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Nel Medioevo si credeva davvero che la Terra fosse piatta? Violaine Giacomotto-Charra e Sylvie Nony tracciano la storia di questo luogo comune e cercano di comprenderne la genesi. A partire dalle fonti antiche, questo libro rigoroso e vivace esplora la storia della scienza e del sapere durante il Medioevo e il Rinascimento e si concentra sulla genealogia del mito della Terra piatta per capire perché persista nonostante le evidenze scientifiche contrarie. Una riflessione, non priva di umorismo, su come le idee errate possono resistere nel tempo e sul modo in cui le credenze si diffondono nella società.

New Diplomatic History has turned into one of the most dynamic and innovative areas of research – especially with regard to early modern history. It has shown that diplomacy was not as homogenous as previously thought. On the contrary, it was shaped by a multitude of actors, practices and places. The handbook aims to characterise these different manifestations of diplomacy and to contextualise them within ongoing scientific debates. It brings together scholars from different disciplines and historiographical traditions.The handbook deliberately focuses on European diplomacy – although non-European areas are taken into account for future research – in order to limit the framework and ensure precise definitions of diplomacy and its manifestations. This must be the prerequisite for potential future global historical perspectives including both the non-European and the European world.

Este manual aborda o período histórico conhecido como Época Moderna, quando as diferentes regiões do globo entraram em contato e em conflito. Buscando superar a narrativa de uma modernidade singular, europeia e ocidental, os capítulos apresentam os múltiplos agentes históricos atuantes do século XV ao XVIII, das mulheres indígenas da América até as sociedades islâmicas, passando pelas comunidades camponesas europeias. Sem deixar de abordar temas clássicos do período, do Renascimento à Revolução Francesa, esta obra revela que a Época Moderna não é o produto de uma, mas de várias modernidades.

This book offers fresh perspectives on the history of biopolitics and the connection between this and the technology of sovereign power, which disregards or eliminates life.By analyzing Jean Bodin's political thought, which acts as a prime example of early modern biopolitics and proves that the two technologies can coexist while maintaining their conceptual distinction, the author combines Foucauldian genealogy with political theory and intellectual history to argue that Michel Foucault is mistaken in presuming that biopolitics is an explicitly modern occurrence. The book examines Bodin's work on areas such as populationism; censors; climates, humors, and temperaments; and witch hunts.This pioneering book is the first English-language volume to focus on the biopolitical aspects of Bodin's work, with a Foucauldian reading of his political thought. It will appeal to students and scholars of political theory, sovereignty, and governance.

Acredito que produzir análises, na via do domínio dos estudos enunciativos, nos possibilita compreender a designação de enunciados, expressões linguísticas, por exemplo, construção da igreja matriz, como sentidos constituídos no/do centro histórico do Município de Cáceres – MT, na relação língua-sujeito-história constitutiva da identidade cacerense-mato-grossense, que significa no espaço político de textualidade das plantas, em que a designação dos nomes que a integram significa pelo processo de múltiplas temporalidades, ou seja, pelas temporalidades que perpassam os sentidos de diferentes governos, como: Colonial (1530 – 1822), Primeira República (1889 – 1930), também conhecida como Antiga República ou República Velha, da instalação do Governo Provisório até a Nova República, que se estende aos dias atuais. O interesse deste estudo é tomar um conjunto de textos, em específico, os que chamamos de plantas-textos, que se constituem na relação com elementos visuais e geométricos, assim, a partir da relação deles com memoriais escritos (documentos diversos), como Ata de Fundação, Termo de Fundação, plantas e mapas, que acabam estabelecendo relações no tocante à questão da história. Nessa relação, busca-se, pelo estudo da planta, sondar e analisar as designações de elementos linguísticos e não linguísticos que se cruzam no funcionamento de linguagem integrados aos textos.

