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Thread herrings (Opisthonema spp.) are economically important fish species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Knowledge of the parasitofauna of commercially exploited species is useful as it can increase our understanding of fish biology and ecology. However, our knowledge of the parasites of Opisthonema spp. is limited. During a fisheries exploration survey in April 2022, samples of Opisthonema bulleri and O. libertate were collected from three oceanographic stations in the Gulf of Tehuantepec in the Mexican Pacific. Parasitological analysis of these materials uncovered four parasite species: Myosaccium ecaude (Trematoda), Cribromazocraes sp. (Monogenea), Pseudoterranova sp. (Nematoda), and an unidentified crustacean of the family Pennellidae (Copepoda). All these species appeared rarely, except for M. ecaude, which reached a prevalence of 100%. The median intensity of M. ecaude infection was significantly higher in O. bulleri than in O. libertate. We analyzed the relationship between parasitic infection intensity and three host traits (fork length, body weight, and age). Only body weight showed a significant positive association with intensity. Future studies are required to analyze the possible effects of seasonality, locality, and host ontogeny on the occurrence of M. ecaude in thread herrings in the Tropical Eastern Pacific.

The Threadfin Shad (Dorosoma petenense) is a euryhaline fish species that is widely distributed across freshwater systems in the lowlands of the Nearctic and the northern Neotropics with a distributional break at the Easternmost portion of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). This region has been recognized as a biogeographic barrier for D. petenense and it has been suggested that populations distributed North and South of the TMVB might represent independent lineages. Here we tested the hypothesis that the TMVB acted as a vicariant barrier splitting D. petenense into “Nearctic” and “Neotropical” lineages using one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci. We investigated phylogeographic patterns across the distribution of D. petenense using phylogenetic, spatial clustering, and population differentiation analyses. We identified cryptic diversity within D. petenense, phylogenetic analyses identified two nuclear and three mitochondrial lineages, whereas spatial clustering analyses identified four genetic clusters. The geographic boundaries of the lineages and genetic clusters coupled with population differentiation analyses reject our main hypothesis that the TMVB acted as a biogeographic barrier for D. petenense. Further work with widespread species combining genomic scale markers and paleoclimate reconstructions will help to better understand the complex evolutionary history of the fish fauna in the northern Neotropics.

Anadromous river herring have declined in many parts of their range, leading to fisheries management efforts to help repopulate this species by improving connectivity of rivers and restoring populations by fish transfers. With data lacking on parasites in these species, this study sought to better understand myxozoans across various life stages and habitats in river herring populations in New Jersey, USA. We compared fish from riverine habitats during early-life growth and adults returning to spawn, marine-phase fish, and landlocked Alewife populations. Three myxozoan species were identified in young-of-the-year (YOY) anadromous river herring, including Kudoa clupeidae in the skeletal musculature, Myxobolus mauriensis in the rib cartilage, and an uncharacterized coelozoic myxozoan within the lumen of mesonephric tubules. In YOY river herring, Blueback Herring were 2 times more likely to be infected by K. clupeidae than Alewife (p = 0.019) and in the Maurice River, fish were 4 times more likely to be infected with M. mauriensis than fish from Great Egg Harbor River (p = 0.000) and 11 times more likely than the Delaware River (p = 0.001). Spawning adult river herring were infected with a previously undescribed myxozoan parasite infecting the kidney. Sequencing the 18S rDNA indicated this species is closely related to Ortholinea species. Myxobolus mauriensis and the Ortholinea-like species were absent from marine-phase river herring indicating that infections were linked to river environments occurring during early-life growth and spawning, respectively. No myxozoans were present in landlocked Alewife, showing that similar infections occurring in rivers were absent in lake environments in the region.

CT scans of a couple Harengula jaguana

Clupeidae indet. Fig. 13H Remarks Clupeid otoliths are rare in the collection in terms of their numeric abundance in the associations, but they were found across different regions and ages. The mentioned specimen is an example of such a small otolith, well recognizable as a clupeid, but it does not allow a more precise assignment. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution Lutetian: “Stone City beds”, Texas; Dobys Bluff Tongue of Kosciusko Formation, Mississippi. Bartonian: Landrum Member, Texas; Cook Mountain Formation, Mississippi; “upper” Lisbon Formation, Alabama., Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on page 43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355

Sardinops sp. Fig. 13G Remarks This single otolith from the Landrum Member of Texas can confidently be assigned to the recent genus Sardinops, but the single available specimen does not allow any precision at the species level. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution Bartonian: Landrum Member, Texas., Published as part of Lin, Chien-Hsiang & Nolf, Dirk, 2022, Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA, pp. 1-122 in European Journal of Taxonomy 814 on page 43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.814.1745, http://zenodo.org/record/6484355

