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1. Atmospheric new particle formation from the CERN CLOUD experiment

Author

Kirkby, Jasper, Amorim, António, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Christoudias, Theodoros, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Haddad, Imad El, Flagan, Richard C., Gordon, Hamish, Hansel, Armin, Harder, Hartwig, Junninen, Heikki, Kulmala, Markku, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Lelieveld, Jos, Möhler, Ottmar, Riipinen, Ilona, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Virtanen, Annele, Volkamer, Rainer, Winkler, Paul M., and Worsnop, Douglas R.

Published
2023
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2. Better integration of chemical pollution research will further our understanding of biodiversity loss

Author

Sylvester, Francisco, Weichert, Fabian G., Lozano, Verónica L., Groh, Ksenia J., Bálint, Miklós, Baumann, Lisa, Bässler, Claus, Brack, Werner, Brandl, Barbara, Curtius, Joachim, Dierkes, Paul, Döll, Petra, Ebersberger, Ingo, Fragkostefanakis, Sotirios, Helfrich, Eric J. N., Hickler, Thomas, Johann, Sarah, Jourdan, Jonas, Klimpel, Sven, Kminek, Helge, Liquin, Florencia, Möllendorf, Darrel, Mueller, Thomas, Oehlmann, Jörg, Ottermanns, Richard, Pauls, Steffen U., Piepenbring, Meike, Pfefferle, Jakob, Schenk, Gerrit Jasper, Scheepens, J. F., Scheringer, Martin, Schiwy, Sabrina, Schlottmann, Antje, Schneider, Flurina, Schulte, Lisa M., Schulze-Sylvester, Maria, Stelzer, Ernst, Strobl, Frederic, Sundermann, Andrea, Tockner, Klement, Tröger, Tobias, Vilcinskas, Andreas, Völker, Carolin, Winkelmann, Ricarda, and Hollert, Henner

Published
2023
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3. The gas-phase formation mechanism of iodic acid as an atmospheric aerosol source

Author

Finkenzeller, Henning, Iyer, Siddharth, He, Xu-Cheng, Simon, Mario, Koenig, Theodore K., Lee, Christopher F., Valiev, Rashid, Hofbauer, Victoria, Amorim, Antonio, Baalbaki, Rima, Baccarini, Andrea, Beck, Lisa, Bell, David M., Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, Heinritzi, Martin, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changhyuk, Krechmer, Jordan, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashnin, Alexandr, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rörup, Birte, Shen, Jiali, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Tauber, Christian, Tham, Yee Jun, Tomé, António, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Mingyi, Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Nie, Wei, Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Ye, Qing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Brioude, Jérome, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Haddad, Imad El, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Kirkby, Jasper, Sipilä, Mikko, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kurten, Theo, Rissanen, Matti, and Volkamer, Rainer

Published
2023
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4. Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation

Author

Wang, Mingyi, Xiao, Mao, Bertozzi, Barbara, Marie, Guillaume, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Bardakov, Roman, He, Xu-Cheng, Shen, Jiali, Scholz, Wiebke, Marten, Ruby, Dada, Lubna, Baalbaki, Rima, Lopez, Brandon, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Manninen, Hanna E., Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Bogert, Pia, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, De Menezes, Louis-Philippe, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ekman, Annica M. L., Finkenzeller, Henning, Carracedo, Loïc Gonzalez, Granzin, Manuel, Guida, Roberto, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Höhler, Kristina, Korhonen, Kimmo, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kürten, Andreas, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Massabò, Dario, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Pozzer, Andrea, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Schervish, Meredith, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Simon, Mario, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, António, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Vogel, Franziska, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Dongyu S., Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Sipilä, Mikko, Winkler, Paul M., Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Riipinen, Ilona, Gordon, Hamish, Lelieveld, Jos, El-Haddad, Imad, Volkamer, Rainer, Worsnop, Douglas R., Christoudias, Theodoros, Kirkby, Jasper, Möhler, Ottmar, and Donahue, Neil M.

Published
2022
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6. Ammonium CI-Orbitrap: a tool for characterizing the reactivity of oxygenated organic molecules.

Author

Li, Dandan, Wang, Dongyu, Caudillo, Lucia, Scholz, Wiebke, Wang, Mingyi, Tomaz, Sophie, Marie, Guillaume, Surdu, Mihnea, Eccli, Elias, Gong, Xianda, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, Granzin, Manuel, Pfeifer, Joschka, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Rantala, Pekka, Perrier, Sébastien, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, and Kirkby, Jasper

Subjects
MASS spectrometry, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, MASS spectrometers, ATMOSPHERIC ionization, ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
Abstract

Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) play an important role in the formation of atmospheric aerosols. Due to various analytical challenges with respect to measuring organic vapors, uncertainties remain regarding the formation and fate of OOMs. The chemical ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) mass spectrometer has recently been shown to be a powerful technique that is able to accurately identify gaseous organic compounds due to its greater mass resolution. Here, we present the ammonium-ion-based CI-Orbitrap (NH4+ -Orbitrap) as a technique capable of measuring a wide range of gaseous OOMs. The performance of the NH4+ -Orbitrap is compared with that of state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, including a nitrate-ion-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (NO3- -LTOF), a new generation of proton transfer reaction-TOF mass spectrometer (PTR3-TOF), and an iodide-based CI-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (I- -CIMS). The instruments were deployed simultaneously in the Cosmic Leaving OUtdoors Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) during the CLOUD14 campaign in 2019. Products generated from α -pinene ozonolysis under various experimental conditions were simultaneously measured by the mass spectrometers. The NH4+ -Orbitrap was able to identify the widest range of OOMs (i.e., O ≥ 2), from less-oxidized species to highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). Excellent agreement was found between the NH4+ -Orbitrap and the NO3- -LTOF with respect to characterizing HOMs and with the PTR3-TOF for the less-oxidized monomeric species. OOM concentrations measured by NH4+ -Orbitrap were estimated using calibration factors derived from the OOMs with high time-series correlations during the side-by-side measurements. As with the other mass spectrometry techniques used during this campaign, the detection sensitivity of the NH4+ -Orbitrap to OOMs is greatly affected by relative humidity, which may be related to changes in ionization efficiency and/or multiphase chemistry. Overall, this study shows that NH4+ -ion-based chemistry associated with the high mass resolution of the Orbitrap mass analyzer can measure almost all inclusive compounds. As a result, it is now possible to cover the entire range of compounds, which can lead to a better understanding of the oxidation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Hydroxyl Radicals and Oxidation Capacity in the Tropical Troposphere: Measurements from CAFE Field Campaigns using HORUS

