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Purpose - The Latin American Society of Immunodeficiencies (LASID) Registry was established in 2009 to collect data on Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) patients in the region. Although several reports have been published regarding LASID data, this is the first report of the entire dataset. Methods - The European Society of Immunodeficiencies (ESID) donated the online platform in 2008. Data was collected from participating centers from Apr 13, 2009, to Dec 31, 2022, and included demographic, clinical, and follow-up information. Results - A total of 9307 patients were included in the database. At the end of the study period, 8,805 patients were alive or lost to follow-up, and 502 were deceased. The most common type of IEI was predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD, 60.35%), and selective IgA deficiency was the most frequent diagnosis (1627 patients, 17.48%), followed by Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID, 1191 patients). Most patients (78.16%) were ≤ 18 years old at inclusion, and the median age at diagnosis was 4.77 years. The median time to diagnosis was 5.04 years. Antibiotics were prescribed in 32.3% of visits, followed by immunoglobulins (29.49% ). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 5.03% of patients. Omenn syndrome was the most common disease in deceased patients, with a mortality rate of 52.63%. Conclusion - This study contributes to our understanding of IEIs in Latin America and highlights the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate treatments, and improved data collection to optimize patient outcome., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare genetic disorder leading to neurological defects, telangiectasias, and immunodeficiency. We aimed to study the clinical and immunological features of Latin American patients with AT and analyze factors associated with mortality. Referral centers from 9 Latin American countries participated in this retrospective cohort study, and 218 patients were included.  Median (IQR) ages at symptom onset and diagnosis were 1.0 (1.0-2.0)  and 5.0 (3.0-8.0) years, respectively. Most patients presented recurrent airway infections, which was significantly associated with IgA deficiency. IgA deficiency was observed in 60.8% of patients and IgG deficiency in 28.6%. T- and B-lymphopenias were also present in most cases. Mean survival was 24.2 years, and Kaplan-Meier 20-year-survival rate was 52.6%, with higher mortality associated with female gender and low IgG levels. These findings suggest that immunologic status should be investigated in all patients with AT., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID, is a pediatric emergency that represents the most critical group of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Affected infants present with early onset life-threatening infections due to absent or non-functional T cells. Without early diagnosis and curative treatment, most die in early infancy. As most affected infants appear healthy at birth, newborn screening (NBS) is essential to identify and treat patients before the onset of symptoms. Here, we report 47 Brazilian patients investigated between 2009 and 2020 for SCID due to either a positive family history and/or clinical impression and low TRECs. Based on clinical presentation, laboratory finding, and genetic information, 24 patients were diagnosed as typical SCID, 14 as leaky SCID, and 6 as Omenn syndrome; 2 patients had non-SCID IEI, and 1 remained undefined. Disease onset median age was 2 months, but at the time of diagnosis and treatment, median ages were 6.5 and 11.5 months, respectively, revealing considerable delay which affected negatively treatment success. While overall survival was 51.1%, only 66.7% (30/45) lived long enough to undergo hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which was successful in 70% of cases. Forty-three of 47 (91.5%) patients underwent genetic testing, with a 65.1% success rate. Even though our patients did not come from the NBS programs, the diagnosis of SCID improved in Brazil during the pilot programs, likely due to improved medical education. However, we estimate that at least 80% of SCID cases are still missed. NBS-SCID started to be universally implemented in the city of São Paulo in May 2021, and it is our hope that other cities will follow, leading to early diagnosis and higher survival of SCID patients in Brazil., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)