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Yun-Yu Kuo,1 Jason Chen-Chieh Fang,2 I-Kuan Wang,3 Chiung-Shing Huang,4 Hui-Ling Chen,1,* Tzung-Hai Yen5,* 1Department of Dentistry and Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, 333, Taiwan; 2Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 204, Taiwan; 3Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; 4Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 105, Taiwan; 5Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hui-Ling Chen; Tzung-Hai Yen, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan, Kweishan, 333, Taiwan, Tel +886 3 3281200 ext 7840, Fax +886 3 3282173, Email ma3608@cgmh.org.tw; m19570@cgmh.org.twPurpose: There is an overall paucity of data examining the specific details of orthodontic patients’ patterns or orthodontic service disruptions possibly influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic clinic disruption regarding the change in adult patients’ characteristics and decisions of orthodontic treatment devices.Patients and Methods: A retrospective sample of 311 patients receiving orthodontic treatment from 2018 to 2022 were collected and divided into two groups: before (n = 167) and during (n = 144) the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics, dental indices, the index of complexity outcome and need (ICON), and the degree of treatment difficulty were analyzed.Results: There were fewer students among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (24.5% versus 35.9%, P = 0.036). Compared with patients before the pandemic, more patients selected ceramic brackets or Invisalign during the pandemic (P = 0.022). There were higher percentage of class I dental malocclusions among patients during than before the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.044). Moreover, the ICON score and the score of the degree of treatment difficulty were both significantly lower for patients during than before the COVID-19 pandemic (63.9± 14.0 versus 58.3± 15.3, P=0.001 and 7.4± 2.6 versus 6.8± 2.6, P=0.049, respectively).Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the characteristics and decisions of orthodontic patients. Those who still came to the orthodontic clinic despite the COVID-19 outbreak may have been those with less malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty. Besides, during the time of covid-19 pandemic, more patients chose ceramic bracket and Invisalign as their orthodontic treatment device rather than conventional or self-ligating metal brackets.Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, orthodontic, Invisalign, bracket, dental malocclusion, sagittal skeletal relationship, index of complexity outcome and need, degree of treatment difficulty

