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ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the preventive effect of walnut oil as medicinal food on abnormal lipid metabolism and its influence on liver metabolites and intestinal flora.MethodsThe rat model of abnormal lipid metabolism was established by feeding high-fat diet and administering a high-fat emulsion via gavage. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the five groups: the normal group (ND), the model group (HFD), and three walnut oil intervention groups differing in dosage [low-dose (OL, 2.5 g/kg. BW/day), medium-dose (OM, 5 g/kg. BW/day) and high-dose (OH, 10 g/kg. BW/day)]. Modeling and administration were performed simultaneously for 10 weeks. After the last administration, the serum and organs of the animals were collected under anesthesia, and the organ index was analyzed. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. A histopathological examination of the liver was performed, and the intestinal flora was detected by Illumina technology.ResultsCompared to the ND group, the HFD group exhibited a significant increase in body weight and Lee’s index. Compared to the HFD group, each walnut oil intervention group showed a relatively reduced degree of liver swelling and a significant decrease in fat vacuoles within the cytoplasm. Levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while HDL-C levels were increased (p < 0.05), along with a significant increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum. These findings indicated that walnut oil could improve the blood lipid profile in hyperlipidemia-model rats. The results of intestinal flora showed that at the genus level, there were significant increases in the relative abundance of Collinsella and Blautia (p < 0.01) while significant decreases of Oscillospira and Allobaculum (p < 0.01) in the HFD group vs. the ND group. However, these flora changes were impeded although only Collinslla (p < 0.05) in the OL group. Metabonomics analysis identified that a total of 19 potential biomarkers were screened out from the differential metabolites with |log2FC| > 1, VIP > 1 and p < 0.05.ConclusionWalnut oil can significantly prevent hyperlipidemia caused by high-fat diet. The mechanism is mainly through significantly reducing the content of MDA and the activities of ALT and AST, significantly increasing the activity of GSH-PX, and improving intestinal flora and liver metabolism.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are equipped with various sensors to facilitate control and navigation. However, UAV sensors are highly susceptible to damage under complex flight environments, leading to severe accidents and economic losses. Although fault diagnosis methods based on deep neural networks have been widely applied in the mechanical field, these methods often fail to integrate multi-source information and overlook the importance of system prior knowledge. As a result, this study employs a spatial-temporal difference graph convolutional network (STDGCN) for the fault diagnosis of UAV sensors, where the graph structure naturally organizes the diverse sensors. Specifically, a difference layer enhances the feature extraction capability of the graph nodes, and the spatial-temporal graph convolutional modules are designed to extract spatial-temporal dependencies from sensor data. Moreover, to ensure the accuracy of the association graph, this research introduces the UAV’s dynamic model as prior knowledge for constructing the association graph. Finally, diagnostic accuracies of 94.93%, 98.71%, and 92.97% were achieved on three self-constructed datasets. In addition, compared to commonly used data-driven approaches, the proposed method demonstrates superior feature extraction capabilities and achieves the highest diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: To study the purification of grape seed proanthocyanidins from Binchuan, Dali, Yunnan and their effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Method: The effects of sample concentration, pH, flow rate, and ethanol volume fraction on the adsorption and resolution of grape seed proanthocyanidins were investigated, and the conditions for the AB-8 type macroporous adsorption resin to purify grape seed proanthocyanidins from Binchuan, Dali, Yunnan were studied. Grape seed proanthocyanidins of different polarities obtained by the ethanol gradient elution during the purification process were applied to HepG2 cells, and the effects of different concentrations of grape seed proanthocyanidins of different polarities on the proliferation of liver cancer HepG2 cells were detected by the CCK8 method. Results: The best process for AB-8 resin to purify grape seed proanthocyanidins was the pH of the sample solution 4.0, the mass concentration was 6.0 mg/mL, the flow rate was 1.0 BV/h, the volume fraction of the eluent was 30%, and the elution volume was 4 BV. This purification increased the content of proanthocyanidins in the grape seed extract from 22.77%±0.32% to 94.73%±0.6429%, with a recovery rate of 80.55%±1.6499%. The polar parts of grape seed proanthocyanidins eluted with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% ethanol had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of liver cancer HepG2 cells, and the unpurified part (that is, the extract had not been purified by macroporous resin) that inhibitory effect was most significant when the administration concentration was 200 μg/mL (P