Bringing together an international group of literary scholars, intellectual historians, and cultural historians, this book discusses history in its various forms, either as texts or images in the early modern period (1500–1800).Early Modern Genres of History explores different genres and representational modes regarded as history before history became a scientific discipline during the nineteenth century. It does not seek to show how the modern discipline of history as an academic study developed, but rather to examine the ways in which historical texts and images became part of a wider field of early modern knowledge formations. This volume demonstrates how history was connected to the developments in the public sphere, how antiquarian historians used genres in their work, how history evolved and functioned in the visual field, and how historical genres travelled across different contexts. Overall, Early Modern Genres of History reveals how the diversity of historical representations in the early modern period has contributed to the broader foundations of history as it is understood in the twenty-first century.This volume is of great use to upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in early modern Europe and the history of knowledge across both the history and literature disciplines.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

Le XVIIe apparaît comme le moment où se seraient définies, dans un même mouvement, les frontières externes et internes de la littérature et de l'État Nation. Les critiques de la notion de classicisme et les nouvelles approches de l'histoire littéraire et politique ont cependant mis en lumière le caractère mouvant, brouillé et essentiellement polémique de ces frontières. Ce sont les usages littéraires, artistiques, historiques et politiques de la frontière, comme ligne de front, limite de territoires et de pouvoirs, et/ou zone d'échanges, de négociations et de transgressions qu'interrogent ces études - transdisciplinaires, puisque les frontières, réelles ou fictionnelles, voire mythiques, sont géographiques, sociales, linguistiques, politiques, génériques, mais se tracent aussi entre la littérature et ce qui n'en relève (relèverait) pas, entre laic et religieux, entre privé et public...

Leonardo's Fables explores the compositional methods and sources of Leonardo's fables and their relationship to illustrations and scientific studies. By concentrating on the chaotic character of Leonardo's textual and visual annotations, the author gradually discloses the artist's creative thinking that uses the page as a space for experimentation. Fables allow Leonardo to tie together his technical and artistic skills, empirical observation, and experience to reveal the interactive forces at the basis of physical phenomena and the tensions between painting and humanistic culture. This study reevaluates Leonardo's fables as part of a literary, aesthetic, and scientific project aimed at the investigation of Nature.

A reframing of how scientific knowledge was produced in the early modern world.Winner of the Phyllis Goodhart Gordan Book Prize by the Renaissance Society of America, Shortlisted for the Pfizer Award by the History of Science SocietyMany accounts of the scientific revolution portray it as a time when scientists disciplined knowledge by first disciplining their own behavior. According to these views, scientists such as Francis Bacon produced certain knowledge by pacifying their emotions and concentrating on method. In The Interlopers, Vera Keller rejects this emphasis on discipline and instead argues that what distinguished early modernity was a navigation away from restraint and toward the violent blending of knowledge from across society and around the globe.Keller follows early seventeenth-century English'projectors'as they traversed the world, pursuing outrageous entrepreneurial schemes along the way. These interlopers were developing a different culture of knowledge, one that aimed to take advantage of the disorder created by the rise of science and technological advances. They sought to deploy the first submarine in the Indian Ocean, raise silkworms in Virginia, and establish the English slave trade. These projectors developed a culture of extreme risk-taking, uniting global capitalism with martial values of violent conquest. They saw the world as a riskscape of empty spaces, disposable people, and unlimited resources.By analyzing the disasters—as well as a few successes—of the interlopers she studies, Keller offers a new interpretation of the nature of early modern knowledge itself. While many influential accounts of the period characterize European modernity as a disciplining or civilizing process, The Interlopers argues that early modernity instead entailed a great undisciplining that entangled capitalism, colonialism, and science.

Drawing on rich archival research and focusing on works by leading artists including Guido Reni and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Karen J. Lloyd demonstrates that cardinal nephews in seventeenth-century Rome – those nephews who were raised to the cardinalate as princes of the Church – used the arts to cultivate more than splendid social status.Through politically savvy frescos and emotionally evocative displays of paintings, sculptures, and curiosities, cardinal nephews aimed to define nepotism as good Catholic rule. Their commissions took advantage of their unique position close to the pope, embedding the defense of their role into the physical fabric of authority, from the storied vaults of the Vatican Palace to the sensuous garden villas that fused business and pleasure in the Eternal City. This book uncovers how cardinal nephews crafted a seductively potent dialogue on the nature of power, fuelling the development of innovative visual forms that championed themselves as the indispensable heart of papal politics.The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, early modern studies, religious history, and political history.

