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Abstract Venous thromboembolism, which includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is the third most common vascular disease in the world and seriously threatens the lives of patients. Currently, the effect of conventional treatments on DVT is limited. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the resolution and recanalization of DVT, but an unfavorable microenvironment reduces EPC function. Non-coding RNAs, especially long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, play a crucial role in improving the biological function of EPCs. Non-coding RNAs have become clinical biomarkers of diseases and are expected to serve as new targets for disease intervention. A theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new methods for preventing and treating DVT in the clinic will be provided by studies on the role and molecular mechanism of non-coding RNAs regulating EPC function in the occurrence and development of DVT. To summarize, the characteristics of venous thrombosis, the regulatory role of EPCs in venous thrombosis, and the effect of non-coding RNAs regulating EPCs on venous thrombosis are reviewed. This summary serves as a useful reference and theoretical basis for research into the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of venous thrombosis.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) can result in severe losses to crop production and economies. Virgibacillus dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493, a deep-sea bacterium, has demonstrated potent antagonistic effects against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. However, the control efficacy under greenhouse and field conditions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the nematicidal effect of MCCC 1A00493 fermentation liquid and its synergism with black soldier fly (BSF) larval frass organic fertilizer both in greenhouse and field experiments. MCCC 1A00493 fermentation liquid demonstrated a significant control efficacy on RKNs both in greenhouse and field experiments, with the highest control efficacy reaching 68.97 % and 74.87 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of MCCC 1A00493 and BSF larvae frass organic fertilizer was investigated by adding 10 % suspension (1 × 109 CFU/mL) of MCCC 1A00493 into 71.51 kg of chicken manure organic fertilizer produced by co-conversion of BSF larvae and Bacillus subtilis BSF-CL. It was noted that MCCC 1A00493 microbial organic fertilizer reduced disease incidence of RKNs significantly both in greenhouse and field experiments, with the root gall index decreasing by 51.75 % and 63.22 %, respectively. MCCC 1A00493 fermentation liquid and microbial organic fertilizer demonstrated a control efficacy on RKNs exceeded commercial nematicide avermectin and commercial bio-organic fertilizer, respectively. In addition, MCCC 1A00493 fermentation liquid and microbial organic fertilizer had positive effects on the growth of tomato plants. These findings confirmed that V.dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493 as a biological control agent and microbial organic fertilizer have significant effect on RKNs and can be used as potential biocontrol preparations.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause huge yield losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Meanwhile, livestock manure is often improperly managed by farmers, which leads to serious environmental pollution. To resolve these two problems, this study developed a procedure for the conversion of chicken manure to organic fertilizer by larvae of Hermetia illucens L. and Bacillus subtilis BSF-CL. Chicken manure organic fertilizer was then mixed thoroughly with Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 to a final concentration of 1.5×108 CFU g−1. The efficacy of KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematodes was evaluated in pot and field experiments. In pot experiments, applying KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer either as a base fertilizer or as a fumigant at the dose of 40 g/pot suppressed root-knot disease by 61.76 and 69.05% compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively. When applied as a fumigant at the dose of 1 kg m−2 in field experiments, KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of tomato plants, suppressed root-knot disease by 49.97%, and reduced second stage juveniles of RKN in soil by 88.68%. KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer controlled RKNs better than commercial bio-organic fertilizer in both pot and field experiments. These results demonstrate that this co-conversion process efficiently transforms chicken manure into high value-added larvae biomass and KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer with potential application as a novel nematode control agent.

