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Introduction: Mobile health diagnostics have demonstrated effectiveness in detecting and managing chronic diseases. This method comparison study aims to assess the accuracy and precision of the previously evaluated OptiBP™ technology over a four-week study period. This device uses optical signals recorded by placing a patients fingertip on a smartphones camera to estimate blood pressure (BP). Methods: In adult participants without cardiac arrhythmias and minimal interarm blood pressure difference (systolic arterial pressure (SAP) < 15 mmHg or diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) < 10 mmHg), three pairs of 30 s BP measurements with the OptiBP™ (test method) were simultaneously compared using three pairs of measurements with the non-invasive oscillometric brachial cuff (reference method) on the opposite arm over a period of four consecutive weeks at a rate of two measurements per week (one in the morning and one in the afternoon). The agreement of BP values between the two technologies was analyzed using Bland-Altman and error grid analyses. The performance of the smartphone application was investigated using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) definitions, which require the bias ± standard deviation (SD) between two technologies to be lower than 5 ± 8 mmHg. Results: Among the 65 eligible volunteers, 53 participants had adequate OptiBP™ BP values. In 12 patients, no OptiBP™ BP could be measured due to inadequate signals. Only nine participants had known chronic arterial hypertension and 76% of those patients were treated. The mean bias ± SD between both technologies was -1.4 mmHg ± 10.1 mmHg for systolic arterial pressure (SAP), 0.2 mmHg ± 6.5 mmHg for diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and -0.5 mmHg ± 6.9 mmHg for mean arterial pressure (MAP). Error grid analyses indicated that 100% of the pairs of BP measurements were located in zones A (no risk) and B (low risk). Conclusions: In a cohort of volunteers, we observed an acceptable agreement between BP values obtained with the OptiBPTM and those obtained with the reference method over a four-week period. The OptiBPTM fulfills the ISO standards for MAP and DAP (but not SAP). The error grid analyses showed that 100% measurements were located in risk zones A and B. Despite the need for some technological improvements, this application may become an important tool to measure BP in the future.

In this opinion piece, we evaluate two approaches for incorporating paleoscience information into future assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). One approach advocates for a dedicated paleoclimate chapter, while the other supports the continued integration of paleoscience along with other lines of evidence across multiple sections of the report, as done in the most recent assessment cycle. We address the merits and challenges of these two approaches. We argue that paleoscience expertise is most effectively deployed where it leads to integration of paleoscience knowledge and demonstration of its policy relevance, and we suggest opportunities for expanding paleoscience contributions in future IPCC reports, regardless of the approach chosen.

This article is devoted to the presentation of the MAP-IO observation program. This program, launched in early 2021, has enabled the observation of nearly 700 d of measurements over the Indian and Southern Ocean with the equipment of 17 meteorological and oceanographic scientific instruments on board the ship Marion Dufresne. Several observational techniques have been developed to respond to the difficulties of observations on board the ship, in particular for passive remote sensing data, as well as for quasi-autonomous data acquisition and transfer. The first measurements made it possible to draw up unprecedented climatological data of the Southern Ocean regarding the size distribution and optical thickness of aerosols, the concentration of trace gases and greenhouse gases, UV, and integrated water vapor. High-resolution observations of phytoplankton in surface waters have also shown a great variability in latitude in terms of abundance and community structure (diversity). The operational success of this program and these unique scientific results together establish a proof of concept and underline the need to transform this program into a permanent observatory. The multi-year rotations over the Indian Ocean will enable us to assess the trends and seasonal variability of phytoplankton, greenhouse gases, ozone, and marine aerosols in a sensitive and poorly documented climatic region. Without being exhaustive, MAP-IO should make it possible to better understand and assess the biological carbon pump, to study the variability of gases and aerosols in a region that is remote in relation to the main anthropogenic sources, and to monitor the transport of stratospheric ozone by the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The meteorological MAP-IO data set is publicly available at https://www.aeris-data.fr/catalogue-map-io/ (last access: 26 August 2024) (atmospheric data) and at https://doi.org/10.17882/89505 (Thyssen et al., 2022a) (phytoplankton data).