This volume sheds light on the social and cultural transformations that accompanied the Covid-19 crisis by looking at health and biopolitics from a philosophical and literary perspective. The biopolitical measures taken globally in response to the crisis have led to previously unheard-of restrictions in liberal societies, resulting in deep and potentially lasting transformations both in social structures and interpersonal relationships. Many researchers have addressed the Covid-19 crisis as a political or epidemiological challenge, but few have paid sufficient attention to the culturally specific reactions and cultural representations of the human beings at the centre of events. Literary analyses capture this human component and give insights into different reactions to, and protests against, the health-political measures addressing the crisis. This book puts the notion of biopolitics, first extensively theorised in the 1970s, to work in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and uses literary case studies as starting points for discussions of contemporary politics, media, and legal and surveillance regimes. It brings together eleven scholars from six countries with the shared aim of combining literary and philosophical expertise to create a better understanding of the changes in society and political attitudes induced by the ongoing pandemic.

Qu'est-ce que le renseignement? En quoi diffère-t-il de l'espionnage? Qui prend les décisions dans les services secrets? Comment sont menées les opérations spéciales? L'étude du renseignement permet d'aborder ces questions et de s'interroger sur les modalités de son contrôle et de son influence sur la politique étrangère des États.Cette nouvelle édition est enrichie d'un chapitre dédié aux transformations de l'information et au cyber et d'études de cas portant sur des thématiques actuelles : renseignement des entités non étatiques, services secrets américains sous la présidence Trump, droit du renseignement en France, etc.Une introduction sans équivalent à un sujet désormais central des études de sécurité.Cet ouvrage a reçu le Grand Prix oeuvre de création-mention essai'2020 de l'Académie du Renseignement.'

Per tutta l'età moderna, lo Stato della Chiesa fu un principato ben radicato nel sistema degli Stati italiani: articolato in un intreccio piuttosto fitto di piccole e medie città, rette a regime patriziale e interessate da processi di trasformazione urbanistica e abbellimento che ne definirono l'identità. Questo libro ripercorre la vicenda della formazione dello Stato, gli anni di massimo fulgore e la successiva progressiva crisi, conseguenza di una struttura economica fragile, della tempesta rivoluzionaria e della impossibile modernizzazione. Con il tramonto del potere temporale si conclude la vicenda dello Stato della Chiesa, lasciando importanti tracce nel tessuto culturale, artistico, urbanistico e religioso di un'ampia area dell'Italia centrale e soprattutto nella città di Roma.

The Florentine traveler, merchant, and academician Filippo Sassetti was one of the premier economic thinkers of the late Renaissance. Well known for his ethnographic observations, Sassetti was also a commercial writer of the highest caliber—at once an original thinker and a remarkable witness to how Europeans even at the margins of empire were beginning to reconceptualize power and wealth.Unique among commercial theorists of the period, Sassetti offers a first-hand perspective on commerce in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. This volume translates (for the first time) the Discourse on Mediterranean Trade and a selection of the principal Indian Letters, with extensive historical notes. These are preceded by a lengthy essay positioning Sassetti as a figure in late Renaissance political economy. It makes the case that Sassetti was an early theorist of what might be termed the pragmatic tradition of free trade—in his case, a project linked to his analysis of commercial institutions in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Provoking an invaluable overview of trade in the Indian Ocean in the late sixteenth century, this volume is an excellent specialist text for postgraduate students and professional historians.

Gives accurate and reliable summaries of the current state of research. It includes entries on philosophers, problems, terms, historical periods, subjects and the cultural context of Renaissance Philosophy. Furthermore, it covers Latin, Arabic, Jewish, Byzantine and vernacular philosophy, and includes entries on the cross-fertilization of these philosophical traditions. A unique feature of this encyclopedia is that it does not aim to define what Renaissance philosophy is, rather simply to cover the philosophy of the period between 1300 and 1650.

Arguing that demographic thought begins not with quantification but in attempts to control the qualities of people, Human Empire traces two transformations spanning the early modern period. First was the emergence of population as an object of governance through a series of engagements in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, Ireland, and colonial North America, influenced by humanist policy, reason of state, and natural philosophy, and culminating in the creation of political arithmetic. Second was the debate during the long eighteenth century over the locus and limits of demographic agency, as church, civil society, and private projects sought to mobilize and manipulate different marginalized and racialized groups – and as American colonists offered their own visions of imperial demography. This innovative, engaging study examines the emergence of population as an object of knowledge and governance and connects the history of demographic ideas with their early modern intellectual, political, and colonial contexts.