The fossil otoliths of the southern USA have been known for more than 130 years and are among the richest assemblages worldwide. However, previous studies are often scattered and with outdated systematic scheme. A collection of over 25000 otoliths ranging in age from the Lutetian to the Priabonian from 47 sites in five states in the eastern and southern USA is analysed here. Combined with the earlier described material, at least 101 otolith-based taxa are documented, of which 83 are identified at species level. Fourteen of these are introduced as new species: Elopothrissus bernardlemorti sp. nov., “Muraenesox” barrytownensis sp. nov., Pseudophichthys texanus sp. nov., Paraconger wechesensis sp. nov., Neoopisthopterus weltoni sp. nov., “aff. Glyptophidium” stringeri sp. nov., Symmetrosulcus dockeryi sp. nov., Mene garviei sp. nov., “Citharus” varians sp. nov., Waitakia beelzebub sp. nov., Astroscopus compactus sp. nov., Parascombrops yanceyi sp. nov., Anisotremus rambo sp. nov., and Pagellus pamunkeyensis sp. nov. The assemblages are distinct fom contemporary European faunas by the complete lack of mesopelagic fish otoliths, and by the presence of sciaenids. Dominant taxa in the American Eocene are the Ophidiidae, Sciaenidae, Lactariidae, and Congridae. They indicate shallow-water environments for all the sampled sites. The notable abundance of those taxa suggests that they could have a higher turnover rate, and provided fundamental nutrition in the local Paleogene marine ecosystem. Further analyses of the species in the stratigraphic succession revealed that a faunal turnover between the Claiborne and Jackson seas was evident in teleosts, and it might be more widespread in other marine organisms in the region.

Hata, Harutaka, Koeda, Keita (2022): First Japanese Records of Sardinella albella (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) from Okinawa Island, with a Key to Japanese Species of Sardinella. Species Diversity 27 (1): 37-43, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.37, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.37

Key to species of Sardinella recorded from Japan (Fig. 3; data of each specimen shown in Appendix 1); Japanese standard names in parenthesis 1. Pelvic fin with nine rays; lower gill rakers on first gill arch>100.............. S. aurita a (Kataboshi-iwashi) — Pelvic fin with eight rays; lower gill rakers on first gill arch, Published as part of Hata, Harutaka & Koeda, Keita, 2022, First Japanese Records of Sardinella albella (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) from Okinawa Island, with a Key to Japanese Species of Sardinella, pp. 37-43 in Species Diversity 27 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.37, http://zenodo.org/record/7175385

Family Clupeidae Cuvier, 1816. Thread-Herrings, Shads, Sardines, Piquitingas, Pilchards, Menhadens, Herrings; Sardinetas, Piquitingas, Machuelos, Arenques, Sardinas. 4 G, 5 S., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630

The knowledge of the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna continues to grow given the discovery of new taxa, the recognition of taxa resurrected from synonymy and the corroboration of new country records and new range extensions. Moreover, recent advances in the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and status of many supraspecific groups have led to numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. Given this, the purpose of this paper is to update the known composition, distribution and clasification of the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna taking as reference the most recent list for the country published by Angulo et al. (2013). A total of 23 new country records (i.e., species; distributed in 17 families and 21 genera), 33 new range extensions (distributed in 20 families and 30 genera) and several nomenclatural changes are reported, illustrated and discussed here. An updated and annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of the country (including data for a total of 283 species, 13 of which are exotic, distributed in two classes, 27 orders, 55 families and 136 genera) is also provided.

Lile piquitinga (Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro, 1903). Atlantic Piquitinga; Sardineta Piquitinga, Piquitinga. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic Ocean; from eastern Costa Rica to southern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: Si (Atlantic), 0��� 66 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Angulo et al. (2013: 990; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 2927; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Dorosoma chavesi Meek, 1907. Nicaragua Gizzard Shad; Sardina, Sardinilla, Sabalete, Sardina de R��o. Distribution: Global: Middle America; from western Nicaragua (lakes Xolotl��n and Cocibolca and affluent streams or rivers) to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; Costa Rica: LN, RF, SJ, SC, Sa and To (Atlantic), 0��� 50 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, NT. References: Bussing (1987: 65; 1998: 68; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo et al. (2013: 990; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630