Purpose: Allergic rhinitis (AR), which is a major cause of upper airway obstruction, may affect the development of the dental malocclusion. This retrospective study was aimed to investigate association between AR and dental malocclusion in otolaryngologic perspectives. Methods: Patients (n = 217) referred to the otolaryngology department before initiating orthodontic treatment were recruited. The frequency and severity of AR symptoms, sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores, physical examination findings, acoustic rhinometry results, and treatment modalities were retrospectively assessed. Patients with positive skin prick test findings (SPT) (n = 173; orthodontic group) were compared with age- and sex-matched patients being treated for AR (AR group). Results: We found that 76.5% of the enrolled patients had subjective nasal symptoms, and 93.1% patients showed abnormal physical examination findings such as inferior turbinate hypertrophy (82.0%), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (31.8%), or deviated nasal septum (7.4%). The 173 (79.7%) patients with positive SPT results exhibited a significantly higher incidence of rhinorrhoea, sneezing, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy compared to those with negative SPT results. The proportion of patients who underwent pharmacological or surgical treatments was significantly higher among patients with nasal obstruction (92.0%) than among patients without nasal obstruction (36.9%). The frequency and mean visual analogue symptom scores for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, and sneezing, as well as all SNOT-22 domain scores, were significantly higher in the AR group than in the orthodontic group. The minimal cross-sectional area measured with acoustic rhinometry showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Patients with dental malocclusion had a high SPT (+) rate and a high prevalence of structural abnormalities of the upper airway. The early detection and treatment of subclinical AR, other rhinological problems, and structural abnormalities of the upper airway in patients with malocclusion may help us manage malocclusion from an otolaryngologic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: “Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configurations on palmer and plantar surface of hands and feet” This is the basis of comparison of all dental diseases or four dental malocclusion with that of “Dermatoglyphics”. AIM: to find out any correlation among four dental malocclusions with finger prints in the age group of ten to thirteen years old children. MATERIAL AND METODOLOGY: A total of 120 samples were included and divided into different groups based on four Angle’s malocclusion with 30 participants in each. RSULTS: Overall Prevalence of Whorls, Loops & Arches in four group of malocclusion was 95% (total 114 subjects having whorls pattern), 100% (total 120 subjects having loops pattern) & 56.67% (total 68 subjects having arches pattern) respectively CONCLUSION: The loop type of finger print was seen more common and arches type of finger print was seen least common in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: When the upper teeth lingually contact the lower teeth, this is known as a crossbite. Both unilateral and bilateral crossbites are possible. An entire arch of teeth or a single tooth may be misaligned. Numerous solutions have been put forth to address this issue. The upper arch will be expanded during treatment, and the lower arch will also be corrected. It is imperative to address the underlying cause of the crossbite, such as respiratory issues or a habit of sucking. Aim: This study's objective was to determine the number of patients at a dental hospital with crossbites. Materials and methods: The Saveetha Dental College's Digital Information Archiving Software (DIAS) was used to gather the data. The information was gathered between January 2020 and December 2020. Patients who had undergone a clinical evaluation were included in the data. Excel was used to tabulate and enter the data, and the SPSS package software was used to analyse it. Results: 1030 patients out of 10048 had crossbites. 5.6% of cases of posterior crossbite and 4.5% of cases of anterior crossbite were reported. Angles class 1 malocclusion was present in a sizable percentage of crossbite patients (83.01%). It was discovered that 89.4% of patients with single tooth crossbite and 79.5% of those had unilateral crossbite. Conclusion: Within the constraints of the study, we discovered that 10.2% of cases of crossbite were widespread, with posterior crossbite being more common than anterior. In order to ascertain the prevalence of crossbite, study is required because epidemiological data varied according to location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with class 2 skeletal malocclusion in a private dental hospital had skeletal discrepancies. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study, and the dental information archiving software was used to collect all the data from the patients who attended the dental clinics at Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Chennai, India (DIAS). March 2020 through March 2021 saw the collection of patient records. We gathered and tabulated the data. The gathered data underwent additional processing, was entered into Microsoft Excel, and then went through statistical analysis using IBM SPSS statistics analyzer v.23.0. Results: The current study used a total sample size of 88950 patients. Skeletal class 2 malocclusion was seen in 0.01 percent of cases overall. The data in this study was examined for the occurrence of different skeletal inconsistencies. Results were satisfactory and showed that there were skeletal differences. A gender bias was evident, with 50.4 percent of the sample population being female. Mandibular deficit was the most frequent skeletal discrepancy, and class 2 div 1 dental malocclusion was most frequently detected. Conclusion: Mandibular deficit was shown to be the most common skeletal discrepancy within the constraints of the current investigation, and a substantial correlation between the skeletal discrepancies and the gender of the study group was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular continuity defects can result in varying degrees of cosmetic disfigurement. Restoration of form and function may require surgical reconstruction of the affected area. While surgical reconstruction may improve the overall prognostic outcomes for the patient, the definitive prosthetic phase can commence only after a substantial time lag for adequate hard/soft tissue healing. This interim phase often challenges the patient's masticatory ability. The traditional reconstruction of hemimandibulectomy defects has its own limitations. This case report describes the fabrication of a 3D-printed bite splint for a patient with limited mouth opening and significant malocclusion due to surgical over-correction. The prosthesis given served as an appliance to improve the masticatory ability of the patient., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sampat et al.)

