE than in control dogs. Furthermore, IL-8/ CXCL8 concentrations positively correlated with Malassezia scores in dogs with ceruminous OE (r = 0.630) and with bacterial scores in dogs with suppurative OE (r = 0.601). In addition, increased expression of IL-6 and IL-1ß were detected in dogs with suppurative bacterial OE compared to those with Malassezia OE and control dogs, and showed positive correlation with inflammatory cell scores IL-6 r = 0.520, IL-1ß; r = 0.680). Therefore, keratinocyte-derived cytokines could be evaluated using non-invasive methods such as cerumen swabbing in dogs with OE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study evaluated the physiological uptake range of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) in the normal ovaries of seven dogs using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Materials and methods: The dogs were subjected to general anesthesia and were positioned in ventral recumbency for PET/CT scans. The dosage of 18F-FDG ranged from 0.14 to 0.17 mCi/kg and was administered intravenously followed by 0.9% NaCl flushing; PET/CT images of each dog were obtained precisely 60 min after the injection of 18F-FDG. The regions of interest were drawn manually, and standardized uptake values (SUV) were calculated to evaluate the 18F-FDG uptake in each ovary. The maximum and mean SUVs (SUV max and SUV mean) for all the ovaries of the dogs were then computed. Results: The range of SUV max and SUV mean of the normal ovaries of the dogs were 1.28-1.62 and 1.07-1.31 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the normal 18F-FDG uptake baseline data of normal canine ovaries using PET/CT scans. These data will help clinicians in identifying malignant tumors before anatomical changes in the ovary through PET/CT scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document contains a collection of abstracts summarizing various research studies related to veterinary medicine, specifically focusing on gastrointestinal health in dogs. The studies cover a range of topics including the effects of different diets on gut health, the use of biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring diseases, and the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation. The findings provide valuable insights into the understanding and management of gastrointestinal diseases in companion animals, which can be useful for researchers and pet owners interested in these topics. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The association of gut microbiota with cancer etiology and prognosis has been demonstrated in humans and rodents but has not been studied in dogs with different types of tumors. Hypothesis/Objectives: To analyze microbiome composition according to tumor progression based on metastasis, recurrence, and therapeutic response in canine tumors. Animals: Thirty‐two client‐owned dogs were divided into 3 groups: healthy (n = 9), with lymphoma (n = 12), with nonlymphoid tumors (n = 11). Methods: Retrospective case series included animals were divided into subgroups according to the nature and severity of their tumors. Feces were screened for the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Overall, alpha diversity was significantly reduced in dogs with tumors (n = 23; 12 lymphoid and 11 nonlymphoid) compared to healthy dogs (n = 9). Bacteroides had lower abundance in canine tumors at genus level. Staphylococcus showed significantly reduced abundance in dogs with aggressive tumor progression. Higher white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts and lower hematocrit were significant in dogs with aggressive tumor. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis revealed several measurements that showed moderate to strong correlations, including Coprococcus with total WBC count, neutrophil count, and hematocrit in the aggressive tumor group, and Saccharimonas with serum albumin and sodium concentration in all tumor dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly reduced in dogs with tumors compared to healthy dogs. Correlations were found between changes in blood measurements and changes in microbiome composition in relation to paraneoplastic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The scientific literature regarding Mott cell differentiation in canine lymphoma is scarce. Mott cells are defective in immunoglobulin secretion and are derived from plasma cells, and lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. Lymphoma can be divided into B- or T-cell according to their origin. Whether the origin of lymphoma is B- or T-cell can be confirmed by PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement or flow cytometry assay. However, the phenomenon in which B- and T-cells are simultaneously identified in PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry is called cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity, respectively, and is known to be occasionally found in canine lymphoma. These phenomena have not been reported in canine lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. This study is the first report of Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma with cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity. This study describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this unknown type of cancer in a 4-year-old female mongrel dog. Lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. A 4-year-old female mongrel dog presented with solitary lymph node enlargement. Significant right prescapular lymphadenopathy and abdominal enlargement were observed during physical examination. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis, and a peripheral blood smear revealed lymphoblastosis and Mott cells. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right prescapular lymph node revealed a predominant population of lymphoblasts and Mott cells. Based on the FNAC and blood smear results, the patient was diagnosed with leukemic state multicentric B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. Subsequent PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry revealed that the patient exhibited cross-lineage rearrangement (CLRA) and lineage infidelity (LI), respectively. CHOP-based chemotherapy was initiated, however, the patient's disease was progressive. The patient died three months after the initial presentation. Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma (MCL) has rarely been reported in the veterinary literature and seems to show an unusual clinical course. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of MCL with CLRA and LI exist. We report the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MCL with CLRA and LI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukaemia cutis (LC) is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes into the skin, characterised by haemorrhagic papules, nodules, and plaques. LC has been reported in human leukaemia patients, but it is extremely rare in dogs. A 13‐year‐old spayed female Golden Retriever that was previously diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was managed with chlorambucil (20 mg/m2 orally, every 2 weeks) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg orally, every other day) for 8 months; however, immunosuppression was temporarily discontinued because of a bacterial urinary tract infection. Cutaneous signs, including multifocal ecchymosis and white plaques, appeared 1 month after cessation of chemotherapy. Histopathological examination revealed small‐ to intermediate‐sized lymphocytes with mild atypia in a perivascular to interstitial pattern within the superficial dermis. The bands of atypical cells within the superficial dermis were strongly and extensively positive for CD3 on immunohistochemistry. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the biopsied skin revealed clonal rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor gamma locus gene. Given the evidence of clinical signs, peripheral immunophenotyping, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonal gene arrangement, LC was diagnosed. The lesions disappeared when chemotherapy was restarted but were occasionally observed when chemotherapy was stopped. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first case report of LC in a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]