18 results on '"Clucas, Gemma"'
Search Results
2. Penguins in the anthropause: COVID-19 closures drive gentoo penguin movement among breeding colonies
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Flynn, Clare M., Hart, Tom, Clucas, Gemma V., and Lynch, Heather J.
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- 2023
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3. Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimate species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation
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Frugone, María José, Cole, Theresa L., López, María Eugenia, Clucas, Gemma, Matos-Maraví, Pável, Lois, Nicolás A., Pistorius, Pierre, Bonadonna, Francesco, Trathan, Phil, Polanowski, Andrea, Wienecke, Barbara, Raya-Rey, Andrea, Pütz, Klemens, Steinfurth, Antje, Bi, Ke, Wang-Claypool, Cynthia Y., Waters, Jonathan M., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Poulin, Elie, and Vianna, Juliana A.
- Published
- 2021
4. Multiple methods of diet assessment reveal differences in Atlantic puffin adult and chick diets both between and within years
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Kennerley, William L, primary, Lyons, Donald E, additional, and Clucas, Gemma V, additional
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- 2024
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5. Incidence of microplastic fiber ingestion by Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) breeding in the Northwestern Atlantic
- Author
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Caldwell, Aliya, Brander, Susanne, Wiedenmann, John, Clucas, Gemma, and Craig, Elizabeth
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- 2022
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6. Population structure of a grassland songbird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to inform conservation units
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Renfrew, Rosalind B., Perlut, Noah, Maxwell, Logan M., Cadman, Mike, Kim, Daniel H., Clucas, Gemma V., and Kovach, Adrienne I.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
7. The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the bacterial microbiome of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in their natural environment.
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Kaczvinsky, Chloe, Levy, Hila, Preston, Stephen, Youngflesh, Casey, Clucas, Gemma, Lynch, Heather J., Hart, Tom, and Smith, Adrian L.
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COLONIES (Biology) ,WELL-being ,RIBOSOMAL RNA ,PENGUINS ,DNA - Abstract
The microbiome is a key factor in the health, well-being, and success of vertebrates, contributing to the adaptive capacity of the host. However, the impact of geographic and biotic factors that may affect the microbiome of wild birds in polar environments is not well defined. To address this, we determined the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence profiles in faecal samples from pygoscelid penguin populations in the Scotia Arc, focusing on gentoo penguins. This mesopredatory group breeds in defined colonies across a wide geographic range. Since diet could influence microbiome structure, we extracted dietary profiles from a eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene sequence profile. The bacterial microbiome profiles were considered in the context of a diverse set of environmental and ecological measures. Integrating wide geographic sampling with bacterial 16S and eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene sequencing of over 350 faecal samples identified associations between the microbiome profile and a suite of geographic and ecological factors. Microbiome profiles differed according to host species, colony identity, distance between colonies, and diet. Interestingly there was also a relationship between the proportion of host DNA (in relation to total 18S rRNA gene signal) and the microbiome, which may reflect gut passage time. Colony identity provided the strongest association with differences in microbiome profiles indicating that local factors play a key role in the microbiome structure of these polar seabirds. This may reflect the influence of local transfer of microbes either via faecal-oral routes, during chick feeding or other close contact events. Other factors including diet and host species also associate with variation in microbiome profile, and in at least some locations, the microbiome composition varies considerably between individuals. Given the variation in penguin microbiomes associated with diverse factors there is potential for disruption of microbiome associations at a local scale that could influence host health, productivity, and immunological competence. The microbiome represents a sensitive indicator of changing conditions, and the implications of any changes need to be considered in the wider context of environmental change and other stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Multiple methods of diet assessment reveal differences in Atlantic puffin diet between ages, breeding stages, and years.
- Author
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Kennerley, William L., Clucas, Gemma V., and Lyons, Donald E.