Purpose: Allergic rhinitis (AR), which is a major cause of upper airway obstruction, may affect the development of the dental malocclusion. This retrospective study was aimed to investigate association between AR and dental malocclusion in otolaryngologic perspectives. Methods: Patients (n = 217) referred to the otolaryngology department before initiating orthodontic treatment were recruited. The frequency and severity of AR symptoms, sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores, physical examination findings, acoustic rhinometry results, and treatment modalities were retrospectively assessed. Patients with positive skin prick test findings (SPT) (n = 173; orthodontic group) were compared with age- and sex-matched patients being treated for AR (AR group). Results: We found that 76.5% of the enrolled patients had subjective nasal symptoms, and 93.1% patients showed abnormal physical examination findings such as inferior turbinate hypertrophy (82.0%), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (31.8%), or deviated nasal septum (7.4%). The 173 (79.7%) patients with positive SPT results exhibited a significantly higher incidence of rhinorrhoea, sneezing, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy compared to those with negative SPT results. The proportion of patients who underwent pharmacological or surgical treatments was significantly higher among patients with nasal obstruction (92.0%) than among patients without nasal obstruction (36.9%). The frequency and mean visual analogue symptom scores for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, and sneezing, as well as all SNOT-22 domain scores, were significantly higher in the AR group than in the orthodontic group. The minimal cross-sectional area measured with acoustic rhinometry showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Patients with dental malocclusion had a high SPT (+) rate and a high prevalence of structural abnormalities of the upper airway. The early detection and treatment of subclinical AR, other rhinological problems, and structural abnormalities of the upper airway in patients with malocclusion may help us manage malocclusion from an otolaryngologic perspective.

Orthodontists have a variety of options available for retainers. Research in Orthodontics focuses on assessing outcomes important to clinicians; however, there is inconsistency in how these outcomes are selected and evaluated. This review sought to assess the effects of different orthodontic retainers on patients' quality of life (QoL). Various approaches were employed in this systematic review, and a thorough search was conducted across six databases. The review involved a comprehensive evaluation of six included studies, highlighting changes in dental structure post-treatment, emphasizing the role of extraction procedures and the quality of debonding in improving retention. The study identified key outcomes for orthodontic clinical trials, highlighting orthodontists' preferences for specific retainer types. Moreover, it discussed the impact of sociocultural influences on retention care. Involving patients actively in discussions about whether to end or extend the retention phase was deemed essential. Noteworthy improvements in occlusal outcomes were linked to extraction treatments. Gender and malocclusion severity influenced QoL before and after orthodontic treatment. The degree of improvement observed in the Class III malocclusion group was comparatively lower than that in the Class I and Class II groups. Orthodontic treatment was found to yield favorable psychological outcomes, as evidenced by notable enhancements in self-esteem and social engagement among individuals. Fixed appliances were shown to negatively affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), particularly for those with aesthetic and functional concerns. A consensus has been reached on the essential themes and outcomes that should be incorporated in clinical trials related to orthodontic retention for non-cleft and non-surgical cases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Al Shammary et al.)

Malocclusion is a widespread oral health issue that adversely affects individuals' health and well-being. Currently, fixed orthodontics is considered the most efficient treatment for correcting malocclusion, with archwire bending playing a key role in orthodontic treatment. Traditionally, orthodontists manually performed archwire bending using various handheld pliers and other mechanical tools, requiring a significant amount of time, precision, and specialized training yet being unable to guarantee appliance accuracy. The process of shaping orthodontic wire is challenging due to its high stiffness and superelasticity, resulting in a time-consuming, laborious process that is prone to human errors. With advancements in orthodontics, traditional methods have taken a backseat, making way for innovative technologies that provide more accurate and personalized treatment options. The continuous efforts to enhance treatment efficiency, accuracy, efficacy, and patient experience have led to the integration of robotics into various orthodontic procedures. The use of robotics in archwire bending represents a breakthrough in orthodontics, offering unparalleled precision, consistency, and efficiency. This technology reduces treatment time and patient discomfort, overcoming the limitations of manual bending and enhancing orthodontic treatment overall. Hence, the present study aims to review the literature on robotic archwire bending in orthodontics, including their drawbacks and their impact on orthodontic treatment., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, George et al.)

