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[Purpose/Significance] The modern courier industry is developing rapidly and the demand for courier services is increasing. A large amount of personal information is involved in parcel waybills, and even if privacy waybills are used, there is still a risk of personal information exposure. This study attempts to examine whether invisible face slips in the courier industry can effectively protect users' personal information in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Law implemented in November 2021 in China, and to propose feasible suggestions for the protection of personal information within the courier industry. [Method/Process] This study selected 9 major courier companies in China as the research object, and investigated and compared the courier agreement terms and privacy waybills by collecting each courier company. By comparing the terms of express agreement of each courier company, we investigated the perception and definition of personal sensitive information of the 9 major courier companies, and studied the general understanding and difference between personal information and personal sensitive information within the courier industry. By further comparing the invisible face sheet standards of each courier company and within the courier companies, we investigated the differences in the anonymization of parcel waybills and studied the implementation of invisible face sheet standards and differences in the courier industry. After completing the above investigation, the effectiveness of the courier industry in terms of personal information protection was compared by designing a personal information protection index and analyzing the variability among courier companies and within courier companies. [Results/Conclusions] The study found that there is no unified standard in the implementation of privacy waybills in China's courier industry, and the perception of sensitive personal information has not been unified, resulting in the phenomenon of different standards of privacy waybills among courier companies. The phenomenon of different invisible face sheet standards exists not only among courier companies, but also within courier companies. The specific problems are revealed by the different regionalization of invisible face sheet standards within courier companies, and this study classifies the degree of personal information protection into 3 levels, namely excellent, good and dangerous, with the excellent region of East China. In response to the phenomenon of different invisible face sheet standards in the courier industry, China needs to develop a special courier industry standard to reduce the problem of exposing users' personal information and form an information association with the different invisible face sheet standards implemented in parcel waybills. The study also found that the degree of impact and sensitivity of personal information varies in the use scenarios of different industries, and the Personal Information Protection Law has a broad definition of personal sensitive information, which requires the development of special definition standards depending on the circumstances of each industry to further strengthen the protection of personal information in China. This paper puts forward 3 feasible suggestions to address the above issues: first, to clarify the personal sensitive information involved in privacy waybills; second, to build a unified privacy waybill standard within the express industry; and third, to strengthen the implementation of promoting the unified standard.

Medicago truncatula is a key model plant for studying legume plants, particularly alfalfa (Medicago sativa), due to its well-defined genetic background. Plant-specific GASA (Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Arabidopsis) genes play various roles in plant growth and development, abiotic stress, and hormone responses. However, limited information is available on GASA research in Medicago. In this study, 26 MtGASAs were identified and analyzed for its structure, evolution, and expressions. Sequence alignments and phylogeny revealed that 26 MtGASAs containing conserved GASA domains were classified into three clades. The chromosomal locations and gene synteny revealed segmental and tandem repetition evolution. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicates that family members likely influence various hormone signaling pathways and stress-related mechanisms. Moreover, the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that 26 MtGASAs were extensively involved in abiotic stresses and hormone responses. Notably, seven MtGASA genes (MtGASA1, 10, 12, 17, 23, 25 and 26) were all dramatically activated by NaCl and Mannitol treatments, and four MtGASAs (MtGASA7, 10, 23 and 24) were significant activated by GA3, PBZ, ABA, and MeJA treatments. Collectively, this study is the first to identify and describe GASA genes in Medicago on a genome-wide scale. The results establish a basis for functional characterization, showing that these proteins are essential in responding to various abiotic stresses and hormonal signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythms are driven by daily oscillations of gene expression. An important tool for studying cellular and tissue circadian rhythms is the use of a gene reporter, such as bioluminescence from the reporter gene luciferase controlled by a rhythmically expressed gene of interest. Here we describe methods that allow measurement of circadian bioluminescence from a freely moving mouse housed in a standard cage. Using a LumiCycle In Vivo (Actimetrics), we determined conditions that allow detection of circadian rhythms of bioluminescence from the PER2 reporter, PER2::LUC, in freely behaving mice. The LumiCycle In Vivo applies a background subtraction that corrects for effects of room temperature on photomultiplier tube (PMT) output. We tested delivery of d-luciferin via a subcutaneous minipump and in the drinking water. We demonstrate spikes in bioluminescence associated with drinking bouts. Further, we demonstrate that a synthetic luciferase substrate, CycLuc1, can support circadian rhythms of bioluminescence, even when delivered at a lower concentration than d-luciferin, and can support longer-term studies. A small difference in phase of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythms, with females phase leading males, can be detected with this technique. We share our analysis scripts and suggestions for further improvements in this method. This approach will be straightforward to apply to mice with tissue-specific reporters, allowing insights into responses of specific peripheral clocks to perturbations such as environmental or pharmacological manipulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]