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MARINE heatwaves ,DIET ,FORAGE fishes ,FISH communities ,BIOLOGICAL fitness - Abstract
Introduction: Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica, hereafter "puffin") reproductive success in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) has declined following a recent oceanographic regime shift that has led to rapid warming and increasingly frequent marine heatwaves. Concurrent changes in both the regional forage fish community and puffin chick diets and provisioning rates suggest that inadequate prey resources may be driving this decline. Traditional, noninvasive methods of diet assessment, however, are unable to determine seabird diet at many age classes and breeding stages. Methods: To determine what prey GoM puffins were feeding on during two years of marine heatwave conditions, we assessed puffin diet using two complementary methods: traditional, observational methods that utilize billload photography and emerging methods employing fecal DNA metabarcoding. We then examined the effect of methodology, age, breeding stage, and year on puffin diet composition. Results: We identified a strong correlation between the composition of chick diet as estimated through traditional and emerging methods, supporting the interpretation of DNA relative read abundance as a quantitative metric of diet composition. Both methods identified the same dominant prey groups yet metabarcoding identified a greater number of species and offered higher taxonomic resolution. Additionally, metabarcoding revealed adult puffin diet during the incubation period for the first time. Although puffin adults and chicks fed on many of the same prey types, adults consumed a greater variety of taxa and consumed more low quality prey types than they provisioned chicks. Discussion: For both age classes, diet varied both between and within years, likely reflecting changes in the local forage fish community in response to environmental variability. Puffins exploited unusual abundances of typically-uncommon prey during these two years of marine heatwave conditions, yet low puffin productivity suggests the observed dietary plasticity was not fully able to compensate for apparent prey shortages. Continued refinement of molecular methods and the interpretation of the data they provide will enable better assessments of how seabirds of diverse ages and breeding stages are adapting to changing prey communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. From presence/absence to reliable prey proportions: A field test of dietary DNA for characterizing seabird diets
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Clucas, Gemma V, primary, Stillman, Andrew, additional, and Craig, Elizabeth C, additional
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- 2024
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10. Whole genome sequencing reveals stepping‐stone dispersal buffered against founder effects in a range expanding seabird
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Herman, Rachael W., primary, Clucas, Gemma, additional, Younger, Jane, additional, Bates, John, additional, Robinson, Bryce, additional, Reddy, Sushma, additional, Stepanuk, Julia, additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, Veeramah, Krishna, additional, and Lynch, Heather J., additional
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- 2024
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11. Massive and infrequent informed emigration events in a species threatened by climate change: the emperor penguins
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Garnier, Jimmy, Clucas, Gemma, Younger, Jane, Sen, Bilgecan, Barbraud, Christophe, Larue, Michelle, Fraser, Alexander D., Labrousse, Sara, Jenouvrier, Stéphanie, Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath [Bath], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterburry, Institute for Marine and Antartic Studies, University of Tasmania, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biology Department (WHOI), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
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[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,dispersal range ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,dispersal kernel ,[MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,emigration rates ,dispersal distance - Abstract
Dispersal is a ubiquitous phenomenon which affects the population dynamics and evolution of natural populations, hence it is a fundamental process in driving species persistence under global changes. However, dispersal rates and dispersal range are difficult to measure in most species, and remain unknown for many. In addition, informed behaviors, whereby individuals leave their natal area and select a breeding habitat non-randomly, may play an important role in species' responses to global change, and are even more difficult to comprehend. By developing new models combing demographic and genetic data, we reveal dispersal rates, range and behaviors for emperor penguin, a species threatened by climate change and living in the most remote place on earth where measurements of dispersal are nonexistent. We found that emperor penguins have a short distance of dispersal compared to their capacity to cover large distances during seasonal migration. On average, emigration rates are small, with emigration occurring when the local habitat becomes unsuitable (informed emigration). While overall dispersal rates remain low, occasional mass emigration events can occur in some regions. We also detect environmental and demographic drivers of emigration using new independent data:emigration is more likely to occur for habitats far from open water and with low food availability. Finally, we provided new global population forecasts for emperor penguins that incorporate dispersal processes into a sea-ice dependent demographic model that can inform conservation actions in Antarctica. Our method can be applied to other species and data-poor systems to estimate dispersal processes.
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- 2023
12. Using habitat models for chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, to inform marine spatial management around the South Sandwich Islands during the penguin breeding season
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Clucas, Gemma V., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Hart, Tom, Trathan, Philip N., Clucas, Gemma V., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Hart, Tom, and Trathan, Philip N.