Author

Holzbeck, Philip, primary, Rohloff, Roland, additional, Sreekumar, Sreedev, additional, Monteiro, Carolina, additional, Tsokankunku, Anywhere, additional, Marno, Daniel, additional, Martinez, Monica, additional, Nussbaumer, Clara, additional, Dienhart, Dirk, additional, Tripathi, Nidhi, additional, Wang, Nijing, additional, Edtbauer, Achim, additional, Bohn, Birger, additional, Obersteiner, Florian, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Harder, Hartwig, additional

Published
2024
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8. Nitrate Radicals Suppress Biogenic New Particle Formation from Monoterpene Oxidation

Author

Li, Dandan, primary, Huang, Wei, additional, Wang, Dongyu, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Thornton, Joel A., additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Gong, Xianda, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Junninen, Heikki, additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Ma, Yingge, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Perrier, Sebastien, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Tomaz, Sophie, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wang, Xinke, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, George, Christian, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, and Riva, Matthieu, additional

Published
2024
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9. Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author

Marten, Ruby, primary, Xiao, Mao, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Elser, Miriam, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Bertozzi, Barbara, additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Lampimäki, Markus, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, McPherson Donahue, Neil, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, and El Haddad, Imad, additional

Published
2024
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10. Role of sesquiterpenes in biogenic new particle formation

Author

Dada, Lubna, primary, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Ahonen, Lauri, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., additional, DeVivo, Jenna, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Kvashnin, Aleksander, additional, Mauldin, Roy, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Saathoff, Harald, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tome, Antonio, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Kulmala, Markku, additional

Published
2023
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11. Ammonium CI-Orbitrap: a tool for characterizing the reactivity of oxygenated organic molecules

Author

Li, Dandan, primary, Wang, Dongyu, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Tomaz, Sophie, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Eccli, Elias, additional, Gong, Xianda, additional, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schulze, Benjamin, additional, Rantala, Pekka, additional, Perrier, Sébastien, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, George, Christian, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, and Riva, Matthieu, additional

Published
2023
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12. Supplementary material to "Ammonium CI-Orbitrap: a tool for characterizing the reactivity of oxygenated organic molecules"

Author

Li, Dandan, primary, Wang, Dongyu, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Tomaz, Sophie, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Eccli, Elias, additional, Gong, Xianda, additional, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schulze, Benjamin, additional, Rantala, Pekka, additional, Perrier, Sébastien, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, George, Christian, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, and Riva, Matthieu, additional

Published
2023
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13. An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles

Author

Caudillo, Lucía, primary, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Thoma, Markus, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Buchholz, Angela, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2023
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14. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere

Author

Nie, Wei, primary, Yan, Chao, additional, Yang, Liwen, additional, Roldin, Pontus, additional, Liu, Yuliang, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Nichman, Leonid, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Mizelli-Ojdanic, Andrea, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Schallhart, Simon, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Li, Haiyan, additional, Huang, Wei, additional, Qi, Ximeng, additional, Lou, Sijia, additional, Liu, Tengyu, additional, Chi, Xuguang, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Worsnop, Douglas, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Ehn, Mikael, additional, and Ding, Aijun, additional

Published
2023
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15. Measurement of the collision rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author

Pfeifer, Joschka, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Schulze, Benjamin C., Mathot, Serge, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Baalbaki, Rima, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucia, Dada, Lubna, Granzin, Manuel, He, Xu-Cheng, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lopez, Brandon, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Rörup, Birte, Schervish, Meredith, Tian, Ping, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Mingyi, Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Amorim, Antonio, Haddad, Imad, Kulmala, Markku, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Petäjä, Tuukka, Tomé, António, Mirme, Sander, Manninen, Hanna E., Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Kürten, Andreas, Curtius, Joachim, and Kirkby, Jasper

Abstract

Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's radiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through aerosol–cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are weakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral molecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol particles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol particles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes of ions and charged aerosol particles, and so they may influence cloud microphysics, dynamics, and aerosol processing. However, despite their importance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol collision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in the lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000 cm−3. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the rate coefficients between ions and small ( nm) aerosol particles containing up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a singly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0 (0.4–4.4) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 to 30.6 (24.9–45.1) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 for particles with charges of 1 to 9 e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the ±1σ uncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical predictions and show excellent agreement with the model of Gatti and Kortshagen (2008).