Lile stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Pacific Piquitinga, Striped Herring; Piquitinga Pelada, Sardinita Rayada, Sardina Rayada, Sardineta. Distribution: Global: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from southern Baja California Sur, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: Tr (Pacific), 0��� 10 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing & L��pez (1994: 46; brief description, including an illustration), Angulo et al. (2013: 990; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Allen (2015: 537; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847. Round Sardinella, Spanish Sardine; Alacha, Sardina Espa��ola. Distribution: Global: Atlantic Ocean; from Cape Cod, USA, to northern Argentina in the western Atlantic and from southern Espa��a to South Africa in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: To (Atlantic), 0��� 3 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Angulo et al. (2013: 990, as Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner 1879) ���missidentification; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 2939; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Fishery statistics are mainly made by recording the popular fish names, which is later translated into scientific identification. However, these names often either refer to a species group and/or vary along their distribution, increasing identification uncertainty. Species that have cultural value for traditional communities are known as culturally important species (CIS). Herein, we assessed Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge to investigate small-silvery herrings (ginga) used as part of a traditional dish \ginga com tapioca", that is recognized as a cultural heritage in the Brazilian northeastern. Through 103 interviews conducted in six communities in three states, we determined that ginga, although a name known elsewhere, is only traded as such in the metropolitan area of Natal. In this region, ginga is caught with drift net and deemed profitable by fishers. We identified both over- and under-differentiation, with ginga recognized by fishers as five, and sold as three main species, namely Opisthonema oglinum, Harengula sp., and Lile piquitinga. The larger specimens of two of those species (O. oglinum and Harengula sp.) were also traded as sardines. We found that most individuals sold as ginga were juveniles, which might impact the recruitment of some fish species. Due to its unique cultural relevance to the local community of Natal, ginga could be considered a CIS, which could aid future management or conservation measures.

Many anadromous (and semi-anadromous) fish species, which migrate from marine to freshwater ecosystems to spawn and to complete their life cycle, are currently threatened by habitat degradation in the upper parts of estuaries and rivers, where spawning and juvenile nursery areas occur. This situation pertains to Nematalosa vlaminghi, a semi-anadromous gizzard shad (Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae) endemic to south-western Australia. More information about the biology of N. vlaminghi is required for its effective management and conservation. This study estimated growth, longevity and natural mortality of N. vlaminghi. Ages were determined by counting validated annual growth increments in thin sections of sagittal otoliths. Fish were sampled in the Swan-Canning Estuary, which historically hosted the main commercial fishery for N. vlaminghi. Since the late 1990s, however, only very minor catches of this species have been taken from this estuary, and none since 2007. Given the essentially unexploited state of the current population, the estimate of total mortality (Z, y-1 ) from the catch curve analysis in this study provides a direct estimate of natural mortality (M, y-1 ) for N. vlaminghi. Somatic growth during this study was substantially slower than historically reported for N. vlaminghi. Various processes operating in this estuary since the 1970s may have contributed to slower growth, including increased hypoxia, higher primary productivity due to eutrophication and cessation of fishing for N. vlaminghi. The maximum observed age of 19.8 y for N. vlaminghi is the highest reported for any gizzard shad worldwide and one of the highest reported for any clupeid species. This exceptional longevity is likely part of a life history strategy that allows N. vlaminghi, which exhibits substantial variation in annual recruitment success, to persist in the intermittently closed estuaries of south-western Australia where environmental factors, including low flow and hypoxia, can create unfavourable conditions for reproduction for extended periods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Unidentified opistognathid. Lissner and Dorsey (1986) observed from a manned submersible a jawfish they were unable to identify at Tanner��� Cortes Bank, southern California., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Lissner, A. L. & Dorsey, J. H. (1986) Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the southern California continental borderland. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 85, 87 - 101."]}

Lile nigrofasciata Castro-Aguirre, Ruiz-Campos, & Balart, 2002. Blackstripe Herring. To 13 cm (5.1 in) (Robertson and Allen 2008). Bah��a Magdalena, southern California and Gulf of California to northern Peru (Castro-Aguirre et al. 2002). Lagoons and other shallow littoral waters (Castro-Aguirre et al. 2002)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2008) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 1.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa.","Castro-Aguirre, J. L., Ruiz-Campos, G. & Balart, E. F. (2002) A new species of the genus Lile (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) of the eastern tropical Pacific. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 101, 1 - 12."]}

** Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811). American Shad. To 76 cm (30 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Native to Atlantic Ocean; intentionally introduced to Pacific Ocean, spread to Kamchatka, Russia to south-eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to Bah��a de Todos Santos, northern Baja California (Miller and Lea 1972). Depth: surface to 250 m (820 ft) (Allen and Smith 1988). While there are a few other, deeper, records (e.g., 440 m, 1,443 ft, Bradburn et al. 2011; 646 m, 2,119 ft, 881 m, 2,890 ft, and 1,151 m, 3,885 ft, NWFSC-FRAM), all are from bottom trawls and the fish could have entered the nets in the water column as the net were being deployed or retrieved. Anadromous., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Allen, M. J. & Smith, G. B. (1988) Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 66.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114."]}

