Search

Refereed/Peer-reviewed The concept of empowerment emphasises the role of individual agency in fostering the internal growth of power, with the belief that only individuals can increase their power and achieve well-being. This research note critically examines the role of Islamic beliefs in the process of empowerment among Muslim micro-entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry. This is crucial because Islam, teaches that God is the omnipotent force that controls every aspect of human existence, which may not align with the notion of individual agency. Using data gathered from twenty-five unstructured online interviews with street food vendors in Bandung, Indonesia, this research note offers a perspective on how Islamic beliefs influence the empowerment process of Muslim street food vendors. The results show that Islamic beliefs affect street food vendors’ motivations and positive thinking, which contribute to their empowerment.

Properties of the surface mixed layer (ML) are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere–sea ice–ocean interactions in the changing Arctic Ocean. Mooring measurements are typically unable to resolve the ML in the Arctic due to the need for instruments to remain below the surface to avoid contact with sea ice and icebergs. Here, we use measurements from a series of three moorings installed for one year in the Beaufort Sea to demonstrate that upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) installed on subsurface floats can be used to estimate ML properties. A method is developed for combining measured peaks in acoustic backscatter and inertial shear from the ADCPs to estimate the ML depth. Additionally, we use an inverse sound speed model to infer the summer ML temperature based on offsets in ADCP altimeter distance during open-water periods. The ADCP estimates of ML depth and ML temperature compare favorably with measurements made from mooring temperature sensors, satellite SST, and from an autonomous Seaglider. These methods could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover additional information about ML property changes and variability.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Academics have long regarded air travel as vital to pursuing a successful career. Meanwhile, many academics are at the frontline of climate change science and advocate the urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The conflict between combating global warming and high aeromobility practices traps academics in a loop of hypocrisy. However, COVID-19 presents an opportunity for academics to advance their research and careers with reduced aeromobility. This research investigates how academics have adapted to virtual working experiences during COVID-19 and the implications for establishing changes in aeromobility practices. Informed by the theory of practice change, this paper reports the findings of a comprehensive survey and interview programme in New Zealand. It provides insights into the prospects for reduced aeromobility and the institutional policy frameworks required to embed a new normal, considering the unique circumstances faced by academics working at geographically remote institutions. The findings reveal that instead of being trapped in a loop of hypocrisy, New Zealand academics face a moral quandary in being concerned about climate change and wishing to reduce aeromobility practices, while wanting to avoid compromising career success. Recommendations for academics to face this moral quandary and their institutions to support practice change are proposed.

The Davis Strait, located in Southern Baffin Bay between Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is a key gateway of oceanic exchange between the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Large fluxes of fresh Arctic Waters through the Davis Strait potentially influence deep-water formation in the Labrador Sea, with implications for the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. From 2004-2017, and 2020-present, ocean temperatures, salinities, and velocities have been measured along a moored array spanning the entire strait, allowing for ocean transports to be assessed over both the continental shelves and central channel. Here we will present new data from 2011-2017, extending the previously published data for 2004-2010. Furthermore, the whole record has been updated, filling spatial and short temporal data gaps using average temperature, salinity, and velocity sections from high resolution Seaglider surveys from 2004 to 2010. These updated volume, freshwater, and watermass transports will increase understanding of changing oceanic conditions in Baffin Bay, as well as local and remote physical mechanisms that govern the Davis Strait throughflow on synoptic to interannual timescales.

Interactions between the upper ocean and air-ice-ocean fluxes in the Southern Ocean play a critical role in global climate by impacting the overturning circulation and oceanic heat and carbon uptake. Remote and challenging conditions have led to sparse observational coverage, while ongoing field programmes often fail to collect sufficient information in the right place or at the time-space scales required to constrain the variability occurring in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Only within the last 10 years have we been able to directly observe and assess the role of the fine-scale ocean and rapidly evolving atmospheric marine boundary layer on the upper limb of the Southern Ocean's overturning circulation. This review summarizes advances in mechanistic understanding, arising in part from observational programmes using autonomous platforms, of the fine-scale processes (1–100 km, hours-seasons) influencing the Southern Ocean mixed layer and its variability. We also review progress in observing the ocean interior connections and the coupled interactions between the ocean, atmosphere and cryosphere that moderate air-sea fluxes of heat and carbon. Most examples provided are for the ice-free Southern Ocean, while major challenges remain for observing the ice-covered ocean. We attempt to elucidate contemporary research gaps and ongoing/future efforts needed to address them. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.

