Search

The Hamma groundwater provides water to Constantine, a city in eastern Algeria. The high concentration of calcium ions (136 mg/L) and hydrogen carbonate (442 mg/L) accounts for the strong scaling power of the water. This study is the first attempt to mix green inhibitors randomly to determine which is the most effective. The use of three new mixtures gallic acid+quercetin, quercetin+alginate, and gallic acid+alginate) to decrease or to prevent calcium carbonate formation is the main topic of this research. Due to their low environmental impact, these mixtures have proven to be effective green scale inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency occurs at extremely low concentrations: gallic acid+quercetin (6mg/L), quercetin+alginate (60mg/L), and gallic acid+alginate (3mg/L). The inhibition effects of these mixtures are evaluated using electrochemical techniques (chronoamperometry and impedancemetry). The results showed that the most efficient scaling inhibitor is gallic acid+alginate since it produced positive results at a lower dosage (3mg/L) than the other mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, fast controlled precipitation (FCP) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods were performed to evaluate the influence of the magnetic treatment at 0.70 T, upon the scale formation in synthetic solutions (hardness 25 °F), exposed to a static magnetic field for different exposure times. According to FCP results, homogeneous CaCO3 precipitation rates in treated solution were lower than those in the absence of the magnetic field. It has been found that the memory effect can last up to 24 h after the magnetic treatment even if it decreases over time. As purpose of comparison, CA method was applied to investigate the influence of the magnetic treatment on heterogeneous CaCO3 precipitation. The magnetic field effect increased with the increasing exposure time. The obtained scale, characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, was formed by a mixture of calcite and aragonite in the presence of magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]