Lile stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Pacific Piquintinga or Striped Herring. To 15.9 cm (6.3 in) TL (Coello et al. 2021). Bah��a Ballenas (26��40���N, 113��30���W), southern Baja California (Grove and Lavenberg 1994) to Puerto Pizarro, Peru (Chirichigno and V��lez 1974), including Gulf of California (Whitehead and Rodr��guez-S��nchez in Fischer et al. 1995) and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Marine, brackish, and fresh waters (Allen and Robertson 1994); depth: surface (nightlight; Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), 1���3 m (3���10 ft) (min.: Gonz��lez-Acosta et al. 1999; max.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Coello, D., Herrera, M. & Zambrano, R. (2021) Length-weight relationship of 74 fish species caught in the continental coast of Ecuador. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37, 129 - 134.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Allen, G. R. & Robertson, D. R. (1994) Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.","Gonzalez-Acosta, A. F., De La Cruz-Aguero, J. & Cota-Gomez, V. M. (1999) Extension of geographical distribution and first occurrence of fishes in the northwest of Mexico. Hidrobiologica, 9, 39 - 44."]}

Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842). Pacific Sardine. To 41 cm (16.1 in) TL (Clemens and Wilby 1961). Indo-Pacific (Whitehead 1985); north Pacific from south of Japan to southern Kamchatka and Commander Islands (Mecklenburg et al. 2002), and Cross Sound, south-eastern Alaska (Bruce Wing, pers. comm. to M.L.) to Gulf of California (Galv��n-Maga��a et al. 1996), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Pelagic; depth: surface (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 383 m (1,256 ft) (min.: Carlisle et al. 1960; max.: Jacobsen Stout et al. 2016) or perhaps to 982 m (3,221 ft) (Bradburn et al. 2011), although this latter depth was based on a bottom trawl catch and may represent fish caught well above the bottom., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Clemens, W. A. & Wilby, G. V. (1961) Fishes of the Pacific Coast of Canada, Second Edition. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 68.","Whitehead, P. J. P. (1985) FAO Species Catalogue. Volume 7. Clupeoid Fishes of the World (Suborder Clupeoidei). Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, FAO, Rome.","Galvan-Magana, F., Abitia-Cardenas, L. A., Rodriguez-Romero, J., Perez-Espana, H. & Chavez-Ramos, H. (1996) Systematic list of the fishes from Cerralvo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Ciencias Marinas, 22, 295 - 311.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Carlisle, J. G. Jr., Schott, J. W. & Abramson, N. J. (1960) The barred surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz) in southern California. California Department of Fish and Game, Fish Bulletin, 109.","Jacobsen Stout, N., Kuhnz, L., Lundsten, L., Schlining, B., Schlining, K. & von Thun, S. (Eds.). (2016) T he Deep-Sea Guide (DSG). Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. http: // dsg. mbari. org. Accessed 30 September 2016.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114."]}

Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847. Pacific Herring. To 46 cm (18 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Korea and Japan to Arctic Ocean off Alaska to northern Baja California; Arctic Canada as far east as Queen Maud Gulf (Coad in Coad and Reist 2018). Scattered populations in Norwegian Barents Sea and Russian White and Pechora Seas (Whitehead 1985, J��rstad et al. 1994, J��rstad 2004, Laakkonen et al. 2015). This species hybridizes with Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 in northern Europe (Laakkonen et al. 2015). Marine, brackish waters and, very occasionally, fresh waters (Moyle 2002); depth: surface to 250 m (820 ft) (Whitehead 1985). There are a number of deeper capture records (e.g., 723 m, 2,371 ft, Bradburn et al. 2011; 1,033 m, 3,388 ft, 1,068 m, 3,503 ft, NWFSC-FRAM) all recorded from bottom trawl catches. In these circumstances it is not possible to ascertain if these fish were caught on the bottom or in midwaters during net deployment or recovery. Almost always captured above 150 m (492 ft) (Whitehead 1985)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Miller, D. J. & Lea, R. N. (1972) Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin, 157.","Coad, B. W. & Reist, J. D. (Eds.). (2018) Marine Fishes of Arctic Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.","Whitehead, P. J. P. (1985) FAO Species Catalogue. Volume 7. Clupeoid Fishes of the World (Suborder Clupeoidei). Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, FAO, Rome.","Jorstad, K. E., Dahle, G. & Paulsen, O. I. (1994) Genetic comparison between Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and a Norwegian fjord stock of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 233 - 239.","Jorstad, K. E. (2004) Evidence for two highly differentiated herring groups at Goose Bank in the Barents Sea and the genetic relationship to Pacific herring, Clupea pallsi. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 69, 211 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0983 - 6 _ 17","Laakkonen, H. M., Strelkov, P., Lajus, D. L. & Vainola, R. (2015) Introgressive hybridization between the Atlantic and Pacific herrings (Clupea harengus and C. pallasii) in the north of Europe. Marine Biology, 162, 39 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2564 - x","Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California. Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley.","Bradburn, M. J., Keller, A. A. & Horness, B. H. (2011) The 2003 to 2008 U. S. West Coast bottom trawl surveys of groundfish resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: estimates of distribution, abundance, length, and age composition. National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Memorandum, NMFS-NWFSC- 114."]}