Kniha nabízí komentář k Machiavelliho Vladaři, zřejmě nejznámějšímu dílu politické teorie. Výklad seznamuje čtenáře s hlavními idejemi a koncepty Machiavelliho politického myšlení a jejich historickým, ideovým a literárním kontextem. Machiavelli je vylíčen jako představitel estetické politické teorie, která namísto řeči zdůrazňuje roli smyslového vnímání jako předpokladu existence politického společenství. Kromě toho kniha věnuje pozornost Machiavelliho specifickému pojetí sociálního konfliktu a jeho kritice oligarchie. Studie vychází současně s novým překladem Vladaře.

Cet ouvrage est consacré aux travaux anatomiques et aux représentations du corps de Léonard de Vinci. Artistes, anatomistes, historiens, philosophes et ingénieurs, auteurs de renommée nationale et internationale examinent et réfléchissent à ce corps humain, ce corps au travers des âges, ce corps « dans tous ses états ». Ils créent ainsi des passerelles entre la Renaissance et l'époque contemporaine, entre sciences et arts, autour de la connaissance et de la représentation du corps. Ce livre est issu d'un colloque international consacré à Léonard de Vinci, organisé à Brest les 5 et 6 décembre 2019, année de commémoration du cinq-centenaire de sa mort.

Listen to the New Books Network Podcast. The first European map of China faintly relied on the copy of a Chinese original, obtained through bribing and espionage; the last covered in this book was the result of the largest land survey ever made until that time. These two and another 125 maps depict, sometimes uniquely, sometimes copying each other, a country whose images were so different that it was hard to understand which to trust. This study reproduces and describes, for the first time, all the maps of China printed in Europe between 1584 and 1735, unravelling the origin of each individual map, their different printing, issues and publication dates. It also tells, for each, the unique story that made possible these visions from another world, stories marked by scholarly breakthroughs, obsession, missionary zeal, commercial sagacity and greed. For a presentation from the author related to the publication entitled China on Copper Plates: The First 150 Years of Chinese Maps in Western Prints (1584-1735), see: here. A summary: On June 23, 2022, the fourth session of the academic lecture series on'The Weavers of Four-Dimensional Space-Time and Their Creation'on the History of Maps was held in the form of an online seminar at the Kuang-Chi International Scholars Center. Dr. Marco Caboara, an Italian scholar from the Lee Shau Kee Library of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, gave a lively presentation entitled'China on Copperplate - the First 150 Years of Western Printed Maps of China, 1584-1735'. The lecture was conducted in both Chinese and English. Associate Professor Lin Hong from the School of Humanities of Shanghai Normal University served as the moderator and translator. Dr. Yang Xunling, Deputy Director of the Library of Macau University of Science and Technology, served as the main responder. Professor Huang Yijun of Minzu University of China, and Deputy Youth Associate of Fudan University Researcher Ding Yannan, Dr. Catarina Batista and Dr. Ângela Gil from the Library of Macau University of Science and Technology, and Dr. Zheng Man from the Free University of Berlin participated in the discussion. Many domestic and foreign scholars and map enthusiasts listened to the lecture online. The lecture lasted nearly three hours.

This in-depth biography of Italian intellectual Antonio Gramsci casts new light on his life and writing, emphasizing his unflagging spirit, even in the many years he spent in prison. One of the most influential political thinkers of the twentieth century, Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) has left an indelible mark on philosophy and critical theory. His innovative work on history, society, power, and the state has influenced several generations of readers and political activists, and even shaped important developments in postcolonial thought. But Gramsci's thinking is scattered across the thousands of notebook pages he wrote while he was imprisoned by Italy's fascist government from 1926 until shortly before his death. To guide readers through Gramsci's life and works, historian Jean-Yves Frétigné offers To Live Is to Resist, an accessible, compelling, and deeply researched portrait of an extraordinary figure. Throughout the book, Frétigné emphasizes Gramsci's quiet heroism and his unwavering commitment to political practice and resistance. Most powerfully, he shows how Gramsci never surrendered, even in conditions that stripped him of all power—except, of course, the power to think.