William Ospina’s Amazon trilogy (Ursúa, El país de la canela and La serpiente sin ojos) recounts Pedro de Ursúa’s Conquest and two expeditions to the Amazon rainforest. In this article, we analyze the use of the nominal syntagm los indios to understand how William Ospina, when describing the indigenous people of New Granada, takes hold of history to present, in his trilogy, his own version and interpretation of the historical narrative, in a constant quest for Colombian identity.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information on key indicators of the state of the climate system and of the human influence on the global climate system. However, successive IPCC reports are published at intervals of 5–10 years, creating potential for an information gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. We compile monitoring datasets to produce estimates for key climate indicators related to forcing of the climate system: emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, the Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates of global temperature extremes. The purpose of this effort, grounded in an open-data, open-science approach, is to make annually updated reliable global climate indicators available in the public domain (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11388387, Smith et al., 2024a). As they are traceable to IPCC report methods, they can be trusted by all parties involved in UNFCCC negotiations and help convey wider understanding of the latest knowledge of the climate system and its direction of travel. The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced. For the single-year average, human-induced warming reached 1.31 [1.1 to 1.7] °C in 2023 relative to 1850–1900. The best estimate is below the 2023-observed warming record of 1.43 [1.32 to 1.53] °C, indicating a substantial contribution of internal variability in the 2023 record. Human-induced warming has been increasing at a rate that is unprecedented in the instrumental record, reaching 0.26 [0.2–0.4] °C per decade over 2014–2023. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of net greenhouse gas emissions being at a persistent high of 53±5.4 Gt CO2e yr−1 over the last decade, as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling. Despite this, there is evidence that the rate of increase in CO2 emissions over the last decade has slowed compared to the 2000s, and depending on societal choices, a continued series of these annual updates over the critical 2020s decade could track a change of direction for some of the indicators presented here.

Abstract Inflammation plays a critical role in conditions such as acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and ischemia–reperfusion-induced liver injury. Various pathogenic pathways contribute to liver inflammation, involving inflammatory polarization of macrophages and Küpffer cells, neutrophil infiltration, dysregulation of T cell subsets, oxidative stress, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated beneficial properties, their clinical translation is limited by their cellular nature. However, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for immunomodulation. MSC-EVs naturally mirror their parental cell properties, overcoming the limitations associated with the use of MSCs. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs replicate the beneficial effects of MSCs in liver injury. This includes the reduction of cell death and oxidative stress, improvement of hepatocyte function, induction of immunomodulatory effects, and mitigation of cytokine storm. Nevertheless, MSC-EVs face challenges regarding the necessity of defining consistent isolation methods, optimizing MSCs culture conditions, and establishing quality control measures for EV characterization and functional assessment. By establishing standardized protocols, guidelines, and affordable cost mass production, clinicians and researchers will have a solid foundation to conduct further studies, validate the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs, and ultimately pave the way for their clinical implementation in acute liver injury.

Soil multifunctionality is closely tied to soil health, yet a comprehensive understanding of this link in agricultural soils is lacking. The aim of this study was to understand how long-term fertilization practices affect the provision of multiple services by comparing the multifunctionality of soils. The three objectives were to (i) determine whether the effect of fertilization is consistent across soil types, (ii) describe the effect of the different fertilizers on soil multifunctionality, and (iii) identify soil chemical properties that can be easily used proxies of soil multifunctionality. The descriptors belong to three functioning indexes associated with nutrient availability, carbon transformation, and soil structure maintenance. This study is the first to investigate the effect of a variety of organic fertilizers on the health of three soil types by combining physical, chemical, and biological indicators in sugarcane agroecosystems. An increase in soil multifunctionality was obtained, with no effect on yield. The effect of fertilizers was consistent across soil types. Filter mud and green waste compost significantly increased the multifunctionality and functioning indexes compared to mineral fertilizer. Modifications in soil properties did not fully explain the observed variations. Our results confirm the high potential of organic fertilization to improve multifunctionality and provide ecosystem services.