Opisthonema medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963. Middling Thread Herring. To 30 cm (11.8 in) TL (Jiménez Prado and Béarez 2004). Redondo Beach, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972) to Huacho, Peru (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998), including Gulf of California (Whitehead and Rodríguez-Sánchez in Fischer et al. 1995). Depth: surface (nightlight: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 10 m (33 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Robertson and Allen 2008).

** Dorosoma petenense (G��nther, 1867). Threadfin Shad. To 33 cm (13 in) TL (Moyle 2002). Native to the southeastern United States and south to Belize. Introduced to West Coast. Off Oregon (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983) to San Diego Bay, southern California (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California) and Gulf of California (Whitehead and Rodr��guez-S��nchez in Fischer et al. 1995). Shallow fresh, brackish, and marine waters., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Moyle, P. B. (2002) Inland Fishes of California. Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley.","Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome."]}

Opisthonema libertate (G��nther, 1867). Deepbody Thread Herring or Pacific Thread Herring. To about 30 cm (11.8 in) TL (Amezcua Linares 1996). Port Hueneme, southern California (Lea and Rosenblatt 2000) to Chile (Peque��o 1l989), including Gulf of California (Whitehead and Rodr��guez-S��nchez in Fischer et al. 1995) and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Marine and brackish waters (Fricke et al. 2020); depth: surface (nightlight; Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to at least 70 m (3���230 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Velasco and Thiel 2002)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Amezcua Linares, F. (1996) Peces Demersales de la Platforma Continental del Pacifico Central de Mexico. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.","Lea, R. N. & Rosenblatt, R. H. (2000) Observations on fishes associated with the 1997 - 98 El Nino off California. CalCOFI Reports, 41, 117 - 129.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & van der Laan, R. (Eds). 2020. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, Reference. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 17 April 2021).","Velasco, A. & Thiel, R. (2002) A bilingual field manual for the identification of juvenile fish over soft bottom off the Pacific Coast of Colombia a review from literature. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research, 50, 55 - 118."]}

Opisthonema bulleri (Regan, 1904). Slender Thread Herring. To 24 cm (9.4 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2015). Several specimens taken south-east of Punta Abreojos, southern Baja California (Jason Masters, photographs to M.L., tentatively confirmed by Ross Robertson); Gulf of California to northern Peru (Robertson and Allen 2015). Depth: intertidal to perhaps 10 m (33 ft) (min.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California; max.: Robertson and Allen 2015)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages"]}

The Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) supports the most important pelagic fishery in the southeast-south Brazil. The first studies on the population structure of S. brasiliensis suggested the existence of two stocks taking into account distinct regional somatic growth rates and spawning areas. However, subsequent works were unable to confirm this scenario, and at present for fisheries management purposes a single stock is considered in Brazil. In order to unravel the stock structure of S. brasiliensis, ninety adult individuals (two-year-old fish) were collected between February and October 2018 in three fishing grounds within its distribution area [Rio de Janeiro (RJ),Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS)]. Multi-elemental signatures of whole otoliths were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and combined with basic biological data (somatic condi- tion, sex and gonadal developmental stages). A generalized linear model found somatic growth rates significantly different across regions. Whole otolith chemical signatures exhibited distinct regional patterns, mainly driven by differences in Ba/Ca, Cu/Ca, Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Zn/Ca. Combining somatic and reproductive data with multi-elemental signatures, the leave-one-out reclassification reassigned the individuals to their areas of origin with a high accuracy (100%, 93% and 87% for RJ, SC and RS, respectively). The results indicate a spatial isolation for the RJ individuals and some degree of intermixing between SC and RS. The data suggest that these fishing grounds should be considered as two stocks (RJ and SC+RS) for fisheries management purposes, although the southern stock is not necessarily homogeneous.