Published
2023

16. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere

Author

Nie, Wei, Yan, Chao, Yang, Liwen, Roldin, Pontus, Liu, Yuliang, Vogel, Alexander L, Molteni, Ugo, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Finkenzeller, Henning, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Curtius, Joachim, Dada, Lubna, Draper, Danielle C, Duplissy, Jonathan, Hansel, Armin, He, Xu-Cheng, Hofbauer, Victoria, Jokinen, Tuija, Kim, Changhyuk, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Nichman, Leonid, Mauldin, Roy L, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mentler, Bernhard, Mizelli-Ojdanic, Andrea, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L J, Schallhart, Simon, Simon, Mario, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Volkamer, Rainer, Wagner, Andrea C, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Ye, Penglin, Li, Haiyan, Huang, Wei, Qi, Ximeng, Lou, Sijia, Liu, Tengyu, Chi, Xuguang, Dommen, Josef, Baltensperger, Urs, Haddad, Imad El, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas, Kulmala, Markku, Donahue, Neil M, Ehn, Mikael, and Ding, Aijun

Subjects
Physics in General
Abstract

The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO$_{2}$) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 – 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO$_{2}$ loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization. These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO$_{2}$-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the pre-industrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.

Published
2023

17. Nitrate radicals suppress biogenic new particle formation from monoterpene oxidation

Author

Li, Dandan, primary, Huang, Wei, additional, Wang, Dongyu, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Thornton, Joel, additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Bell, David, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Gong, Xianda, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, He, Xu-cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Junninen, Heikki, additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Kurten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, LEHTIPALO, Katrianne, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Ma, Yingge, additional, Mahfouz, Naser, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Perrier, Sebastien, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Tomaz, Sophie, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wang, Xinke, additional, Weber, Stefan, additional, Welti, André, additional, Worsnop, Douglas, additional, wu, yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil, additional, George, Christian, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, and Riva, Matthieu, additional

Published
2023
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18. Hydroxyl radicals in the Amazon tropical troposphere measured during the CAFE-Brazil field campaign with HORUS

Author

Holzbeck, Philip, primary, Sreekumar, Sreedev, additional, Tsokankunku, Anywhere, additional, Marno, Daniel, additional, Rohloff, Roland, additional, Martinez, Monica, additional, Nussbaumer, Clara, additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Harder, Hartwig, additional

Published
2023
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19. Impact of reduced aircraft emission on HOx Chemistry in the upper troposphere during BLUESKY Campaign 2020.

Author

Sreekumar, Sreedev, primary, Tsokankunku, Anywhere, additional, Marno, Daniel, additional, Rohloff, Roland, additional, Martinez, Monica, additional, Tadic, Ivan, additional, Hamryszczak, Zaneta, additional, Pozzer, Andrea, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Bohn, Birger, additional, Obersteiner, Florian, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Harder, Hartwig, additional

Published
2023
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20. Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere

Author

He, Xu-Cheng, Simon, Mario, Iyer, Siddharth, Xie, Hong-Bin, Rörup, Birte, Shen, Jiali, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Zhang, Rongjie, Baccarini, Andrea, Tham, Yee Jun, Wang, Mingyi, Amanatidis, Stavros, Piedehierro, Ana A., Amorim, Antonio, Baalbaki, Rima, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, Chu, Biwu, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Flagan, Richard C., Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Jokinen, Tuija, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan, Kürten, Andreas, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lopez, Brandon, Ma, Fangfang, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Massabò, Dario, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rissanen, Matti P., Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scholz, Wiebke, Schulze, Benjamin, Surdu, Mihnea, Thakur, Roseline C., Tomé, António, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Dongyu, Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Winkler, Paul M., Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Kurtén, Theo, Worsnop, Douglas R., Volkamer, Rainer, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Kirkby, Jasper, Donahue, Neil M., Sipilä, Mikko, Kulmala, Markku, He, Xu-Cheng, Simon, Mario, Iyer, Siddharth, Xie, Hong-Bin, Rörup, Birte, Shen, Jiali, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Zhang, Rongjie, Baccarini, Andrea, Tham, Yee Jun, Wang, Mingyi, Amanatidis, Stavros, Piedehierro, Ana A., Amorim, Antonio, Baalbaki, Rima, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, Chu, Biwu, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Flagan, Richard C., Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Jokinen, Tuija, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan, Kürten, Andreas, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lopez, Brandon, Ma, Fangfang, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Massabò, Dario, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rissanen, Matti P., Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scholz, Wiebke, Schulze, Benjamin, Surdu, Mihnea, Thakur, Roseline C., Tomé, António, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Dongyu, Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Winkler, Paul M., Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Kurtén, Theo, Worsnop, Douglas R., Volkamer, Rainer, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Kirkby, Jasper, Donahue, Neil M., Sipilä, Mikko, and Kulmala, Markku

Abstract

The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H2SO4), stabilized by ammonia (NH3). However, in marine and polar regions, NH3 is generally low, and H2SO4 is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIOx, i.e., iodic acid (HIO3) and iodous acid (HIO2)]. In experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated the interplay of H2SO4 and HIOx during atmospheric particle nucleation. We found that HIOx greatly enhances H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO3 strongly binds with H2SO4 in charged clusters so they drive particle nucleation synergistically. Second, HIO2 substitutes for NH3, forming strongly bound H2SO4-HIO2 acid-base pairs in molecular clusters. Global observations imply that HIOx is enhancing H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation rates 10- to 10,000-fold in marine and polar regions.

