9 results on '"Day, Nancy L."'
Search Results
2. Benchmark dose profiles for bivariate exposures
- Author
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Akkaya Hocagil, Tugba, primary, Ryan, Louise M., additional, Cook, Richard J., additional, Dang, Khue‐Dung, additional, Carter, R. Colin, additional, Richardson, Gale A., additional, Day, Nancy L., additional, Coles, Claire D., additional, Carmichael Olson, Heather, additional, Jacobson, Sandra W., additional, and Jacobson, Joseph L., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Maternal trajectories of cannabis use and young adult cannabis and nicotine dependence
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De Genna, Natacha M., Goldschmidt, Lidush, Richardson, Gale A., and Day, Nancy L.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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4. A dose-response analysis of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on cognitive development.
- Author
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Jacobson, Joseph L., Akkaya-Hocagil, Tugba, Jacobson, Sandra W., Coles, Claire D., Richardson, Gale A., Olson, Heather Carmichael, Day, Nancy L., Carter, R. Colin, Dodge, Neil C., Khue-Dung Dang, Cook, Richard J., and Ryan, Louise M.
- Subjects
READING ,INFANT development ,PRENATAL exposure delayed effects ,COGNITIVE testing ,SECONDARY analysis ,MATHEMATICS ,RESEARCH funding ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,PROBABILITY theory ,CHILD health services ,EXECUTIVE function ,PARENTING ,LEARNING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry ,FETAL alcohol syndrome ,ACHIEVEMENT tests ,ALCOHOL drinking ,SUBSTANCE abuse in pregnancy ,ALCOHOLISM ,FACTOR analysis ,MOTHERHOOD ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Background: Most studies of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on cognitive function have assumed that the dose-response curve is linear. However, data from a few animal and human studies suggest that there may be an inflection point in the dose-response curve above which PAE effects are markedly stronger and that there may be differences associated with pattern of exposure, assessed in terms of alcohol dose per drinking occasion and drinking frequency. Methods: We performed second-order confirmatory factor analysis on data obtained at school age, adolescence, and early adulthood from 2227 participants in six US longitudinal cohorts to derive a composite measure of cognitive function. Regression models were constructed to examine effects of PAE on cognitive function, adjusted for propensity scores. Analyses based on a single predictor (absolute alcohol (AA)/day) were compared with analyses based on two predictors (dose/occasion and drinking frequency), using (1) linear models and (2) nonparametric general additive models (GAM) that allow for both linear and nonlinear effects. Results: The single-predictor GAM model showed virtually no nonlinearity in the effect of AA/day on cognitive function. However, the two-predictor GAM model revealed differential effects of maternal drinking pattern. Among offspring of infrequent drinkers, PAE effects on cognitive function were markedly stronger in those whose mothers drank more than ~3 drinks/occasion, and the effect of dose/occasion was strongest among the very frequent drinkers. Frequency of drinking did not appear to alter the PAE effect on cognitive function among participants born to mothers who limited their drinking to ~1 drink/occasion or less. Conclusions: These findings suggest that linear models based on total AA/day are appropriate for assessing whether PAE affects a given cognitive outcome. However, examination of alcohol dose/occasion and drinking frequency is needed to fully characterize the impact of different levels of alcohol intake on cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bayesian modelling of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child cognition based on data from multiple cohorts.
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Dang, Khue‐Dung, Ryan, Louise M., Akkaya Hocagil, Tugba, Cook, Richard J., Richardson, Gale A., Day, Nancy L., Coles, Claire D., Carmichael Olson, Heather, Jacobson, Sandra W., and Jacobson, Joseph L.
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PRENATAL alcohol exposure ,COGNITION in children ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,LATENT variables ,CONFOUNDING variables ,COHORT analysis - Abstract
Summary: High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) result in significant cognitive deficits in children, but the exact nature of the dose‐response relationship is less well understood. To investigate this relationship, data were assembled from six longitudinal birth cohort studies examining the effects of PAE on cognitive outcomes from early school age through adolescence. Structural equation models (SEMs) are a natural approach to consider, because of the way they conceptualise multiple observed outcomes as relating to an underlying latent variable of interest, which can then be modelled as a function of exposure and other predictors of interest. However, conventional SEMs could not be fitted in this context because slightly different outcome measures were used in the six studies. In this paper we propose a multi‐group Bayesian SEM that maps the unobserved cognition variable to a broad range of observed outcomes. The relation between these variables and PAE is then examined while controlling for potential confounders via propensity score adjustment. By examining different possible dose‐response functions, the proposed framework is used to investigate whether there is a threshold PAE level that results in minimal cognitive deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A hierarchical meta-analysis for settings involving multiple outcomes across multiple cohorts
- Author
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Hocagil, Tugba Akkaya, Ryan, Louise M., Cook, Richard J., Richardson, Gale A., Day, Nancy L., Coles, Claire D., Olson, Heather Carmichael, Jacobson, Sandra W., and Jacobson, Joseph L.