Introduction: The dentoskeletal morphology of various malocclusions has been analyzed in cephalometric studies. It is important to understand the vertical and horizontal components of orthodontic treatment. To provide accurate treatment, an orthodontist needs to understand the facial types of an individual. This study aims to evaluate a correlation between vertical and horizontal components of skeletal and dental malocclusion by assessing cephalometric radiographs of the population of Jazan province., Methods: The cephalometric radiographs of 267 eligible participants were assessed digitally. Fourteen skeletal and dental parameters were used to evaluate the association. Reliability was checked with the intra-class coefficient. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Spearman's rho test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05., Results: Correlations were found between anterior facial height (AFH), posterior facial height (PFH), FH ratio (Jarabak ratio), upper incisor to NA (U1-NA), lower incisor to NB (L1-NB), and upper incisor to the palatal plane (U1/PP). In dental class I, AFH (N-Me) had a strong positive correlation with L1-NB (0.300), U1/PP (0.164), and L1/MP (0.215). In dental class II, AFH negatively correlated with U1-NA (-0.735) and positively correlated with L1-NB (0.292), L1/MP (0.085), and U1-NA. PFH (S-Go) positively correlated with L1-NB (0.525) in class I but negatively correlated in class II. However, a negative relation was observed between all the vertical and horizontal components in class III., Conclusion: This study suggests potential associations between vertical and horizontal components in developing skeletal and dental discrepancies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Awadh et al.)

The relationship between orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) constitutes a subject of paramount significance in dental and craniofacial health. This abstract embarks upon an in-depth examination of the intricate connection between orthodontic practices and TMD, primarily focusing on evaluating the impact of orthodontic treatment modalities on the health and functionality of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This exploration elucidates the multifaceted interplay between orthodontic interventions and TMD by traversing a landscape of scholarly research and empirical investigations. The review draws from a broad spectrum of studies to analyze the potential influence of orthodontic treatments, which encompass occlusal adjustments and alterations in jaw positioning, on the development and management of TMD symptoms. The inquiry delves into the diverse range of TMD conditions, considering the implications of orthodontic techniques on occlusal stability, condylar alignment, and overall TMJ function. Through a comprehensive synthesis of the available body of knowledge, this abstract aspires to equip dental practitioners, orthodontists, and researchers with a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics that govern the relationship between orthodontics and TMD. This knowledge, in turn, offers a foundation for informed clinical decision-making and the formulation of effective treatment strategies for patients presenting with TMD symptoms. By shedding light on the intricate interactions between orthodontic procedures and TMJ health, this abstract contributes to the advancement of clinical practices, promoting improved patient outcomes and well-being in the context of both orthodontics and TMDs., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Aldayel et al.)

Background: Dental malocclusion is an increasingly frequent stomatognathic disorder in children and adolescents nowadays. The purpose of this study was to confirm or deny the correlations between body posture and malocclusion., Methods: In the study, gait, distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and body balance were examined. The research group consisted of 76 patients aged 12-15 years. The research group was obtained from patients attending periodic dental check-ups at Healthcare Center Your Health EL who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were divided into two groups without malocclusion and with malocclusion, using Angle classification, which enabled determination of the anteroposterior relationship of the first molars. The pedobarographic mat was used to analyze the distribution of foot forces on the ground, the diagnostic system Wiva ® Science was used for gait analysis, and Kineod 3D was used for posture analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test used for analysis showed inconsistency with normal distribution for all measurement parameters. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the analysis, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05., Results: Examination of the relationship between stabilometric and gait parameters showed that the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla has an important effect on gait rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Patients diagnosed with malocclusion showed high-speed walking rhythm in comparison to patients with Angle's class I ( p = 0.010). The duration of the whole gait cycle ( p = 0.007) and the duration of right step ( p = 0.027) were prolonged in students without orthodontic disorders compared to the other., Conclusions: The conducted study proved that there is correlation between the presence of a stomatognathic disorder and gait cycle parameters. There is a statistically noticeable correspondence between the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla and walking rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Namely, students who presented malocclusion had a high-speed walking rhythm and decreased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step. On the other hand, students without disorders (Angle's class I) showed low-speed rhythm and increased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step in comparison to Angle's classes II and III.