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12 results on '"Clarke, Mary C."'

7. Potential for prediction of psychosis and bipolar disorder in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a longitudinal register study of all people born in Finland in 1987

Author

Lang, Ulla, Ramsay, Hugh, Yates, Kathryn, Veijola, Juha, Gyllenberg, David, Clarke, Mary C., Leacy, Finbarr P., Gissler, Mika, and Kelleher, Ian

Subjects
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Psychiatry and Mental health, prevention, Research Reports, prediction, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Psychosis, high-risk groups, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Abstract

Current strategies to predict psychosis identify only a small proportion of individuals at risk. Additional strategies are needed to increase capacity for pre-diction and prevention of serious mental illness, ideally during childhood and adolescence. One possible approach would be to investigate systems in which psychosis risk factors are concentrated during childhood. One notable such system is represented by Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Although psychotic disorders are uncommon in CAMHS, many risk factors for psychosis are highly prevalent in young people who enter this system. We hypothesized, therefore, that youth attending CAMHS would be a high-risk group for psychosis if followed into adulthood and, furthermore, that CAMHS systems would capture a substantial proportion of future psychosis cases. We constructed a total population cohort study of all Finns born in 1987 (N=55,875), linking together extensive register data on health care contacts from birth through age 28 years. We identified all individuals diagnosed with a psychotic or bipolar disorder by age 28 (N=1,785). The risk of psychosis/bipolar disorder by age 28 years was 1.8% for individuals who had not attended CAMHS during childhood or adolescence, whereas it was 12.8% for those with a history of any outpatient CAMHS contact (odds ratio, OR=7.9, 95% CI: 7.2-8.7). Furthermore, the risk of psychosis/bipolar disorder by age 28 years was 2.3% for individuals without a history of inpatient CAMHS admission, whereas it was 24.0% for those with a history of inpatient CAMHS admission (OR=13.3, 95% CI: 11.9-14.9), and 36.5% for those with a history of inpatient CAMHS admission in adolescence (age 13-17 years) (OR=24.2, 95% CI: 21.2-27.6). Individuals who attended CAMHS but received no mental disorder diagnosis had an equally high risk of subsequently developing a psychosis/bipolar disorder as individuals who did receive a diagnosis (OR=0.9, 99.5% CI: 0.7-1.1). Compared to other CAMHS attendees, individuals who developed psychosis or bipolar disorder were more likely to have had an initial CAMHS diagnosis of depressive or other mood disorder (OR=2.3, 99.5% CI: 1.6-3.0) and disruptive behaviour disorder (OR=1.7, 99.5% CI: 1.2-2.5). Of all psychosis/bipolar diagnoses by age 28 years, 50.2% occurred in individuals who had, at some point in childhood or adolescence, attended CAMHS, indicating that CAMHS represent not only a high-risk but also a high-capacity system for prediction of psychosis/bipolar disorder. These findings suggest an enormous, untapped potential for large-scale psychosis/bipolar disorder prediction and prevention research within existing specialist CAMHS.

Published
2022

8. Time on our side: An exploratory investigation of the relationship between psychiatric disorder and time attitudes.

Author

McKay, Michael T., Clarke, Mary C., Donnelly, Paul, and Worrell, Frank C.

Subjects
*MENTAL illness, *ATTITUDE (Psychology), *ADVERSE childhood experiences, *ANXIETY disorders, *AFFECTIVE disorders, *ADULT child abuse victims
Abstract

Time attitudes indicate how individuals feel about the past, present, and future. A growing body of research has demonstrated that scores on the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale relate meaningfully to a variety of measures of well-being and psychiatric symptomatology. To date, no study has examined how (if at all) Time Attitudes scores relate to psychiatric disorder. The present study used an existing clinical cohort (N = 68) and assessed the associations among time attitudes, lifetime disorder, and a retrospective measure of childhood trauma. Preliminary analyses revealed that mean scores of the six time attitudes in the present study did not differ substantially from scores reported in a recent meta-analysis. Correlations between time attitude scores and retrospective trauma scores were particularly large for past negative and past positive. Individuals with no past or current disorder reported substantially higher positive attitudes and substantially lower negative attitudes than those without a disorder across all three time periods with interpretable effect sizes. Finally, past negative time attitudes scores were significantly associated with lifetime mood or anxiety disorder, prior to adjustment for scores on self-reported childhood trauma. These results suggest that time attitudes could be a variable of consequence beyond feelings of general well-being and beyond psychiatric symptoms. More studies with larger sample sizes are required in order to examine the relationship between time attitudes and psychiatric disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. The Subjective Impact and Timing of Adversity Scale: A Feasibility Study Using Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data.

Author

McKay, Michael T., Healy, Colm, Chambers, Derek, Dodd, Philip, O'Donnell, Laurie, Cannon, Mary, and Clarke, Mary C.

Subjects
ADVERSE childhood experiences, STATISTICAL reliability, RESEARCH methodology evaluation, RESEARCH methodology, PSYCHOSES, INTERVIEWING, MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques, RESEARCH funding, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, CHILDREN, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

This study assessed the feasibility of a multi-domain measure of the occurrence, impact, and timing of childhood/adolescent psychological adversity exposure, the Subjective Impact and Timing of Adversity Scale (SITA). Participants were from among those who had previously participated in two waves of data collection when aged approximately 14 and 21 years. Internal consistency estimates at both online and interview stages were acceptable for all SITA domains (with the exception of parental loss). SITA domain scores correlated meaningfully with scores on other scales and psychological measures, supporting convergent validity. Those with lifetime psychiatric diagnoses scored significantly higher on SITA domains than those not meeting diagnostic threshold. There was evidence of the importance of both the subjective impact and timing of adversity with regard to psychiatric diagnoses. The study demonstrates the viability of the SITA; however, further studies are required to substantiate these findings in larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911221116573 – Supplemental material for The Subjective Impact and Timing of Adversity Scale: A Feasibility Study Using Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data

Author

McKay, Michel T., Healy, Colm, Chambers, Derek, Dodd, Philip, O’Donnell, Laurie, Cannon, Mary, and Clarke, Mary C.

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911221116573 for The Subjective Impact and Timing of Adversity Scale: A Feasibility Study Using Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data by Michel McKay, Colm Healy, Derek Chambers, Philip Dodd, Laurie O’Donnell, Mary Cannon and Mary C. Clarke in Assessment

Published
2022
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