Background and purpose: Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen (PAS), an exceptionally rare and aggressive neoplasm with high metastatic risk (70%–85%), is frequently diagnosed in an advanced or metastatic stage. It presents diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptomatology and resemblance to benign vascular lesions in various imaging modalities. Patients and methods: This case series aims to clarify the diagnostic difficulties by comparing imaging characteristics (CT-scan, MRI, and [18F]FDG-PET/CT) as well as pathological findings of three PAS cases diagnosed in different stages of the diseases (localized, metastatic, and metastatic with organ failure). Furthermore, a brief review on diagnostic and therapeutic features is included. Results and interpretation: We suggest [18F]FDG-PET/CT as a differentiating tool between benign and malignant splenic lesions and propose a flowchart of a diagnostic algorithm for PAS. For treatment, we advocate for early splenectomy and when systemic therapy is warranted, paclitaxel emerges as a viable first-line option. While it is crucial to acknowledge that further trial data is required to evaluate the efficacy of emerging treatment regimens, designing and conducting trials for PAS is challenging given its scarcity and aggressive behavior. Therefore case reporting remains important.

Grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is a major disease of European cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) against which a large amount of synthetic pesticides are used. Developing microbial biocontrol of P. viticola could reduce the use of pesticides in viticulture and preserve human and environmental health. To achieve this goal, the ecological interactions that develop during infection between P. viticola and the vine foliar microbiome need to be explored. Here, we present metabarcoding datasets describing the bacterial and fungal communities of pairs of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples collected during downy mildew epidemics in three major wine-producing regions of France. Fungal and bacterial communities were sequenced on a MiSeq Illumina platform, and the abundance of the oomycete P. viticola was quantified using qPCR. We provide the raw metabarcoding datasets, the amplicon sequence variant tables obtained after bioinformatic processing, the metadata describing sampling sites and tissue health conditions, and the code used for bioinformatic analysis. These datasets will enable microbiome comparison within pairs of symptomatic and asymptomatic samples collected at the same time on the same leaf. Such a comparison could help describe the ecological interactions between P. viticola and the grapevine foliar microbiome. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement that will conclude at COP28 in December 2023. Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information on key indicators of the state of the climate system and of the human influence on the global climate system. However, successive IPCC reports are published at intervals of 5–10 years, creating potential for an information gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. We compile monitoring datasets to produce estimates for key climate indicators related to forcing of the climate system: emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, surface temperature changes, the Earth's energy imbalance, warming attributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates of global temperature extremes. The purpose of this effort, grounded in an open data, open science approach, is to make annually updated reliable global climate indicators available in the public domain (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8000192, Smith et al., 2023a). As they are traceable to IPCC report methods, they can be trusted by all parties involved in UNFCCC negotiations and help convey wider understanding of the latest knowledge of the climate system and its direction of travel. The indicators show that human-induced warming reached 1.14 [0.9 to 1.4] ∘C averaged over the 2013–2022 decade and 1.26 [1.0 to 1.6] ∘C in 2022. Over the 2013–2022 period, human-induced warming has been increasing at an unprecedented rate of over 0.2 ∘C per decade. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of greenhouse gas emissions being at an all-time high of 54 ± 5.3 GtCO2e over the last decade, as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling. Despite this, there is evidence that increases in greenhouse gas emissions have slowed, and depending on societal choices, a continued series of these annual updates over the critical 2020s decade could track a change of direction for human influence on climate.