- Abstract
If not carefully managed, harvesting of krill risks disturbing the ecological balance of many Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sites where krill-dependent predators feed. One of the least disturbed sites anywhere within the Southern Ocean and one where krill fishing has so far been virtually non-existent is the South Sandwich Islands volcanic archipelago. Some of the main krill predators breeding at the South Sandwich Islands are penguins, with five species breeding on the islands, the dominant species of which is the chinstrap penguin. In this paper we report on the results of ARGOS PTT deployments during the chinstrap penguin chick-rearing period, using the recorded foraging trips to develop habitat models. Foraging habitats used by chinstrap penguins during the chick-rearing period were best characterised by distance from the colony and sea surface temperature and, using these two covariates, we predicted foraging habitat use around all islands. We show that the provisions of the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area ensure that chinstrap penguins, and other krill-dependent predators with similar foraging ranges, likely have robust protection during the summer. During the winter, when krill predators are likely to forage further offshore, seasonal sea ice provides a physical barrier to exclude the fishery, again ensuring the islands’ unique biodiversity receives strong protection. However, to the north of the marginal sea ice zone, competition between krill predators and the fishery could exist if the fishery were ever to explore new locations for resource extraction. We make a number of conclusions, including the need for winter tracking data to inform future management options.
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- 2022
13. Using habitat models for chinstrap penguins, Pygoscelis antarctica, to inform marine spatial management around the South Sandwich Islands during the penguin breeding season
- Author
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Clucas, Gemma V., primary, Warwick-Evans, Victoria, additional, Hart, Tom, additional, and Trathan, Philip N., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Genetic and demographic data reveal dispersal processes: Informed, massive and infrequent emigration events in Emperor penguins
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Garnier, Jimmy, Clucas, Gemma, Younger, Jane, Sen, Bilgecan, Barbraud, Christophe, Larue, Michelle, Fraser, Alexander D., Labrousse, Sara, Jenouvrier, Stéphanie, Garnier, Jimmy, Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University [New York], Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath [Bath], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Center for Materials Design, Institute for Advanced Computational Science, State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterburry, Institute for Marine and Antartic Studies, University of Tasmania, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,dispersal range ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,dispersal kernel ,[MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,emigration rates ,dispersal distance - Abstract
Dispersal is an ubiquitous phenomenon which affects the population dynamics and evolution of natural populations, hence it is a fundamental process in driving biodiversity responses to rapid global change. However, dispersal rates and dispersal range are difficult to measure in most species, and remain unknown for many.In addition, informed behaviors, whereby individuals leave their natal area and select a breeding habitat non-randomly, may play an important role in species' responses to global change, and are even more difficult to comprehend. Here, we develop a new mathematical function combining demographic and genetic data to determine the dispersal distance, emigration rates and dispersal behaviors (random or informed emigration and establishment). We apply our approach to the Emperor penguin, a species threatened by climate change.We found that Emperor penguins have a short distance of dispersal compared to their capacity to cover large distances during migration. On average, emigration rates are small and Emperor penguins leave their colonies when the habitat becomes unsuitable (informed emigration). However, for some regions, massive emigration events can occur. Specifically, emigration is more likely to occur for habitat with low food availability that can not sustain large populations. Our model opens the doors to estimate both the mean dispersal distance, emigration rates, and dispersal behaviours across the tree of life to transform our understanding of dispersal processes and their consequences for populations and ecosystems.
- Published
- 2022
15. Population structure of a grassland songbird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to inform conservation units
- Author
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Renfrew, Rosalind B., primary, Perlut, Noah, additional, Maxwell, Logan M., additional, Cadman, Mike, additional, Kim, Daniel H., additional, Clucas, Gemma V., additional, and Kovach, Adrienne I., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Front Cover
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Frugone, María José, primary, Cole, Theresa L., additional, López, María Eugenia, additional, Clucas, Gemma, additional, Matos‐Maraví, Pável, additional, Lois, Nicolás A., additional, Pistorius, Pierre, additional, Bonadonna, Francesco, additional, Trathan, Phil, additional, Polanowski, Andrea, additional, Wienecke, Barbara, additional, Raya‐Rey, Andrea, additional, Pütz, Klemens, additional, Steinfurth, Antje, additional, Bi, Ke, additional, Wang‐Claypool, Cynthia Y., additional, Waters, Jonathan M., additional, Bowie, Rauri C. K., additional, Poulin, Elie, additional, and Vianna, Juliana A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Genomic data reveal the biogeographical and demographic history of Ammospiza sparrows in northeast tidal marshes.
