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An innovative solar concentrating beam splitting photovoltaic thermal (CBS-PVT) system using a half-trough concentrator (HTC) and a film spectrum filter (FSF) is proposed and studied in this study. The FSF used for this system is designed and its average reflectivity and transmissivity are 0.272 and 0.728 for the full spectrum range. Performance evaluation results of the CBS-PVT system reveal the design correctness of the system. When the N-S solar tracking error (STE) rises to 0.15°, the optical efficiency of the entire CSB-PVT system can be kept at 0.8653, showing good adaptable capacity to the STE. The operation feasibility analysis shows that the PV efficiency of the PV subsystem (PVS) is 0.314 and the overall system efficiency overall is 0.26. Parametric analysis results indicate that when the solar thermal collector tube (TCT) operating temperature rises, the total power and overall efficiency of the CSB-PVT system both rise first and then decrease. When the TCT temperature is about 225 °C, the CBS-PVT system reaches its maximum output power of 1003.6 W and the maximum overall efficiency of 0.261. When the PV cell module (PVCM) temperature increases, the total power and overall efficiency of the CBS-PVT system decrease linearly. When the PVCM temperature rises to 50 °C, the two parameters decrease to 952.9 W and 0.248. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate transfer behavior of six ester flavors in aerosol of heated tobacco products, puff-by-puff release of six ester compounds in the aerosols of heated tobacco products and the content in cut tobacco was measured using GC-MS at the addition levels of 0.01% and 0.05% respectively. The transfer rates of six ester flavors in the aerosols of heated tobacco products were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of puff number, the puff-by-puff releases of six ester flavors in aerosol of heated tobacco products showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. And the maximum of puff-by-puff transfer release was mainly between the third and fifth puff. The puff-by-puff transfer rate of six ester flavors was 0.70%~8.06%, and the total transfer rate of six ester flavors was between 10.50% and 52.98%. There was a good linear positive correlation between the sum of puff-by-puff transfer rate and the puff number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]