Agricultural research is expected to foster agro-ecological transitions. For that purpose, methodologies of participative integrated assessment of new farming and cropping systems are requested. However, the territory level and the stakeholders’ participation are often not sufficiently embraced. Based on the companion modeling approach, a group of researchers from different disciplines experimented an approach where researchers and stakeholders collaborated intensively all along the process of design and use of the model. The researchers selected a small rural area where agriculture plays a major role (Valensole plateau, south of France) and where they had not carried out any investigation before. In such conditions, we argue that the interactions between researchers and stakeholders involved in the co-design from scratch of a simulation model stimulate a collective reflection about the sustainability of current and alternative farming systems. This article describes the different phases of the process from stakeholders’ enrolment until the final discussion of the results provided by the model. It underlines the conditions that favored the emergence of consensus and the production of a new set of knowledge. It emphasizes how the discordances between data and disagreements between stakeholders were used to stimulate collective debates and underlines the role played by the model. Finally, the article discusses the drawbacks that the approach did not overcome.

In this paper, the observer design problem for a T-S fuzzy bilinear control system is investigated. First, an observer of Kalman type is designed to estimate the system states for the linear case. Then, some new sufficient conditions are derived to show the exponential convergence of the solutions of the error equation for fuzzy bilinear systems. Furthermore, we consider some uncertainties of the system that are bounded and satisfy a certain condition where an observer is designed. Moreover, an application to Van de Vusse system is given.

Refractories castables bonded with CAC (calcium aluminate cement) have a limitation when they are used at high temperature in micro-silica containing system and/or in acidic corrosive environments. The CAC binder reacts with the micro-silica and/or acidic components to form liquid/viscous compounds deteriorating the refractory material.Refractory castables bonded with HA (hydratable alumina) perform better in these environments. However, the drying step of such materials needs time and energy for the water evacuation to avoid the lining cracking.The use of CS (colloidal silica) as binder seems to hinder the drawback of CAC and HA binders. However, the presence of free amorphous silica in the castable composition limits their uses in basic environments by forming liquid/viscous phases at high temperature with a reduction of castable refractoriness.In this context, new colloidal bonding systems that could improve the high performances of refractory castables such as boehmite and spinel colloidal suspensions, were developed.

This article explores power relations between farmers and artisanal gold miners based on an analysis of a buffer zone in the Amazonian department of Madre de Dios (Peru), which has been experiencing a gold rush since the mid-2000s. It provides insight into mining territorialisation processes on agricultural lands, actor dynamics and mechanisms of access to and use of land and its resources. Taking a different angle to the analyses already produced on the conflictual nature of their relations, this article endeavours to shed light on a distinct, but no less present phenomenon: the negotiated nature of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and the mutual arrangements made between stakeholders for access to and use of natural resources.

This paper deals with the problem of stabilization by an estimated state feedback for a family of nonlinear time-delay Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy parameterized systems. The delay is supposed to be constant where the parameter-dependent controls laws are used to compensate the nonlinearities which are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the Lyapunov- Krasovskii functionals, global exponential stability of the closed-loop systems is achieved. The controller and observer gains are able to be separately designed even in the presence of modeling uncertainty and state delay. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the applicability of the main result.

We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system (“FLEXVAR”) based on FLEXPART-COSMO back trajectories driven by COSMO meteorological fields at 7 km×7 km resolution over the European COSMO-7 domain and the four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation technique. FLEXVAR is coupled offline with the global inverse modelling system TM5-4DVAR to provide background mole fractions (“baselines”) consistent with the global observations assimilated in TM5-4DVAR. We have applied the FLEXVAR system for the inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions in 2018 using 24 stations with in situ measurements, complemented with data from five stations with discrete air sampling (and additional stations outside the European COSMO-7 domain used for the global TM5-4DVAR inversions). The sensitivity of the FLEXVAR inversions to different approaches to calculate the baselines, different parameterizations of the model representation error, different settings of the prior error covariance parameters, different prior inventories, and different observation data sets are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the FLEXVAR inversions are compared to inversions with the FLEXPART extended Kalman filter (“FLExKF”) system and with TM5-4DVAR inversions at 1∘×1∘ resolution over Europe. The three inverse modelling systems show overall good consistency of the major spatial patterns of the derived inversion increments and in general only relatively small differences in the derived annual total emissions of larger country regions. At the same time, the FLEXVAR inversions at 7 km×7 km resolution allow the observations to be better reproduced than the TM5-4DVAR simulations at 1∘×1∘. The three inverse models derive higher annual total CH4 emissions in 2018 for Germany, France, and BENELUX compared to the sum of anthropogenic emissions reported to UNFCCC and natural emissions estimated from the Global Carbon Project CH4 inventory, but the uncertainty ranges of top-down and bottom-up total emission estimates overlap for all three country regions. In contrast, the top-down estimates for the sum of emissions from the UK and Ireland agree relatively well with the total of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories.

The EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core provides the longest continuous climatic record, covering the last 800 000 years (800 kyr). A unique opportunity to investigate decadal to millennial variability during past glacial and interglacial periods is provided by the high-resolution water isotopic record (δ18O and δD) available for the EDC ice core. We present here a continuous compilation of the EDC water isotopic record at a sample resolution of 11 cm, which consists of 27 000 δ18O measurements and 7920 δD measurements (covering, respectively, 94 % and 27 % of the whole EDC record), including published and new measurements (2900 for both δ18O and δD) for the last 800 kyr. Here, we demonstrate that repeated water isotope measurements of the same EDC samples from different depth intervals obtained using different analytical methods are comparable within analytical uncertainty. We thus combine all available EDC water isotope measurements to generate a high-resolution (11 cm) dataset for the past 800 kyr. A frequency decomposition of the most complete δ18O record and a simple assessment of the possible influence of diffusion on the measured profile shows that the variability at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher during glacial than during interglacial periods and higher during early interglacial isotopic maxima than during the Holocene. This analysis shows as well that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at the beginning, the multi-centennial variability is strongest over this temperature optimum.

This paper presents an X-ray reflectivity study of a Sc/SiC/Al periodic multilayer deposited via magnetron sputtering and its possible adaptation to be used as a dispersive element in the crystal spectrometers equipping scanning electron microscopes and electron probe microanalyzers. This multilayer is designed for the spectral range of 45–60 eV. The results reveal a reflectance of 40.8% at 54.1 eV for a near-normal incidence angle of 7° with a narrow bandwidth of 2.6 eV. The measured and simulated reflectivity curves are very close, suggesting that this system has smooth interfaces and low interdiffusion. Owing to the growing importance of lithium and lack of spectroscopic data, we simulate a new Sc/SiC/Al stack based on the reflectivity data and optimize it to perform spectroscopy in the range near the Li K absorption edge around 55 eV, which is in the spectral range of the Li Kα emission band. This optimization is achieved by tuning the thicknesses of the different layers and the number of periods of the multilayer using an in-house Python script. The optimization results are compared with the performances of other multilayers employed in the same energy range and at a working angle close to 30° grazing, including Be/Si/Al. This analysis indicates that the Sc/SiC/Al multilayer could be a good candidate for performing spectroscopy in the Li K range.

The presence of prion infectivity in the blood of patients affected by variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (v-CJD), the human prion disease linked to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), poses the risk of inter-human transmission of this fatal prion disease through transfusion. In the frame of various experiments, we have previously described that several cynomolgus macaques experimentally exposed to prion-contaminated blood products developed c-BSE/v-CJD, but the vast majority of them developed an unexpected, fatal disease phenotype focused on spinal cord involvement, which does not fulfill the classical diagnostic criteria of v-CJD. Here, we show that extensive analyses with current conventional techniques failed to detect any accumulation of abnormal prion protein (PrPv−CJD) in the CNS of these myelopathic animals, i.e., the biomarker considered responsible for neuronal death and subsequent clinical signs in prion diseases. Conversely, in the spinal cord of these myelopathic primates, we observed an alteration of their physiological cellular PrP pattern: PrP was not detectable under its full-length classical expression but mainly under its physiological terminal-truncated C1 fragment. This observed disappearance of the N-terminal fragment of cellular PrP at the level of the lesions may provide the first experimental evidence of a link between loss of function of the cellular prion protein and disease onset. This original prion-induced myelopathic syndrome suggests an unexpected wide extension in the field of prion diseases that is so far limited to pathologies associated with abnormal changes of the cellular PrP to highly structured conformations.