- Author
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Walsh, Jennifer, Kovach, Adrienne I., Benham, Phred M., Clucas, Gemma V., Winder, Virginia L., Lovette, Irby J., and Ribas, Camila
- Subjects
SALT marshes ,ABSOLUTE sea level change ,COLONIZATION (Ecology) ,SPARROWS ,FRESHWATER habitats ,MARSHES ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Aim: Shaped by climate change and sea‐level rise, tidal salt marshes represent ephemeral systems that are home to only a few species. The dynamic ecological histories of these habitats, however, render it challenging to reconstruct the complete biogeographical histories of their endemic taxa. To better understand the evolutionary history of tidal marsh endemic sparrows, we employ genomic data to evaluate the timing and direction of tidal marsh colonization events and leverage these data to test a series of models describing the biogeographical history of our study taxa. Location: North America. Taxon: Ammospiza Sparrows. Methods: We sampled 54 individuals from the Ammospiza clade from freshwater and saltwater habitats. We sequenced whole genomes and generated a dataset containing 21 million SNPs. Detailed phylogenomic analyses were conducted to identify relationships between tidal marsh and freshwater species. These phylogenies were then used to date divergence times and reconstruct the biogeographical history of the clade as well as identify historic signals of introgression. Results: Phylogenies based on several million SNPs supported well‐resolved clades that correspond to all previous species designations. Demographic modelling within A. nelsoni provided further resolution into the subspecies topology. Phylogenetic and biogeographical reconstructions support a series of saltwater to freshwater colonization events, with some endemic taxa exhibiting associations with tidal marsh habitat over longer evolutionary time‐scales and some habitat transitions occurring as recently as 5,000 years ago. Main Conclusions: Biogeographical and phylogenomic reconstructions support an original freshwater origin of the Ammospiza sparrows currently inhabiting tidal marshes in North America. We also found strong evidence for a saltwater to freshwater transition in A. n. subvirgatus as opposed to the long hypothesized freshwater origin of this group. We conclude that the increased resolution from genomic data paired with an integrative framework of phylogenomic, demographic and biogeographical reconstructions is important for resolving evolutionary histories in complex and ephemeral environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Black-throated blue warblers ( Setophaga caerulescens ) exhibit diet flexibility and track seasonal changes in insect availability.
- Author
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Kaiser SA, Forg LE, Stillman AN, Deitsch JF, Sillett TS, and Clucas GV
- Abstract
Changes in leaf phenology from warming spring and autumn temperatures have lengthened the temperate zone growing "green" season and breeding window for migratory birds in North America. However, the fitness benefits of an extended breeding season will depend, in part, on whether species have sufficient dietary flexibility to accommodate seasonal changes in prey availability. We used fecal DNA metabarcoding to test the hypothesis that seasonal changes in the diets of the insectivorous, migratory black-throated blue warbler ( Setophaga caerulescens ) track changes in the availability of arthropod prey at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We examined changes across the breeding season and along an elevation gradient encompassing a 2-week difference in green season length. From 98 fecal samples, we identified 395 taxa from 17 arthropod orders; 242 were identified to species, with Cecrita guttivitta (saddled prominent moth), Theridion frondeum (eastern long-legged cobweaver), and Philodromus rufus (white-striped running crab spider) occurring at the highest frequency. We found significant differences in diet composition between survey periods and weak differences among elevation zones. Variance in diet composition was highest late in the season, and diet richness and diversity were highest early in the season. Diet composition was associated with changes in prey availability surveyed over the green season. However, several taxa occurred in diets more or less than expected relative to their frequency of occurrence from survey data, suggesting that prey selection or avoidance sometimes accompanies opportunistic foraging. This study demonstrates that black-throated blue warblers exhibit diet flexibility and track seasonal changes in prey availability, which has implications for migratory bird responses to climate-induced changes in insect communities with longer green seasons., Competing Interests: The authors declare we have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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