Published
2023

21. Temperature, humidity, and ionisation effect of iodine oxoacid nucleation

Author

Rörup, Birte, He, Xu-Cheng, Shen, Jiali, Baalbaki, Rima, Dada, Lubna, Sipilä, Mikko, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bell, David M., Caudillo-Plath, Lucía, Duplissy, Jonathan, Finkenzeller, Henning, Kürten, Andreas, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Onnela, Antti, Philippov, Maxim, Scholz, Carolin Wiebke, Simon, Mario, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Tham, Yee Jun, Tomé, António, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Mingyi, Wang, Dongyu, Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., El Haddad, Imad, Flagan, Richard C., Hansel, Armin, Möhler, Ottmar, Petäjä, Tuukka, Volkamer, Rainer, Worsnop, Douglas, and Lehtipalo, Katrianne

Abstract

Iodine oxoacids are recognised for their significant contribution to the formation of new particles in marine and polar atmospheres. Nevertheless, to incorporate the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism into global simulations, it is essential to comprehend how this mechanism varies under various atmospheric conditions. In this study, we combined measurements from the CLOUD (Cosmic Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and simulations with a kinetic model to investigate the impact of temperature, ionisation, and humidity on iodine oxoacid nucleation. Our findings reveal that ion-induced particle formation rates remain largely unaffected by changes in temperature. However, neutral particle formation rates experience a significant increase when the temperature drops from +10 °C to −10 °C. Running the kinetic model with varying ionisation rates demonstrates that the particle formation rate only increases with a higher ionisation rate when the iodic acid concentration exceeds 1.5 × 107cm−3, a concentration rarely reached in pristine marine atmospheres. Consequently, our simulations suggest that, despite higher ionisation rates, the charged cluster nucleation pathway of iodic acid is unlikely to be enhanced in the upper troposphere by higher ionisation rates. Instead, the neutral nucleation channel is likely to be the dominant channel in that region. Notably, the iodine oxoacid nucleation mechanism remains unaffected by changes in relative humidity from 2% to 80%. However, under unrealistically dry conditions (below 0.008% RH at +10 °C), iodine oxides (I2O4and I2O5) significantly enhance formation rates. Therefore, we conclude that iodine oxoacid nucleation is the dominant nucleation mechanism for iodine nucleation in the marine and polar boundary layer atmosphere.

Published
2024
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22. Ammonium CI-Orbitrap: a tool for characterizing the reactivity of oxygenated organic molecules.

Author

Dandan Li, Dongyu Wang, Caudillo, Lucia, Scholz, Wiebke, Mingyi Wang, Tomaz, Sophie, Marie, Guillaume, Surdu, Mihnea, Eccli, Elias, Xianda Gong, Gonzalez-Carracedo, Loic, Granzin, Manuel, Pfeifer, Joschka, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Rantala, Pekka, Perrier, Sébastien, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, and Kirkby, Jasper

Subjects
CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry, MASS spectrometry, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, MASS spectrometers, ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, PINENE, NUCLEAR research
Abstract

Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) play an important role in the formation of atmospheric aerosols. Due to various analytical challenges in measuring organic vapors, uncertainties remain in the formation and fate of OOMs. The chemical ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometer (CI-Orbitrap) has recently been shown to be a powerful technique able to accurately identify gaseous organic compounds due to its great mass resolving power. Here we present the ammonium ion (NH4+) based CI-Orbitrap as a technique capable of measuring a wide range of gaseous OOMs. The performance of the CI-(NH4+)-Orbitrap was compared with that of state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, including a nitrate ion (NO3-) based CI coupled to an atmospheric pressure interfaced to long time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-LTOF), a new generation of proton transfer reaction-TOF mass spectrometer (PTR3-TOF), and an iodide (I-) based CI-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-CIMS). The instruments were deployed simultaneously in the Cosmic Leaving OUtdoors Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) during the CLOUD14 campaign in 2019. Products generated from α-pinene ozonolysis across multiple experimental conditions were simultaneously measured by the mass spectrometers. NH4+-Orbitrap was able to identify the widest range of OOMs (i.e., O = 2), from low oxidized species to highly oxygenated volatile organic compounds (HOM). Excellent agreements were found between the NH4+-Orbitrap and the NO3--LTOF for characterizing HOMs and with the PTR3- TOF for the less oxidized monomeric species. A semi-quantitative information was retrieved for OOMs measured by NH4+-Orbitrap using calibration factors derived from this side-by-side comparison. As other mass spectrometry techniques used during this campaign, the detection sensitivity of NH4+-Orbitrap to OOMs is greatly affected by relative humidity, which may be related to changes in ionization efficiency and/or multiphase chemistry. Overall, this study shows that NH4+ ion46 based chemistry associated with the high mass resolving power of the Orbitrap mass analyzer can measure almost all-inclusive compounds. As a result, it is now possible to cover the entire range of compounds, which can lead to a better understanding of the oxidation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Molecular Understanding of the Enhancement in Organic Aerosol Mass at High Relative Humidity

Author

Surdu, Mihnea, primary, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Bell, David M., additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Dandan, additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Ataei, Farnoush, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bertozzi, Barbara, additional, Bogert, Pia, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Höhler, Kristina, additional, Korhonen, Kimmo, additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Massabò, Dario, additional, Mauldin, Roy, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, additional, Vogel, Franziska, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Saathoff, Harald, additional, Möhler, Ottmar, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Stratmann, Frank, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Welti, André, additional, Riva, Matthieu, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, and El Haddad, Imad, additional

Published
2023
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25. Supplementary material to "Measurement of the rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber"

Author

Pfeifer, Joschka, primary, Mahfouz, Naser G., additional, Schulze, Ben, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Mirme, Sander, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, and Kirkby, Jasper, additional

Published
2022
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26. Measurement of the rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author

Pfeifer, Joschka, primary, Mahfouz, Naser G., additional, Schulze, Ben, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Mirme, Sander, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, and Kirkby, Jasper, additional

Published
2022
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27. The gas-phase formation mechanism of iodic acid as an atmospheric aerosol source

Author

Finkenzeller, Henning, primary, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Valiev, Rashid, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kemppainen, Deniz, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Krechmer, Jordan, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Kvashnin, Alexandr, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Brioude, Jérome, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kurten, Theo, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, and Volkamer, Rainer, additional

Published
2022
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28. Long-term filter efficiency of mobile air purifiers in schools

Author

Granzin, Manuel, Richter, Sarah, Schrod, Jann, Schubert, Natalie, and Curtius, Joachim

