Search

The major factors associated with the manufactured structures and photon emission intensity distribution must be accurately identified for the complicated optical design parameters associated with micro-LED pixels. This study presents the methodologies and reveals the sequential calculating protocol in each layer for pixel-level optical simulations, based on which the boundary condition errors associated with common optical simulations can be corrected. Moreover, the optical effect on each epitaxial layer of the micro-LED design is revealed, and the rationality of the setting of the finite-radius receiver with a pseudo-extended substrate material is also explained with respect to the intrinsic and extrinsic pixel-intensity distribution properties. Finally, the design of experiments DOE L18 orthogonal array table is demonstrated by the Taguchi method to explore the principal factors for the parameter design of the micro-LED layers. The results indicate that the sapphire thickness, the P-GaN layer, the buffer layers, and an additional substrate plate are the four significant factors that primarily influence the luminous power and the corresponding uniformity on the exit pupil of micro-LEDs. Based on the luminous power uniformity, the signal-to-noise ratio in the sapphire thickness is 16.9, and the extended substrate plate is 9.8, which is ∼10 times > the interaction design parameter, such as the etching angle and reflective index of the extended substrate of the micro-LED pixel. These specific design factors can be the major optimization parameters for cost control and performance improvement.

In this study, we aimed to validate a novel light field virtual reality (LFVR) system for estimating refractive errors in the human eye. Fifty participants with an average age of 22.12 ± 2.2 years (range 20–30 years) were enrolled. The present study compared spherical equivalent (SE) and focal line measurements (F1 and F2) obtained by the LFVR system with those obtained by established methods, including closed-field and open-field autorefractors, retinoscopy, and subjective refraction. The results showed substantial agreement between the LFVR system and the traditional methods, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for SE ranging from 82.7% to 86.7% (p < 0.01), and for F1 and F2 from 80.7% to 86.4% (p < 0.01). Intra-repeatability for F1 and F2 demonstrated strong agreement, with ICC values of 88.8% and 97.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that the LFVR system holds potential as a primary tool for refractive error measurement in optical care, offering high agreement and repeatability compared to conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Taiwan, issues in technology education (TE), such as indeterminate core mission and unclear role, could be addressed through an objective knowledge map of research to discern directions of development and prospects. This study explores sub-fields, genres, characteristics, and trends in TE research in Chinese and English over 24 years through bibliometric co-citation analysis using two databases: Web of Science and Airiti Library. As per the findings: (1) TE research has been progressing slowly in Taiwan, while it is developing rapidly elsewhere; Disciplines integrated with TE include education and educational research, engineering, computer science, social sciences, and medicine; (2) Research topics have evolved from industrial arts, technical and vocational education, technological literacy education, and curriculum development, to pedagogical skills of teachers of technology; Other countries focus on "professional development of technology teachers," while Taiwan emphasizes "curriculum and teaching materials;" (3) Clusters from different periods are complementary, and research topics and fronts reflect continuity. (4) "Assessment," as a research dimension, has received insufficient attention. Insights into the evolution of research topics and research fronts are offered for technology educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]