Observations of sea ice and the upper ocean from three moorings in the Beaufort Sea quantify atmosphere-ice-ocean momentum transfer, with a particular focus on the inertial-frequency response. Seasonal variations in the strength of mixed layer (ML) inertial oscillations suggest that sea ice damps momentum transfer from the wind to the ocean, such that the oscillation strength is minimal under sea ice cover. In contrast, the net Ekman transport is unimpacted by the presence of sea ice. The mooring measurements are interpreted with a simplified one-dimensional ice-ocean coupled “slab” model. The model results provide insight into the drivers of the inertial seasonality: namely, that a combination of both sea ice internal stress and ocean ML depth contribute to the seasonal variability of inertial surface currents and inertial sea ice drift, while under-ice roughness does not. Furthermore, the importance of internal stress in damping inertial oscillations is different at each moorings, with a minimal influence at the southernmost mooring (within the seasonal ice zone) and more influence at the northernmost mooring. As the Arctic shifts to a more seasonal sea ice regime, changes in sea ice cover and sea ice internal strength may impact inertial-band ice-ocean coupling and allow for an increase in wind forcing to the ocean.

This study was undertaken to develop understandings of the self-empowerment process of a marginalised community within the hospitality industry. The majority of studies have focused on top-down empowerment programs designed by institutions or individuals with more power, aimed at power re-distribution. This is problematic because power cannot be spread; it can only be exercised within individuals. In comparison, little attention has been given to the actual empowerment process that occurs inside empowered individuals. Street food vendors were chosen as the study sample because they and their businesses are marginalised in society and the hospitality industry. This study employs the critical paradigm, which focuses on transforming the lives of marginalised communities. A qualitative research design was utilised, consisting of 25 online unstructured interviews with street food vendors in Indonesia. The interview data was analysed using thematic analysis. The results identified three themes representing the process of self-empowerment within the street food vendors (i.e. consciousness, autonomy, and agency). Additionally, while external support (tangible and/or intangible) to aid empowerment is necessary, this should not be generalised, as each individual faces unique barriers. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This study investigates the motivational effects of entrepreneurial desires and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as drivers of entrepreneurial intentions in tourism and hospitality (T&H) students. Additionally, the antecedents of entrepreneurial desires, such as anticipated emotions and entrepreneurial role models, are explored to understand motivational processes that lead to entrepreneurial intentions. Data from 177 surveys of T&H students in New Zealand were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to test the study’s hypotheses. The results found that ESE and entrepreneurial desires directly influenced entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, the effect of entrepreneurial desires on entrepreneurial intentions was partially mediated by ESE. Also, entrepreneurial role models significantly predicted T&H student’s ESE and entrepreneurial desires. Finally, positive anticipated emotions predicted T&H student’s entrepreneurial desires. The study provides important implications to theory and practice to promote entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality education. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This article investigated the codestruction of cultural significance through the cocreation and evolution of a hallmark cultural event, using the Songkran Festival, Thailand, as a case study. The Songkran Festival began within an agricultural society rooted in Buddhist cultural inheritance. Traditionally, Thai people cocreated the celebration by offering food to monks ( Puñña ), and releasing fish or birds on Maha Songkran (i. e., the last day of the previous year) in April. They built sand pagodas or Chedi Sai at Buddhist temples to compensate for sand that was removed under their feet over the previous year. They also reunited with family by traveling back to their hometowns to pay respects to family elders and ancestors. After that, they would pour water from a silver bowl onto each other's shoulders as a sign of blessing, and the water represented wishes for good rainfall for the New Year's harvest. The cocreation between tourism sectors, local businesses, and the festival stakeholders transformed festivities into foam parties, special events, and leisure activities to stimulate tourism demand and to generate economic benefit. Consequently, these new celebrating practices codestructed the cultural significance and core values of the Songkran Festival. Therefore, this study sought to understand the evolution and cocreation phenomena in the festival that leads to codestruction of its cultural significance and core values through document analysis and semistructured interviews. The findings were thematically reported into four crucial themes that present key characteristics of codestructed cultural significance in the Songkran Festival: social change, public participation, the proliferation of leisure activities for economic gain, and commercialization of the Songkran Festival. The implications of this study contribute to expanding the understanding of the coexistence between cocreation and codestruction phenomena in cultural events.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Based on the understanding that every vendor is an independent agent with unique interests and values, this study explores the meaning of success and failure for street food vendors. Twenty-five online unstructured interviews with active and former street food vendors were conducted. Thematic analysis was utilised to identify various definitions of success and failure. In this modern society, capitalism has had a strong influence on how entrepreneurs view success and failure. However, this study found that the meaning of success and failure for street food vendors can be individually specific and complex. The definition of success for street food vendors includes better quality of life, business growth, and altruistic goals. In comparison, street food vendors defined failure as business failure and personal economic failure. These definitions should be seen as interrelated concepts, with vendors having multiple perceptions of success and failure.