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced many restrictions upon the public, such as the closing of schools, affecting social development and education of children. Here we tested air purifiers with HEPA filters as a measure to reduce the infection risk via airborne transmission during classes. We evaluated the efficiency and long-term performance of three devices over six month of operation at two schools by monitoring the particle decay from 0.003 µm to 10 µm. We found that the particle concentration was reduced reliably and spatially homogenously by 85 – 95% throughout the whole observed particle spectrum within ∼20 minutes for air exchange rates between 4.8 h−1 and 6.7 h−1. During the study we did not observe a clear decline in efficiency or performance of the air purifiers. We complemented our particle measurements with model calculations to estimate the virus concentration and inhaled dose of a susceptible person, assuming one infectious person was present. We calculated that the additional use of air purifiers reduced the number of potentially inhaled viruses at the end of the day by a factor of 2.65 relative to the case without air purifiers. Further, school-wide surveys indicated that the disturbance by the noise level of the air purifiers is to be considered and that the acceptance of air purifiers can be improved when the noise level is reduced. Overall, our study suggests that a combination of air purifiers and venting is a well-suited measure to reduce the potential indoor viral-load while still introducing fresh air into the room.

Published
2023
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29. The ion–ion recombination coefficient α: comparison of temperature- and pressure-dependent parameterisations for the troposphere and stratosphere

Author

Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Curtius, Joachim, and Kürten, Andreas

Abstract

Many different atmospheric, physical, and chemical processes are affected by ions. An important sink for atmospheric ions is the reaction and mutual neutralisation of a positive and negative ion, also called ion–ion recombination. While the value for the ion–ion recombination coefficient α is well-known for standard conditions (namely 1.7 × 10−6 cm3 s−1), it needs to be calculated for deviating temperature and pressure conditions, especially for applications at higher altitudes of the atmosphere. In this work, we review the history of theories and parameterisations of the ion–ion recombination coefficient, focussing on the temperature and pressure dependencies as well as the altitude range between 0 and 50 km. Commencing with theories based on J. J. Thomson's work, we describe important semi-empirical adjustments as well as field, model, and laboratory data sets, followed by short reviews of binary recombination theories, model simulations, and the application of ion–aerosol theories to ion–ion recombination. We present a comparison between theories, parameterisations, and field, model, and laboratory data sets to conclude favourable parameterisations. While many theories agree well with field data above an altitude of approximately 10 km, the nature of the recombination coefficient is still widely unknown between Earth's surface and an altitude of 10 km. According to the current state of knowledge, it appears reasonable to assume an almost constant value for the recombination coefficient for this region, while it is necessary to use values that are adjusted for pressure and temperature for altitudes above 10 km. Suitable parameterisations for different altitude ranges are presented and the need for future research, be it in the laboratory or by means of modelling, is identified.

Published
2022

30. Wissenschaftliche Bewertung des Entwurfs zum HKlimaG

Author

Linow, Sven, Basse, Alexander, Curtius, Joachim, Helbling, Angela Herta, Kuzu, Istemi, Urdze, Sigita, and Wolfermann, Axel

Subjects
Klimaanpassung, Klimaschutz, Hessisches Klimagesetz, HKlimaG
Abstract

Das hessische Kabinett hat in seiner Sitzung am 26.07.2022 den Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Förderung des Klimaschutzes und zur Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels (Klimagesetz) vorgelegt. Auf diesen Entwurf nehmen wir in dieser Stellungnahme Bezug. Mit dem Klimagesetz soll der Beitrag des Landes Hessen zur Erreichung des 2°C-Ziels sichergestellt und die Folgen der Klimaerwärmung abgemildert werden. Wir begrüßen ausdrücklich, dass die Verantwortlichkeiten und Prozesse für Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung gesetzlich geregelt werden sollen. Unsere wissenschaftliche Bewertung zeigt leider, dass der Gesetzesentwurf entscheidende Schwachstellen hat, die verhindern, dass die im Gesetz formulierten Ziele erreicht werden können. Die wichtigsten Schwachstellen sind: Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung müssen als kommunale Pflichtaufgabe verankert werden, denn erst dann besteht die Notwendigkeit für die Kommunen, diese Aufgaben zu bearbeiten, und erst dann werden die Kommunen mit den dafür benötigten Ressourcen ausgestattet. Mit dem jetzt vorgesehenen Finanzierungsvorbehalt und dem Fokus auf freiwillige kurzfristige Förderprogramme sind die Ziele des Gesetzes nicht sicher finanziert. Wir schlagen stattdessen vor, einen Betrag von mindestens 10 % des Landeshaushaltes für Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung im Gesetz verbindlich zu verankern. Der Gesetzesentwurf ist unzureichend bei der Einbeziehung von Emissionen: Alle Emissionen, die mit Produkten und Dienstleistungen für Hessen verbunden sind, aber außerhalb der Landesgrenze stattfinden, müssen berücksichtigt werden, wenn echte Klimaneutralität erreicht werden soll. Dies ist in der derzeitigen Entwurfsfassung nicht der Fall. Auch sehen wir eine zu großzügige Behandlung der vorgesehenenZertifikate. Hier sollte das Gesetz konsistent alle Emissionen einbeziehen (Scope 1 bis 3, siehe unten).