A large class of nonlinear systems can be represented or well approximated by Takagi- Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models, which in theory can approximate a general nonlinear system to an arbitrary degree of accuracy. The TS fuzzy model consists of a fuzzy rule base. The rule antecedents partition a given subspace of the model variables into fuzzy regions, while the consequent of each rule is usually a linear or affine model, valid locally in the corresponding region. In this paper, the observer design problem for a T-S fuzzy system subject to Lypschitz perturbation is investigated. First, an observer of Kalman type is designed to estimate the unknown system states. Then, the class of one-sided Lipschitz for a TS fuzzy system subject to a sufficient condition on the bound is studied. The challenges are discussed and some analysis oriented tools are provided. An example is given to show the applicability of the main result.

This study presents the first analysis of the variability of atmospheric CO2 in the area of the Marseille city (France). It addresses the role of anthropogenic emissions, natural fluxes and atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) dynamics on CO2 variability at the diurnal, synoptic, seasonal and multi-annual scales. A regional network based on 4 in-situ observation sites of CO2, CO and NOx was deployed between 2013 and 2018. One urban site (CAV) located in Marseille center was set up in collaboration with the regional air quality monitoring agency ATMOSUD. A second site (SME) was installed at the coastal edge of Marseille at the border of the Mediterranean Sea. The two other sites belonging to the ICOS (integrated Carbon Observing System) national atmospheric greenhouse observation network, are located in natural areas at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP, 80 km north of Marseille) and at Cape Corsica (ERSA, 330 km east of Marseille) and are defined as regional background sites. The comparison between the sites was performed on the period common to all sites (1 July 2016–13 February 2018). The datasets are calibrated on the reference World Meteorological Organization scales for CO2 and CO with high precision and accuracy levels. At all sites, the mean annual CO2 growth rate is found to be quite similar to the Mauna Loa (Hawaii) reference site one, but mean annual CO2 concentrations are higher of several ppm at both urban sites than at both background sites. The diurnal cycle shows a higher amplitude at the urban sites (14.5 ppm at SME; 18.8 ppm at CAV) than at the background sites (5.3 ppm at OHP; 0.5 ppm at ERSA), as in other urban studies. While the urban stations are influenced by large urban anthropogenic emissions (mostly from traffic and heating, especially in winter), both background sites are mainly influenced by natural fluxes. At ERSA, the CO2 diurnal cycle is found to be primarily controlled by the small air-sea CO2 fluxes. At OHP, the diurnal variability of CO2 is mainly driven by the activity of vegetation (photosynthesis and respiration) and ABLH dynamics. For similar reasons, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are also characterized by larger seasonal variations in the city (29.2 ppm at CAV and 20.3 ppm at SME, respectively) than at OHP (13.1 ppm) and at SME (13.9 ppm). The influence of local, regional and remote anthropogenic emissions is assessed through a classification of the datasets by wind conditions. Similarly to other urban studies, a dome of several tens of ppm of CO2 gets formed over the city at low wind speed (less than 4 m s−1). For higher wind speeds (4–10 m s−1), the influence of regional and remote emissions on atmospheric CO2 is function of wind direction, varying from a few ppm at the background sites to a plume of more than 10 ppm at the urban ones. For very strong winds, the CO2 plume gets diluted. Finally local breezes, although not much frequent and more occurrent in summer, partly control atmospheric CO2 concentrations in Marseille. Additional local meteorological measurement sites would help to better characterize breezes in Marseille. Also, our study shows that additional background sites closer to the city on the path of the dominant winds would help to better constrain Marseille CO2 urban dome and plume. The NW and W sectors show a higher CO2 concentration variability even for strong winds, with likely an impact of the industrial area of Fos-Berre north-west of Marseille. Furthermore, as CO and NOx are used to assess the role of anthropogenic emissions vs natural fluxes on CO2, future dedicated campaigns using carbon isotopes will help to decipher the role of fossil fuel combustion sources vs modern ones on CO2 in Marseille. Finally, remote sensing measurements would be useful to better assess the impact of ABLH on atmospheric CO2 in the coastal area of Marseille where atmospheric dynamics are quite complex.