ABSTRACT Nematodes feed mainly on bacteria and sense volatile signals through their chemosensory system to distinguish food from pathogens. Although nematodes recognizing bacteria by volatile metabolites are ubiquitous, little is known of the associated molecular mechanism. Here, we show that the antinematode bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 exhibits an attractive effect on Caenorhabditis elegans via volatile metabolites, of which furfural acetone (FAc) acts as a broad-spectrum nematode attractant. We show that the attractive response toward FAc requires both the G-protein-coupled receptors STR-2 in AWC neurons and SRA-13 in AWA and AWC neurons. In the downstream olfactory signaling cascades, both the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel are necessary for FAc sensation. These results indicate that multiple receptors and subsequent signaling cascades contribute to the attractive response of C. elegans to FAc, and FAc is the first reported ligand of SRA-13. Our current work discovers that P. polymyxa KM2501-1 exhibits an attractive effect on nematodes by secreting volatile metabolites, especially FAc and 2-heptanone, broadening our understanding of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and nematodes. IMPORTANCE Nematodes feed on nontoxic bacteria as a food resource and avoid toxic bacteria; they distinguish them through their volatile metabolites. However, the mechanism of how nematodes recognize bacteria by volatile metabolites is not fully understood. Here, the antinematode bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 is found to exhibit an attractive effect on Caenorhabditis elegans via volatile metabolites, including FAc. We further reveal that the attractive response of C. elegans toward FAc requires multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and downstream olfactory signaling cascades in AWA and AWC neurons. This study highlights the important role of volatile metabolites in the interaction between nematodes and bacteria and confirms that multiple G-protein-coupled receptors on different olfactory neurons of C. elegans can jointly sense bacterial volatile signals.

Microseismic event back-azimuth is an indispensable parameter for source localization in downhole microseismic monitoring, and the accurate orientation of horizontal components of downhole seismic receivers is vital for reliably determining the event back-azimuth. Variation in the monitoring data quality may jeopardize the accuracy of receiver orientation which will further affect the event back-azimuth estimation. To mitigate this issue, we proposed a new probabilistic method based on P-wave polarization analysis for receiver orientation and event back-azimuth estimation. The algorithm constructs the von Mises distribution function using the polarization angle and corresponding rectilinearity of the P-wave, then determines the target angle using the maximum of the probability function. The receiver having the highest rectilinearity from the active-source event is used to quantify a reliable absolute orientation angle, and the relative orientation angles are calculated by the probability distributions based on the measurement angle differences and the associated averages of rectilinearity from all events. After receiver orientation, the P-wave polarization angles with different rectilinearity values are applied to construct the probability distribution functions to estimate the event back-azimuths. By using high-quality events and multi-receiver recordings, our methodology can greatly reduce the unintentional error in receiver orientation and increase event back-azimuth accuracy. We investigate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method using both synthetic and field data. The synthetic data results demonstrate that, compared to the conventional methods, the proposed method can minimize the variance of the receiver orientation angle and back-azimuth estimation. The weighted standard deviation analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can reduce the orientation error and improve the event back-azimuth accuracy in the field dataset.

Vegetation is essential for maintaining urban ecosystems, climate regulation, and resident health. To explore the variations in city-level vegetation greening (VG) and its relationship to urban expansion, VG in 439 Chinese cities was extracted using the Theil–Sen and Mann–Kendall algorithms based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer EVI (enhanced vegetation index) data from 2001 to 2020. The spatial variations in VG and its patterns, as well as its relationship with urban expansion, were then analyzed. The following results were obtained: (1) cities with larger greening areas were primarily located in the central and eastern provinces of China, followed by the southeastern, southwestern, and western provinces. The 48 cities with the largest greening areas accounted for 60.47% of the total greening area. (2) VG patches in northern China exhibited better integrity. (3) The centralization trend of VG was evident; the location of VG patterns was influenced by the form of urban expansion. (4) The intensity of artificial impervious area expansion had a weak negative correlation with the VG. Therefore, we must enhance vegetation in new urban areas to improve the spatial balance of VG. The present results of this study can provide a foundation for developing effective policies for the construction and management of urban greenery projects.

Various populations of cells are recruited to the heart after cardiac injury, but little is known about whether cardiomyocytes directly regulate heart repair. Using a murine model of ischemic cardiac injury, we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes play a pivotal role in heart repair by regulating nucleotide metabolism and fates of nonmyocytes. Cardiac injury induced the expression of the ectonucleotidase ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which hydrolyzes extracellular ATP to form AMP. In response to AMP, cardiomyocytes released adenine and specific ribonucleosides that disrupted pyrimidine biosynthesis at the orotidine monophosphate (OMP) synthesis step and induced genotoxic stress and p53-mediated cell death of cycling nonmyocytes. As nonmyocytes are critical for heart repair, we showed that rescue of pyrimidine biosynthesis by administration of uridine or by genetic targeting of the ENPP1/AMP pathway enhanced repair after cardiac injury. We identified ENPP1 inhibitors using small molecule screening and showed that systemic administration of an ENPP1 inhibitor after heart injury rescued pyrimidine biosynthesis in nonmyocyte cells and augmented cardiac repair and postinfarct heart function. These observations demonstrate that the cardiac muscle cell regulates pyrimidine metabolism in nonmuscle cells by releasing adenine and specific nucleosides after heart injury and provide insight into how intercellular regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis can be targeted and monitored for augmenting tissue repair.