Published
2022
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31. A multi‐layered strategy for COVID ‐19 infection prophylaxis in schools: A review of the evidence for masks, distancing, and ventilation

Author

McLeod, Robert S., primary, Hopfe, Christina J., additional, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, additional, Moriske, Heinz‐Jörn, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Salthammer, Tunga, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Helleis, Frank, additional, Niessner, Jennifer, additional, Herr, Caroline, additional, Klimach, Thomas, additional, Seipp, Martin, additional, Steffens, Thomas, additional, Witt, Christian, additional, and Willich, Stefan N., additional

Published
2022
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33. High Gas-Phase Methanesulfonic Acid Production in the OH-Initiated Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulfide at Low Temperatures

Author

Shen, Jiali, primary, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Zhou, Putian, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Ataei, Farnoush, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Bertozzi, Barbara, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Guida, Roberto, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Kemppainen, Deniz, additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Krechmer, Jordan E., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Massabò, Dario, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Roldin, Pontus, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, additional, Wang, Dongyu, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Wollesen de Jonge, Robin, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Zust, Felix, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Möhler, Ottmar, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, El-Haddad, Imad, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, and Worsnop, Douglas R., additional

Published
2022
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34. Critical Role of Iodous Acid in Neutral Iodine Oxoacid Nucleation

Author

Zhang, Rongjie, primary, Xie, Hong-Bin, additional, Ma, Fangfang, additional, Chen, Jingwen, additional, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Kurtén, Theo, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, and He, Xu-Cheng, additional

Published
2022
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36. An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles

Author

Caudillo, Lucía, primary, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Thoma, Markus, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Buchholz, Angela, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2022
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37. Supplementary material to "An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles"

Author

Caudillo, Lucía, primary, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Thoma, Markus, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Buchholz, Angela, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2022
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38. Numerical simulation of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on tropospheric composition and aerosol radiative forcing in Europe

Author

Reifenberg, Simon F., primary, Martin, Anna, additional, Kohl, Matthias, additional, Bacer, Sara, additional, Hamryszczak, Zaneta, additional, Tadic, Ivan, additional, Röder, Lenard, additional, Crowley, Daniel J., additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Kaiser, Katharina, additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Dörich, Raphael, additional, Crowley, John N., additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Marsing, Andreas, additional, Voigt, Christiane, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Holanda, Bruna A., additional, Krüger, Ovid, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Jöckel, Patrick, additional, Dorf, Marcel, additional, Schumann, Ulrich, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Bohn, Birger, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Harder, Hardwig, additional, Schlager, Hans, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Pozzer, Andrea, additional

Published
2022
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39. Cleaner Skies during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Author

Voigt, Christiane, primary, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, Schlager, Hans, additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Meerkötter, Ralf, additional, Sauer, Daniel, additional, Bugliaro, Luca, additional, Bohn, Birger, additional, Crowley, John N., additional, Erbertseder, Thilo, additional, Groß, Silke, additional, Hahn, Valerian, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Mertens, Mariano, additional, Pöhlker, Mira L., additional, Pozzer, Andrea, additional, Schumann, Ulrich, additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, Andreae, Meinrat, additional, Borrmann, Stephan, additional, Bräuer, Tiziana, additional, Dörich, Raphael, additional, Dörnbrack, Andreas, additional, Edtbauer, Achim, additional, Ernle, Lisa, additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Grewe, Volker, additional, Harder, Hartwig, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Holanda, Bruna A., additional, Jöckel, Patrick, additional, Kaiser, Katharina, additional, Krüger, Ovid O., additional, Lucke, Johannes, additional, Marsing, Andreas, additional, Martin, Anna, additional, Matthes, Sigrun, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Reifenberg, Simon, additional, Ringsdorf, Akima, additional, Scheibe, Monika, additional, Tadic, Ivan, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Henke, Rolf, additional, and Rapp, Markus, additional

Published
2022
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40. Cleaner Skies during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Author

Voigt, Christiane (author), Lelieveld, Jos (author), Schlager, Hans (author), Schneider, Johannes (author), Curtius, Joachim (author), Bohn, Birger (author), Mertens, M. (author), Grewe, V. (author), Lucke, J.R. (author), Voigt, Christiane (author), Lelieveld, Jos (author), Schlager, Hans (author), Schneider, Johannes (author), Curtius, Joachim (author), Bohn, Birger (author), Mertens, M. (author), Grewe, V. (author), and Lucke, J.R. (author)

Abstract

During spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive reductions in emissions from industry and ground and airborne transportation. To explore the resulting atmospheric composition changes, we conducted the BLUESKY campaign with two research aircraft and measured trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. From 16 May to 9 June 2020, we performed 20 flights in the early COVID-19 lockdown phase over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean. We found up to 50% reductions in boundary layer nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban areas from GOME-2B satellite data, along with carbon monoxide reductions in the pollution hot spots. We measured 20%-70% reductions in total reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and fine mode aerosol concentration in profiles over German cities compared to a 10-yr dataset from passenger aircraft. The total aerosol mass was significantly reduced below 5 km altitude, and the organic aerosol fraction also aloft, indicative of decreased organic precursor gas emissions. The reduced aerosol optical thickness caused a perceptible shift in sky color toward the blue part of the spectrum (hence BLUESKY) and increased shortwave radiation at the surface. We find that the 80% decline in air traffic led to substantial reductions in nitrogen oxides at cruise altitudes, in contrail cover, and in resulting radiative forcing. The light extinction and depolarization by cirrus were also reduced in regions with substantially decreased air traffic. General circulation-chemistry model simulations indicate good agreement with the measurements when applying a reduced emission scenario. The comprehensive BLUESKY dataset documents the major impact of anthropogenic emissions on the atmospheric composition., Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects

Published
2022
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41. A multi-layered strategy for COVID-19 infection prophylaxis in schools

Author

McLeod, Robert S., Hopfe, Christina J., Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Moriske, Heinz‐Jörn, Pöschl, Ulrich, Salthammer, Tunga, Curtius, Joachim, Helleis, Frank, Niessner, Jennifer, Herr, Caroline, Klimach, Thomas, Seipp, Martin, Steffens, Thomas, Witt, Christian, Willich, Stefan N., and Publica

Subjects
air purification, masking and physical distancing, infection prophylaxis in school classrooms, natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation
Abstract