(1) Background: The diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for coronary artery disease (CAD) has greatly improved so CCTA represents a transition in the care of patients suffering from CAD. Magnesium-based bioresorbable stents (Mg-BRS) secure acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results without leaving, in the long term, a metallic caging effect. The purpose of this real-world study was to assess clinical and CCTA medium- and long-term follow-up of all our patients with implanted Mg-BRS. (2) Methods: The patency of 52 Mg-BRS implanted in 44 patients with de novo lesions (24 of which had acute coronary syndrome (ACS)) was evaluated by CCTA and compared to quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) post-implantation. (3) Results: ten events including four deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 48 months. CCTA was interpretable and in-stent measurements were successful at follow-up without being hindered by the stent strut’s “blooming effect”. Minimal in-stent diameters on CCTA were found to be 1.03 ± 0.60 mm smaller than the expected diameter after post-dilation on implantation (p < 0.05), a difference not found in comparing CCTA and QCA. (4) Conclusions: CCTA follow-up of implanted Mg-BRS is fully interpretable and we confirm the long-term Mg-BRS safety profile.

Central blood pressure (cBP) is known to be a better predictor of the damage caused by hypertension in comparison with peripheral blood pressure. During cardiac catheterization, we measured cBP in the ascending aorta with a fluid-filled guiding catheter (FF) in 75 patients and with a high-fidelity micromanometer tipped wire (FFR) in 20 patients. The wire was withdrawn into the brachial artery and aorto-brachial pulse wave velocity (abPWV) was calculated from the length of the pullback and the time delay between the ascending aorta and the brachial artery pulse waves by gating to the R-wave of the ECG for both measurements. In 23 patients, a cuff was inflated around the calf and an aorta-tibial pulse wave velocity (atPWV) was calculated from the distance between the cuff around the leg and the axillary notch and the time delay between the ascending aorta and the tibial pulse waves. Brachial BP was measured non-invasively and cBP was estimated using a new suprasystolic oscillometric technology. The mean differences between invasively measured cBP by FFR and non-invasive estimation were −0.4 ± 5.7 mmHg and by FF 5.4 ± 9.4 mmHg in 52 patients. Diastolic and mean cBP were both overestimated by oscillometry, with mean differences of −8.9 ± 5.5 mmHg and −6.4 ± 5.1 mmHg compared with the FFR and −10.6 ± 6.3 mmHg and −5.9 ± 6.2 mmHg with the FF. Non-invasive systolic cBP compared accurately with the high-fidelity FFR measurements, demonstrating a low bias (≤5 mmHg) and high precision (SD ≤ 8 mmHg). These criteria were not met when using the FF measurements. Invasively derived average Ao-brachial abPWV was 7.0 ± 1.4 m/s and that of Ao-tibial atPWV was 9.1 ± 1.8 m/s. Non-invasively estimated PWV based on the reflected wave transit time did not correlate with abPWV or with atPWV. In conclusion, we demonstrate the advantages of a novel method of validation for non-invasive cBP monitoring devices using acknowledged gold standard FFR wire transducers and the possibility to easily measure PWV during coronary angiography with the impact of cardiovascular risk factors.

Thiocarbohydrazone-based catalysts feature ligands that are potentially electrochemically active. From the synthesis point of view, these ligands can be easily tailored, opening multiple strategies for optimization, such as using different substituent groups or metal substitution. In this work, we show the possibility of a new strategy, involving the nuclearity of the system, meaning the number of metal centers. We report the synthesis and characterization of a trinuclear nickel-thiocarbohydrazone complex displaying an improved turnover rate compared with its mononuclear counterpart. We use DFT calculations to show that the mechanism involved is metal-centered, unlike the metal-assisted ligand-centered mechanism found in the mononuclear complex. Finally, we show that two possible mechanisms can be assigned to this catalyst, both involving an initial double reduction of the system.