To overcome the problems of long production cycle and high cost in the product manufacturing process, a P2P (platform to platform) cloud manufacturing method based on a personalized custom business model has been proposed in this paper by integrating different technologies such as deep learning and additive manufacturing (AM). This paper focuses on the manufacturing process from a photo containing an entity to the production of that entity. Essentially, this is an object-to-object fabrication. Moreover, based on the YOLOv4 algorithm and DVR technology, an object detection extractor and a 3D data generator are constructed, and a case study is carried out for a 3D printing service scenario. The case study selects online sofa photos and real car photos. The recognition rates of sofa and car were 59% and 100%, respectively. Retrograde conversion from 2D data to 3D data takes approximately 60 s. We also carry out personalized transformation design on the generated sofa digital 3D model. The results show that the proposed method has been validated, and three unindividualized models and one individualized design model have been manufactured, and the original shape is basically maintained.

China’s urbanization process is accompanied by land use and cover change (LUCC), influencing variations of air pollutants at multiple spatial scales. Monitoring the spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants and their relationship with land cover (LC) is vital for understanding the mechanisms of land-air interaction and guiding environmental management. In this study, both statistical and geo-statistical analysis is used to investigate the relationship between spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants and LC composition in the vicinity of China’s three major urban agglomerations (UAs), including Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ), Yangtze River Delta Region (YRD), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). Results show that the spatial variations of six criteria air pollutants intra-region are large, even greater than inter-region and inter-season differences. Partial correlation analysis shows that although the impervious surface is the main driving force in elevating air pollution on a local scale, cropland is more important in elevating air pollutant levels at a regional scale. Besides that, the relationship between air pollutant levels and LC demonstrates varied seasonal and regional characteristics for different air pollutants. Our analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between air pollutant levels and LC composition, emphasizing the impact of LC at different spatial scales.

Furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising alternative to currently available nematicides, and it exhibits equivalent control efficiency on root-knot nematodes with avermectin in fields. However, its effect on the reproduction of root-knot nematode is poorly understood. In this study, the natural metabolite FAc was found to exhibit reproductive toxicity on Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. The number of germ cells of C. elegans was observed to decrease after exposure to FAc, with a reduction of 59.9% at a dose of 200 mg/L. FAc in various concentrations induced the germ-cell apoptosis of C. elegans, with an increase over six-fold in the number of apoptotic germ cells at 200 mg/L. These findings suggested that FAc decreased the brood size of nematode by inducing germ-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FAc-induced germ-cell apoptosis was suppressed by the mutation of gene hus-1, clk-2, cep-1, egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, or ced-9. The expression of genes spo-11, cep-1, and egl-1 in C. elegans was increased significantly after FAc treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that nematode exposure to FAc might inflict DNA damage through protein SPO-11, activate CEP-1 and EGL-1, and induce the core apoptosis pathway to cause germ-cell apoptosis, resulting in decreased brood size of C. elegans.

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause severe losses to crop production and economies all over the world. Bacillus aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966, a deep-sea bacterium, was obtained from the Southwest Indian Ocean and showed nematicidal and fumigant activities against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. The nematicidal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the fermentation broth of B. aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966 were investigated further using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four VOCs, namely, pentane, 1-butanol, methyl thioacetate, and dimethyl disulfide, were identified in the fermentation broth. Among these VOCs, methyl thioacetate exhibited multiple nematicidal activities, including contact nematicidal, fumigant, and repellent activities against M. incognita. Methyl thioacetate showed a significant contact nematicidal activity with 87.90% mortality at 0.01 mg/mL by 72 h, fumigant activity in mortality 91.10% at 1 mg/mL by 48 h, and repellent activity at 0.01–10 mg/mL. In addition, methyl thioacetate exhibited 80–100% egg-hatching inhibition on the 7th day over the range of 0.5 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL. These results showed that methyl thioacetate from MCCC 1K02966 control M. incognita with multiple nematicidal modes and can be used as a potential biological control agent.