Implications for the academic and interpersonal development of children and adolescents underpin a global political consensus to maintain in-classroom teaching during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In support of this aim, the WHO and UNICEF have called for schools around the globe to be made safer from the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Detailed guidance is needed on how this goal can be successfully implemented in a wide variety of educational settings in order to effectively mitigate impacts on the health of students, staff, their families, and society. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current scientific evidence and emerging standards in relation to the use of layered prevention strategies (involving masks, distancing, and ventilation), setting out the basis for their implementation in the school environment. In the presence of increasingly infectious SARS-Cov-2 variants, in-classroom teaching can only be safely maintained through a layered strategy combining multiple protective measures. The precise measures that are needed at any point in time depend upon a number of dynamic factors, including the specific threat-level posed by the circulating variant, the level of community infection, and the political acceptability of the resultant risk. By consistently implementing appropriate prophylaxis measures, evidence shows that the risk of infection from in-classroom teaching can be dramatically reduced. Current studies indicate that wearing high-quality masks and regular testing are amongst the most important measures in preventing infection transmission; whilst effective natural and mechanical ventilation systems have been shown to reduce infection risks in classrooms by over 80%.

Published
2022

42. Survival of newly formed particles in haze conditions

Author

Marten, Ruby, primary, Xiao, Mao, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Bertozzi, Barbara, additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Carracedo, Loïc Gonzalez, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kemppainen, Deniz, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lampimäki, Markus, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Möhler, Ottmar, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, and El Haddad, Imad, additional

Published
2022
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43. Impact of reduced emissions on direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing during COVID–19 lockdown in Europe

Author

Reifenberg, Simon Felix, primary, Martin, Anna, additional, Kohl, Matthias, additional, Hamryszczak, Zaneta, additional, Tadic, Ivan, additional, Röder, Lenard, additional, Crowley, Daniel J., additional, Fischer, Horst, additional, Kaiser, Katharina, additional, Schneider, Johannes, additional, Dörich, Raphael, additional, Crowley, John N., additional, Tomsche, Laura, additional, Marsing, Andreas, additional, Voigt, Christiane, additional, Zahn, Andreas, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Holanda, Bruna, additional, Krüger, Ovid O., additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Jöckel, Patrick, additional, Dorf, Marcel, additional, Schumann, Ulrich, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Harder, Hardwig, additional, Schlager, Hans, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, and Pozzer, Andrea, additional

Published
2021
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44. Chemical composition of nanoparticles from <i>α</i>-pinene nucleation and the influence of isoprene and relative humidity at low temperature

Author

Caudillo, Lucía, primary, Rörup, Birte, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Ataei, Farnoush, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bertozzi, Barbara, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loïc, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan P., additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Massabò, Dario, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Schulze, Benjamin, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Surdu, Mihnea, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vogt, Steffen, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Yonghong, Wang, additional, Yusheng, Wu, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Höhler, Kristina, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Möhler, Ottmar, additional, Saathoff, Harald, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional

Published
2021
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46. Klima Politik Wandel. Wie gestalten wir die Zukunft? : Rückblick(e) auf die Bad Homburg Conference 2021

Author

Moellendorf, Darrel, Curtius, Joachim, and Lutz-Bachmann, Matthias

Subjects
ddc:370, ddc:320
Abstract

Auf der Bad Homburg Conference 2021 wurden ausgewählte Fragen der Klimapolitik aus verschiedenen Perspektiven von internationalen Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik diskutiert. Der UniReport hat einige Stimmen zur Konferenz eingeholt, die jeweils wichtige Erkenntnisse, aber auch Streitpunkte und offene Fragen benennen.

Published
2021

47. The ion-ion recombination coefficient α: Comparison of temperature- and pressure-dependent parameterisations for the troposphere and lower stratosphere.

Author

Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Curtius, Joachim, and Kürten, Andreas

Abstract

Many different atmospheric, physical and chemical processes are affected by ions. An important sink for atmospheric ions is the reaction and mutual neutralisation of a positive and negative ion, also called ion-ion recombination. While the value for the ion-ion recombination coefficient a is well-known for standard conditions (namely 1.7 x 10-6 cm³ s-1, it needs to be calculated for deviating temperature and pressure conditions, especially for applications at higher altitudes of the atmosphere. In this work, we review the history of theories and parameterisations of the ion-ion recombination coefficient, focussing on the temperature and pressure dependencies and on the altitude range of between 0 and 20 km. Commencing with theories based on J. J. Thomson's work, we describe important semi-empirical adjustments as well as field, model and laboratory data sets, followed by a short review of physical theories that take the microscopic processes during recombination into account, including a molecular dynamics approach. We present a comparison between all theories, parameterisations, field, model, and laboratory data sets to conclude on a favourable parameterisation. While many theories agree well with field data above approximately 10 km altitude, the nature of the recombination coefficient is still widely unknown between Earth's surface and an altitude of 10 km. According to the current state of knowledge, it appears most reasonable to assume a constant value for the recombination coefficient for this region, while we recommend using a parameterisation for altitudes above 10 km. Overall, the parameterisation of Brasseur and Chatel (1983) shows the most convincing results. The need for future research, be it in the laboratory or by means of modelling, is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3upper tropospheric particle formation

Author

Wang, Mingyi, Xiao, Mao, Bertozzi, Barbara, Marie, Guillaume, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Bardakov, Roman, He, Xu-Cheng, Shen, Jiali, Scholz, Wiebke, Marten, Ruby, Dada, Lubna, Baalbaki, Rima, Lopez, Brandon, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Manninen, Hanna E., Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Bogert, Pia, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, De Menezes, Louis-Philippe, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ekman, Annica M. L., Finkenzeller, Henning, Carracedo, Loïc Gonzalez, Granzin, Manuel, Guida, Roberto, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Höhler, Kristina, Korhonen, Kimmo, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kürten, Andreas, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Massabò, Dario, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Pozzer, Andrea, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Schervish, Meredith, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Simon, Mario, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, António, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Vogel, Franziska, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Dongyu S., Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Sipilä, Mikko, Winkler, Paul M., Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Riipinen, Ilona, Gordon, Hamish, Lelieveld, Jos, El-Haddad, Imad, Volkamer, Rainer, Worsnop, Douglas R., Christoudias, Theodoros, Kirkby, Jasper, Möhler, Ottmar, and Donahue, Neil M.