Why devote a Companion to the'mirrors for princes', whose very existence is debated? These texts offer key insights into political thoughts of the past. Their ambiguous, problematic status further enhances their interest. And although recent research has fundamentally challenged established views of these texts, until now there has been no critical introduction to the genre. This volume therefore fills this important gap, while promoting a global historical perspective of different “mirrors for princes” traditions from antiquity to humanism, via Byzantium, Persia, Islam, and the medieval West. This Companion also proposes new avenues of reflection on the anchoring of these texts in their historical realities. Contributors are Makram Abbès, Denise Aigle, Olivier Biaggini, Hugo Bizzarri, Charles F. Briggs, Sylvène Edouard, Jean-Philippe Genet, John R. Lenz, Louise Marlow, Cary J. Nederman, Corinne Peneau, Stéphane Péquignot, Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Günter Prinzing, Volker Reinhardt, Hans-Joachim Schmidt, Tom Stevenson, Karl Ubl, and Steven J. Williams.

It is commonly assumed that the creation story of Genesis and its chronology were the only narratives openly available in medieval and early modern Europe and that the discovery of geological time in the eighteenth century came as a momentous breakthrough that shook the faith in the historical accuracy of the Bible. Historians of science, mainstream geologists, and Young Earth creationists alike all share the assumption that the notion of an ancient Earth was highly heterodox in the pre-modern era. The old age of the world is regarded as the offspring of a secularized science. In this book, Ivano Dal Prete radically revises the commonplace history of deep time in Western culture. He argues that the chronology of the Bible always coexisted with alternative approaches that placed the origin of the Earth into a far, undetermined (or even eternal) past. From the late Middle Ages, these notions spread freely not only in universities and among the learned, but even in popular works of meteorology, geology, literature, and art that made them easily accessible to a vernacular and scientifically illiterate public. Religious authorities did not regard these notions as particularly problematic, let alone heretical. Neither the authors nor their numerous readers thought that holding such views was incompatible with their Christian faith. While the appeal of theories centered on the biblical Flood and on a young Earth gained popularity over the course of the seventeenth century, their more secular alternatives remained vital and debated. Enlightenment thinkers, however, created a myth of a Christian tradition that uniformly rejected the antiquity of the world, as opposed to a new secular science ready to welcome it. Largely unchallenged for almost three centuries, that account solidified over time into a still dominant truism. Based on a wealth of mostly unexplored sources, On the Edge of Eternity offers an original and nuanced account of the history of deep time that illuminates the relationship between the history of science and Christianity in the medieval and early modern periods, with lasting implications for Western society.

Machiavelli is chiefly known for The Prince, but his main considerations on politics are found in his later work Discourses on Livy. Despite this book's historical and theoretical importance, its complexity, length and style have often discouraged new readers and interpreters of Machiavelli from engaging with it. For this reason, the Discourses has not been given the attention it deserves. This volume of newly commissioned essays by some of the world's leading Machiavelli experts seeks to remedy this deficiency. It is the first collective volume dedicated specifically to this profound work, covering topics such as Machiavelli's republicanism, the relation between liberty and tyranny, the role of religion, Machiavelli's conception of history, his writing style, his view of society as a plural and conflictive body, his suggestion of how a free state should be organized, and his notions of people and virtù. Contributors: Jérémie Barthas, Thomas Berns, Alessandro Campi, J. Patrick Coby, Marie Gaille, Marco Geuna, Mark Jurdjevic, Cary J. Nederman, Gabriele Pedullà, Diogo Pires Aurélio, Fabio Raimondi, Andre Santos Campos, Miguel Vatter, and Camila Vergara.

Machiavelli's ideas are as important in our time as in his own. His insights and prescriptions help us make sense of today's political upheavals and natural calamities and reduce them to a working order. The chapters in Machiavelli Then and Now explore Machiavelli's central concerns: statecraft and order, liberty and citizenship, diplomacy and leadership, modes of strategization, the quest for empire - all set against the basic contention between autarchy, oligarchy and democracy. They also address the ethical and behaviourial factors behind political practice, such as force, suasion, ambition, corruption and vigilance in public discourse. The contributors consider the role of language, text and the imagination in Machiavelli, and they also bring the Machiavellian discourse closer to our own times, in relation to Gandhi, Gramsci and Althusser. The book will interest historians, political scientists and students of public policy; philosophers, rhetoricians and literary critics; and no less institution builders, diplomats and, administrators.