Managing Tourism Enterprises: Start-up, Growth and Resilience brings a new contribution to the literature on tourism management. It presents a comprehensive, educational text on the initiation, management, growth, performance and resilience of tourism enterprises in the age of digital disruption and global uncertainty. The book addresses the unique characteristics of tourism enterprises, how they are created, how they are managed, the factors that drive business performance, and how they must be innovative, resilient and adaptable in order to succeed. The content draws on empirical research, grey literature, government data and case studies to present theoretical and practical knowledge on the successful management of tourism enterprises and their role in tourism destinations. This book describes and includes essential business planning and teaching tools, such as:· The feasibility analysis, marketing plan, and strategic planning tools.· Lecture slides for each chapter.· Case studies with discussion questions. This is an essential book for undergraduate students completing 2nd and 3rd year courses on tourism management, with a focus on managing tourism enterprises; and postgraduate students undertaking courses specific to strategy and performance of tourism firms.

This case study investigates factors that contribute to the success of street food vendors based on interviews with vendors in Bandung, Indonesia. The study found that success for street food vendors is not exclusively related to gaining more financial and/or material possessions. Success can also be related to their business, individual and family well-being, and contribution to the community. The findings also show that achieving success for street food vendors can be attributed to several factors: networks, product and service quality, positive attitudes, and the utilization of technology.

Introduction This case study investigates factors that contribute to the success of street food vendors based on interviews with vendors in Bandung, Indonesia. The study found that success for street food vendors is not exclusively related to gaining more financial and/or material possessions. Success can also be related to their business, individual and family well-being, and contribution to the community. The findings also show that achieving success for street food vendors can be attributed to several factors: networks, product and service quality, positive attitudes, and the utilization of technology.

As primary producers of knowledge, academics are required to create and disseminate research. The advent of internationalisation has given great emphasis to the importance of travel as it pertains to the success of an academic career and the international standing of an institution. However, academics who are highly aeromobile—particularly researchers working in the field of climate change—are now facing allegations of hypocrisy that in some cases may compromise the efficacy of their (climate) research. The novelty of this chapter arises from the application of the cultures framework to the study of academic air travel. It highlights three key elements—cognitive norms, practices and material culture. In this chapter, the cultures framework is adopted to provide a structure within which to consider individual and institutional pathways to achieve a reduction in academic flying. By exploring the interplay of cognitive norms, practices, material culture, support and barriers, the gap between academic theory and institutional realities and practices can be systematically explored and fully elaborated. Furthermore, in doing so, academics may be encouraged to engage in critical self-reflection of the cognitive dissonance between personal intentions to reduce air miles and behaviours to the contrary.

The current study evaluated the degree to which nature-based physical activity (NPA) influenced two distinct types of psychological wellbeing: hedonic wellbeing and eudaimonic wellbeing. The type of motivation an individual experiences for physical activity, and the extent to which individuals have a sense of relatedness with nature, have been shown to influence the specific type of psychological wellbeing that is experienced as a result of NPA. However, the role of these two variables in the relationship between NPA and psychological wellbeing has not been examined. Thus, this study assessed the potential mediating influence of (1) motivational quality and (2) nature relatedness on the relationships between NPA and hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, respectively. Participants (N = 262) completed an online survey assessing hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, NPA, intrinsic motivation, autonomous extrinsic motivation, and nature relatedness. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Results showed that motivational quality and nature relatedness both fully mediated the relationships between NPA and hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Specifically, intrinsic motivation positively mediated the relationship between NPA and hedonic wellbeing. Autonomous extrinsic motivation and nature relatedness positively mediated the relationship between NPA and eudaimonic wellbeing. These findings suggest that the associations between NPA and eudaimonic wellbeing and hedonic wellbeing, respectively, are driven by different mechanisms relating to an individual’s (1) underlying motivation and (2) sense of connection to nature. These findings suggest that promoting distinct types of wellbeing (hedonic vs. eudaimonic) through NPA requires distinct approaches. Emphasising enjoyment, pleasure, and positive kinaesthetic experiences within NPA may be more conducive to hedonic wellbeing, while highlighting opportunities for connecting with nature or experiencing valued outcomes of NPA may be more conducive to eudaimonic wellbeing.