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Methodology (stat.ME) ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,0104 Statistics ,Statistics - Methodology - Abstract
Evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies has linked prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) to a broad range of long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. However, there is virtually no information in the scientific literature regarding the levels of PAE associated with an increased risk of clinically significant adverse effects. During the period from 1975-1993, several prospective longitudinal cohort studies were conducted in the U.S., in which maternal reports regarding alcohol use were obtained during pregnancy and the cognitive development of the offspring was assessed from early childhood through early adulthood. The sample sizes in these cohorts did not provide sufficient power to examine effects associated with different levels and patterns of PAE. To address this critical public health issue, we have developed a hierarchical meta-analysis to synthesize information regarding the effects of PAE on cognition, integrating data on multiple endpoints from six U.S. longitudinal cohort studies. Our approach involves estimating the dose-response coefficients for each endpoint and then pooling these correlated dose-response coefficients to obtain an estimated `global' effect of exposure on cognition. In the first stage, we use individual participant data to derive estimates of the effects of PAE by fitting regression models that adjust for potential confounding variables using propensity scores. The correlation matrix characterizing the dependence between the endpoint-specific dose-response coefficients estimated within each cohort is then run, while accommodating incomplete information on some endpoints. We also compare and discuss inferences based on the proposed approach to inferences based on a full multivariate analysis
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- 2022
7. A hierarchical meta‐analysis for settings involving multiple outcomes across multiple cohorts
- Author
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Akkaya Hocagil, Tugba, primary, Ryan, Louise M, additional, Cook, Richard J., additional, Jacobson, Sandra W., additional, Richardson, Gale A., additional, Day, Nancy L., additional, Coles, Claire D., additional, Carmichael Olson, Heather, additional, and Jacobson, Joseph L., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on cognitive and behavioral development: Findings from a hierarchical meta‐analysis of data from six prospective longitudinal U.S. cohorts.
- Author
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Jacobson, Joseph L., Akkaya‐Hocagil, Tugba, Ryan, Louise M., Dodge, Neil C., Richardson, Gale A., Olson, Heather Carmichael, Coles, Claire D., Day, Nancy L., Cook, Richard J., and Jacobson, Sandra W.
- Subjects
EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,COGNITION ,PRENATAL exposure delayed effects ,NEUROLOGIC manifestations of general diseases ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FETAL alcohol syndrome ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Background: Cognitive and behavioral sequelae of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) continue to be prevalent in the United States and worldwide. Because these sequelae are also common in other neurodevelopmental disorders, researchers have attempted to identify a distinct neurobehavioral profile to facilitate the differential diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We used an innovative, individual participant meta‐analytic technique to combine data from six large U.S. longitudinal cohorts to provide a more comprehensive and reliable characterization of the neurobehavioral deficits seen in FASD than can be obtained from smaller samples. Methods: Meta‐analyses were performed on data from 2236 participants to examine effects of PAE (measured as oz absolute alcohol/day (AA/day)) on IQ, four domains of cognition function (learning and memory, executive function, reading achievement, and math achievement), sustained attention, and behavior problems, after adjusting for potential confounders using propensity scores. Results: The effect sizes for IQ and the four domains of cognitive function were strikingly similar to one another and did not differ at school age, adolescence, or young adulthood. Effect sizes were smaller in the more middle‐class Seattle cohort and larger in the three cohorts that obtained more detailed and comprehensive assessments of AA/day. PAE effect sizes were somewhat weaker for parent‐ and teacher‐reported behavior problems and not significant for sustained attention. In a meta‐analysis of five aspects of executive function, the strongest effect was on set‐shifting. Conclusions: The similarity in the effect sizes for the four domains of cognitive function suggests that PAE affects an underlying component or components of cognition involving learning and memory and executive function that are reflected in IQ and academic achievement scores. The weaker effects in the more middle‐class cohort may reflect a more cognitively stimulating environment, a different maternal drinking pattern (lower alcohol dose/occasion), and/or better maternal prenatal nutrition. These findings identify two domains of cognition—learning/memory and set‐shifting—that are particularly affected by PAE, and one, sustained attention, which is apparently spared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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9. A hierarchical meta-analysis for settings involving multiple outcomes across multiple cohorts.
- Author
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Hocagil TA, Ryan LM, Cook RJ, Jacobson SW, Richardson GA, Day NL, Coles CD, Olson HC, and Jacobson JL
- Abstract
Evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies has linked prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) to a broad range of long-term cognitive and behavioural deficits. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the nature and levels of PAE associated with increased risk of clinically significant cognitive deficits. To derive robust and efficient estimates of the effects of PAE on cognitive function, we have developed a hierarchical meta-analysis approach to synthesize information regarding the effects of PAE on cognition, integrating data on multiple outcomes from six U.S. Iongitudinal cohort studies. A key assumption of standard methods of meta-analysis, effect sizes are independent, is violated when multiple intercorrelated outcomes are synthesized across studies. Our approach involves estimating the dose-response coefficients for each outcome and then pooling these correlated dose-response coefficients to obtain an estimated "global" effect of exposure on cognition. In the first stage, we use individual participant data to derive estimates of the effects of PAE by fitting regression models that adjust for potential confounding variables using propensity scores. The correlation matrix characterizing the dependence between the outcome-specific dose-response coefficients estimated within each cohort is then run, while accommodating incomplete information on some outcome. We also compare inferences based on the proposed approach to inferences based on a full multivariate analysis.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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