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Genus ChalybionDahlbom, 1843 Chalybion has the most complex and differentiated cocoon among genera of Sceliphrinae, apparently due to the retention of ancestral traits, as discussed below. Rau (1915) commented that cocoons of C. californicum are similar to those of Sceliphorn, but have an additional external silken wall, which is a feature not observed in other Sceliphrinae. Pham (2017, fig. 1d) illustrated a cocoon of Chalybion malignum (Kohl, 1906) in which the external layer of silk is denser than observed in species of Sceliphron. Ohl and H��hn (2011, fig. 4d) provided a photograph of a Chalibyon sulawesii Ohl, 2011 cocoon in which the meconium can be observed placed in a differentiated, somewhat cylindrical, portion of the cocoon���s basal end., Published as part of Buys, Sandor Christiano, 2022, An overview of cocoon morphology of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), pp. 2935-2949 in Journal of Natural History 55 (47 - 48) on page 2938, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2036843, http://zenodo.org/record/6351759, {"references":["Rau P. 1915. The differentiation of the cocoons of Pelopoeus caementarius and Chalybion caeruleum (Hymen.). Psyche. 22: 62 - 63. doi: 10.1155 / 1915 / 37374","Pham PH. 2017. New record of the mud dauber wasp Chalybion malignum (Kohl, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from Vietnam with the first information on its nesting biology. Punjab Univ J Zool. 32 (1): 155 - 158.","Ohl M, Hohn P. 2011. Taxonomy, bionomics, and ecology of a new species of the blue mud-dauber wasp genus Chalybion from Sulawesi (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Zoosyst Evol. 87: 335 - 348. doi: 10.1002 / zoos. 201100011"]}