Abstract

New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)1–4. However, the precursor vapours that drive the process are not well understood. With experiments performed under upper tropospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we show that nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than those from any two of the three components. The importance of this mechanism depends on the availability of ammonia, which was previously thought to be efficiently scavenged by cloud droplets during convection. However, surprisingly high concentrations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate have recently been observed in the upper troposphere over the Asian monsoon region5,6. Once particles have formed, co-condensation of ammonia and abundant nitric acid alone is sufficient to drive rapid growth to CCN sizes with only trace sulfate. Moreover, our measurements show that these CCN are also highly efficient ice nucleating particles—comparable to desert dust. Our model simulations confirm that ammonia is efficiently convected aloft during the Asian monsoon, driving rapid, multi-acid HNO3–H2SO4–NH3nucleation in the upper troposphere and producing ice nucleating particles that spread across the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere.

Published
2022
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49. The impact of ammonia on particle formation in the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer.

Author

Xenofontos C, Kohl M, Ruhl S, Almeida J, Beckmann HM, Caudillo-Plath L, Ehrhart S, Höhler K, Kaniyodical Sebastian M, Kong W, Kunkler F, Onnela A, Rato P, Russell DM, Simon M, Stark L, Umo NS, Unfer GR, Yang B, Yu W, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Zgheib I, Zheng Z, Curtius J, Donahue NM, El Haddad I, Flagan RC, Gordon H, Harder H, He XC, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Möhler O, Pöhlker ML, Schobesberger S, Volkamer R, Wang M, Borrmann S, Pozzer A, Lelieveld J, and Christoudias T

Abstract

During summer, ammonia emissions in Southeast Asia influence air pollution and cloud formation. Convective transport by the South Asian monsoon carries these pollutant air masses into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where they accumulate under anticyclonic flow conditions. This air mass accumulation is thought to contribute to particle formation and the development of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Despite the known influence of ammonia and particulate ammonium on air pollution, a comprehensive understanding of the ATAL is lacking. In this modelling study, the influence of ammonia on particle formation is assessed with emphasis on the ATAL. We use the EMAC chemistry-climate model, incorporating new particle formation parameterisations derived from experiments at the CERN CLOUD chamber. Our diurnal cycle analysis confirms that new particle formation mainly occurs during daylight, with a 10-fold enhancement in rate. This increase is prominent in the South Asian monsoon UTLS, where deep convection introduces high ammonia levels from the boundary layer, compared to a baseline scenario without ammonia. Our model simulations reveal that this ammonia-driven particle formation and growth contributes to an increase of up to 80% in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at cloud-forming heights in the South Asian monsoon region. We find that ammonia profoundly influences the aerosol mass and composition in the ATAL through particle growth, as indicated by an order of magnitude increase in nitrate levels linked to ammonia emissions. However, the effect of ammonia-driven new particle formation on aerosol mass in the ATAL is relatively small. Ammonia emissions enhance the regional aerosol optical depth (AOD) for shortwave solar radiation by up to 70%. We conclude that ammonia has a pronounced effect on the ATAL development, composition, the regional AOD, and CCN concentrations., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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50. Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere.

Author

He XC, Simon M, Iyer S, Xie HB, Rörup B, Shen J, Finkenzeller H, Stolzenburg D, Zhang R, Baccarini A, Tham YJ, Wang M, Amanatidis S, Piedehierro AA, Amorim A, Baalbaki R, Brasseur Z, Caudillo L, Chu B, Dada L, Duplissy J, El Haddad I, Flagan RC, Granzin M, Hansel A, Heinritzi M, Hofbauer V, Jokinen T, Kemppainen D, Kong W, Krechmer J, Kürten A, Lamkaddam H, Lopez B, Ma F, Mahfouz NGA, Makhmutov V, Manninen HE, Marie G, Marten R, Massabò D, Mauldin RL, Mentler B, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Pfeifer J, Philippov M, Ranjithkumar A, Rissanen MP, Schobesberger S, Scholz W, Schulze B, Surdu M, Thakur RC, Tomé A, Wagner AC, Wang D, Wang Y, Weber SK, Welti A, Winkler PM, Zauner-Wieczorek M, Baltensperger U, Curtius J, Kurtén T, Worsnop DR, Volkamer R, Lehtipalo K, Kirkby J, Donahue NM, Sipilä M, and Kulmala M

Abstract

The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), stabilized by ammonia (NH 3 ). However, in marine and polar regions, NH 3 is generally low, and H 2 SO 4 is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIO x , i.e., iodic acid (HIO 3 ) and iodous acid (HIO 2 )]. In experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated the interplay of H 2 SO 4 and HIO x during atmospheric particle nucleation. We found that HIO x greatly enhances H 2 SO 4 (-NH 3 ) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO 3 strongly binds with H 2 SO 4 in charged clusters so they drive particle nucleation synergistically. Second, HIO 2 substitutes for NH 3 , forming strongly bound H 2 SO 4 -HIO 2 acid-base pairs in molecular clusters. Global observations imply that HIO x is enhancing H 2 SO 4 (-NH 3 ) nucleation rates 10- to 10,000-fold in marine and polar regions.

Published
2023
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