Abstract Background Existing evidence concerning the relationship between daytime napping and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent, and whether the effects of napping differ by body fat percentage (BFP) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping frequency and T2D risk and whether such an association was modified by BFP and CRP. Methods We included 435 342 participants free of diabetes from the UK Biobank. Participants were categorized as nonnappers, occasional nappers, and frequent nappers based on napping frequency, and BFP/CRP was divided into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results During a median follow‐up of 9.2 years, 17 592 T2D cases occurred. Higher frequency of daytime napping was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D. Compared with nonnappers, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for occasional nappers and habitual nappers were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.41–1.57), respectively. There was a significant additive and multiplicative interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.490, 95% CI 0.307–0.673; p for multiplicative interaction

The assessment of fatigue is a crucial concern in welded components and structures. This study investigates the fatigue properties and models for predicting fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy when processed by vacuum brazing with TiCuNi filler. Fatigue properties and the impact of the stress ratio were determined through constant amplitude fatigue tests. By utilizing the results obtained from variable amplitude fatigue tests, various prediction models for fatigue crack growth were examined: modifications for load interaction, residual stress, and crack closure. The results indicate that the microstructures in the brazed zone consist of numerous fine, elongated needle-like Widmanstätten structures. In terms of cycle counting methods, the rainflow method outperforms the simple-range method. In the stable crack growth rate region, fatigue crack growth rate increases with the rise in stress ratio in a manner similar to high-strength steels. The Paris model without any modification obtains good predictions. For models modified with crack closure, the Elber model yields slightly better prediction results than the Schijve model. Among fatigue crack growth prediction models, the Willenborg model with residual stress modification produces the best results. Fracture surfaces within fatigued specimens’ brazed zones exhibit ductile failure characteristics, where fatigue striations and secondary cracks were observed.

In this study, the optimal parameters of the vacuum brazing titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with TiCuNi filler (30 μm-thick metal foil) were investigated by the Taguchi method. The microstructures, microhardness, and fractographs of the titanium brazed joints produced by these optimal parameters were also analyzed. The results of this study demonstrate that for the best tensile strength, the optimal combination of process parameters is: 890 °C soaking temperature, 60 min soaking time, 975 °C brazing temperature, and 45 min brazing time. The tensile strength obtained by welding with the optimal parameters was found to be 1265 MPa. A small error of 0.24% between experimental and predicted values confirmed the validity of the combined optimized parameters. Finally, from the means of variance analysis (ANOVA), out of the four factors, the highest contribution to the optimal parameters was found to be the brazing time, accounting for 47.3%. The base material of vacuum brazing (VB) weldment is mainly composed of white granular α titanium, slender β titanium, and layered structures that are interlaced by α and β. The weld bead, composed of Ti-15Cu-15Ni, contains many slender needle-shaped Widmanstätten structures. This structure is associated with higher strength and lower ductility. The weld bead hardness of the vacuum brazed parts is higher than that of laser beam weldment and gas tungsten arc weldment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the Taguchi method for obtaining the optimal process parameters of titanium vacuum brazed joints.

Queen bee larva (QBL) is one kind of important edible insect that is harvested during royal jelly production process. QBL has many physiological functions; however, limited information is available regarding its antiaging effects. In this study, the antiaging function of freeze-dried QBL powder (QBLP) was investigated by combining the Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) model and transcriptomics. The administration of QBLP to C. elegans was shown to improve lifespan parameters. Additionally, QBLP improved the mobility of nematodes. Transcriptome analysis showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms that were almost all related to the biological functions of cell metabolism and stress, which are associated with lifespan. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that the lifespan of C. elegans was related to the longevity regulating pathway-worm. The expression levels of the key genes sod-3 , gst-6 , hsp-12.6 , lips-7 , ins-8 , and lips-17 were upregulated. sod-3 , hsp-12.6 , lips-7 , and lips-17 are downstream targets of DAF-16, which is an important transcription factor related to lifespan extension. CF1038 ( daf-16(mu86) ) supplemented with QBLP did not show a life-prolonging. This indicates that the antiaging function of QBLP is closely related to daf-16 . Thus, QBLP is a component that could potentially be used as a functional material to ameliorate aging and aging-related symptoms.