This study uses an exploratory supply-side approach to understand the nexus of tradition, modernity, and innovation in the restaurant SME sector. It conducted 35 in-depth interviews with restaurant owners in Sardinia, Italy to determine: (1) how they defined what a traditional and modern restaurant was, and (2) what the patterns of innovation in these restaurant categories were. ‘Tradition’ was aligned with local dishes that represented a region’s gastronomy, while ‘modern’ was associated with the innovativeness of the chef. ‘Hybridity’ involved modifying local dishes with contemporary techniques while maintaining tradition. Moreover, the three restaurant types exhibited different innovation patterns and outcomes. The study contributes new knowledge of what represents a traditional, modern, and hybrid restaurant from a supply-side perspective. It also uncovers nuances within innovation patterns among different restaurant categories. The findings can help restaurateurs enhance their brand positioning and manage the innovation process effectively to achieve a competitive advantage. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

usc Using the developmental theory of place attachment, this study evaluates several psychological antecedents of tourist intention to recommend a heritage site. Specifically, self-concept, motivation, positive, and negative emotions are evaluated as determinants of place attachment, tourist satisfaction and intention to recommend. We test a proposed theoretical model on a sample of 500 visitors (250 international and 250 domestic) to Su Nuraxi, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Sardinia, Italy. The results supported 11 of the 14 hypothesized relationships. Self-concept had a significant and positive relationship with tourist motivation, satisfaction and place attachment, highlighting its conceptual importance in the heritage tourism context. Tourist motivation had a significant and positive effect on positive emotions, and also exerted a positive effect on negative emotions. Visitor type moderated only the relationship between tourist motivation and negative emotions. The findings have both theoretical and managerial implications, particularly for heritage site management, marketing and destination management. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Refereed/Peer-reviewed The empowerment of local communities has been a popular buzzword to assess the success of tourism development. However, there is concern regarding the implementation of empowerment in this industry, resulting in some problematic issues in developing tourist destinations. In response, this paper provides a critical analysis of empowerment programs initiated by external organisations in the tourism industry to develop a better understanding of how to achieve empowerment of marginalised individuals and groups. This conceptual paper argues that the most crucial component of empowerment is the agency of the empowered people so they can be self-directed.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed The high carbon emissions arising from academic air travel has become a priority issue for university sustainability programmes. However, efforts to mitigate academic air travel emissions requires the commitment and attention of a range of actors. It is essential to comprehensively identify and understand the factors affecting academics’ established aeromobility as a critical step towards system-wide practice change. This research explores this issue by proposing a practice-based academic flying framework and empirically applying the framework. This research found that cognitive norms are the key to affecting academic air travel decisions. The change of cognitive norms depends on collective action of all stakeholders. The empirical application allows the framework to align with university practices and provide stakeholders with a sufficient understanding of factors affecting academic air travel practices. We conclude with a call for all stakeholders to collaboratively create an environment that supports academics through a period of post-COVID practice transition.

This study examines the effects of a health star rating system on the attitudes of consumers and their purchase intentions towards beverage products sold in hospitality venues. Previous studies linking health ratings to the food and beverages of consumers mainly focus on fast-moving consumer goods and retail purchasing. However, purchasing patterns in hospitality and foodservice environments are distinct as consumers may be less concerned about health and more interested in the dining experience. Thus, this research focuses on: (1) whether the presence of health star ratings on beverage products influences the willingness of consumers to purchase in the context of the hospitality industry, and (2) identifying the demographic and psychographic factors influencing these behavioural intentions. Using Ordinary Least Squares regression to analyse data from an e-survey of 1021 consumers in Australia and New Zealand, the study found that health star ratings do have an impact on the willingness of consumers to purchase healthy beverages. Specifically, psychographic segmentation around ‘health goals’ is far more pertinent to understanding purchase behaviour in a hospitality setting than age, gender, income, or country. The findings present new insights into the importance of health star labelling on beverages and the purchase intentions of consumers. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Autonomous systems, including gliders, floats, and propeller-driven AUVs, require navigation under Arctic ice to be able to geolocate during their missions. In addition, acoustic communications provides for unidirectional or bidirectional data and command flow with the autonomous systems. Over the past ten years, steady progress has been made on implementing and demonstrating these acoustic systems in the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska. The eventual goal is a multi-frequency capability that uses 35 Hz for very long range navigation, 900 Hz for long-range navigation and communications, plus 10 kHz for close-range use. The different frequencies offer different advantages, and each is used accordingly. At 35 Hz, navigation transmissions span the water-column and survive reflection from the underside of the ice, allowing pan-Arctic ranges. The 900 Hz navigation and communications signals persist in the shallow (150 m) duct in the Beaufort at ranges up to several hundred kilometers, which is useful for under-ice survey transits. Finally, at 10 kHz, compressed data can be off-loaded and new mission files transferred via buoys on the ice. Recent work in 2021 and 2022 has continued to develop these capabilities, and this talk summarizes results and describes future directions.