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The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and to correlate the findings with morphologic parameters of RCs (inflammatory infiltrate and cystic epithelium). Twenty RCs, 20 DCs, and 20 OKCs were submitted to immunohistochemistry. The percentages of cytoplasmic (CXCL12 and CXCR4) and nuclear (CXCR4) staining in epithelial and fibrous capsule cells were determined. RCs and DCs exhibited higher epithelial expression of CXCL12 than OKCs (P0.05). The expression of CXCL12 in the fibrous capsule was higher in DCs than in RCs and OKCs (P0.05). Higher cytoplasmic expression of CXCR4 was observed in the epithelial lining and fibrous capsule of RCs and DCs compared with OKCs (P0.05). In the fibrous capsule, DCs exhibited higher nuclear expression of CXCR4 than OKCs (P0.05). No significant differences in the immunoexpression of CXCL12 or CXCR4 were observed according to the morphologic parameters of RCs (P0.05). Strong positive correlations were found between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CXCR4 in the epithelial lining of RCs and DCs and in the fibrous capsule of all groups (P0.05). The results suggest the participation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of RCs, DCs, and OKCs. These proteins may be particularly relevant for the development of odontogenic cysts with less aggressive biological behavior, irrespective of their nature (inflammatory or developmental). In RCs, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 may not be related to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate or the status of cystic epithelium.

The biological behavior of lesions is highly dependent on the imbalance between their proliferative and apoptotic capacity. This study evaluated a correlation between the proliferative and apoptotic rates of different oral vascular anomalies (VAs) by analyzing the immunoexpression of proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax) markers in endothelial cells of 20 cases of GLUT-1 positive infantile hemangiomas (IHs), 20 cases of pyogenic granulomas (PGs) and 20 cases of vascular malformations (VMs). Immunoexpression analysis of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax revealed a lower median percentage of positive cells in VMs cases compared to IHs and PGs cases (P

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma that develops from skeletal striated muscle cells. RMSs are exceedingly rare in the oral cavity, particularly in the gingiva. Herein, we reported the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of a rare case of RMS in a 30-year-old female presenting clinically as a painful polypoid nodule on the mandibular gingiva. Microscopically, the tumor showed atypical spindle cells with elongated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in a fascicular pattern. In focal areas, the tumor cells exhibited rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for desmin, myogenin (scattered cells), and MyoD1. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by postoperative complementary radio- and chemotherapy. However, the patient had a local recurrence seven months after the initial treatment. She was submitted to a total mandibulectomy associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. However, she died two months after reoperation due to complications secondary to radiation therapy. Because of the rarity in the oral cavity and non-specific signs and symptoms, the clinical diagnosis of RMS is difficult and often overlooked. Therefore, careful histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of these tumors is essential to correct diagnosis. Early surgical excision with tumor-free margins and prolonged follow-up are strongly recommended.

Metastases in the oral cavity are rare and frequently associated with widespread disease and poor prognosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), known for its propensity for metastatic spread. The diagnosis of oral metastases from ccRCC is challenging, especially when the patient has no history of primary neoplasm. Herein, we reported a rare metastatic ccRCC in a 58-year-old female presenting clinically as a painless nodule on the tongue mimicking a benign lesion. Microscopically, the tumor showed a proliferation of clear cells organized in nests with a predominantly lobular arrangement. The dense connective tissue stroma was highly vascularized, exhibiting some areas with a hyalinized aspect. Immunohistochemistry showed focal positivity for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and strong positivity for CK8, CK18, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, and CD10. S-100 protein, HMB-45, CK7, and CK20 were negative. The definitive diagnosis was metastatic ccRCC. The treatment was initiated with sunitinib. However, the disease progressed, and the patient was submitted to palliative care. Despite the low survival rate of patients with metastases, the clinician's experience in identifying an oral metastatic lesion may reveal undiagnosed primary tumors and provide better prognosis and survival rates.

Oral mucocele (OM) is the most common lesion of minor salivary glands. The present study aimed to report the clinical and demographic features of a large series of OMs and identify possible predictive variables associated with the recurrence rate of these lesions. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 43,754 biopsy records from four pathology services in Brazil were analyzed. All cases of OMs were reviewed, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The study comprised 1,002 females (56.2%) and 782 males (43.8%), with a mean age of 19.8±16.4 years (range: 01-87 years) and a 1.3:1 female-to-male ratio. The lower lip (n=1,160; 67.4%), and floor of the mouth (n=172; 10.0%), were the most common affected sites, presenting clinically as nodules (n=978; 79.4%) of smooth surface (n=428; 77.5%) and normal color (n=768, 46.7%). Excisional biopsy was the treatment in most cases (n=1,392; 78.0%). Recurrent OMs represented 6.2% of all diagnosed cases (n=117). OMs recurred more commonly in younger patients (aged

Introdução: linfomas e leucemias são neoplasias linfohematopoiéticas que podem acometer região oral e maxilofacial, incluindo os ossos gnáticos, com aspectos imaginológicos semelhantes a outras neoplasias e processos reativos. Objetivo: Investigar os aspectos radiográficos de linfomas e leucemias em maxila e mandíbula. Metodologia: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases eletrônicas Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus utilizando estratégias específicas de busca. Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos que forneceram imagens do tipo periapical, panorâmica ou tomografia computadorizada (TC) dos casos individualizados e o diagnóstico de leucemia/linfoma pôde ser confirmado por imunoistoquímica. Três avaliadores analisaram e descreveram individualmente as imagens e a qualidade dos exames radiográficos. Resultados: Do total de 1079 artigos escaneados, foram selecionados 129 casos contendo 88 tomografias computadorizadas, 77 panorâmicas e 26 exames periapicais, a maioria (54%) classificados com uma qualidade excelente. O linfoma difuso de grandes células B, sem outras especificações (LDGCB SOE) (32,6%), linfoma de Burkitt (17,1%), infiltrado leucêmico (14,7%), linfoma plasmablástico (7,8%) e linfoma de células NK/T (5,4%) foram os subtipos mais comuns. Os dentes envolvidos apresentaram mobilidade em 37,2% dos casos e um diagnóstico primário de doenças infecciosa/inflamatória foi considerado em 49,2% dos pacientes. A maioria dos casos eram radiolúcidos em exames periapical e panorâmico e a TC estava disponível em 76% dos casos, com um aspecto hipodenso e de bordas mal definidas. Reação periosteal foi pouco comum (4,7%). Conclusões: linfomas/leucemia com destruição dos ossos gnáticos usualmente representam subtipos de alto grau e raramente apresentam reação periosteal na imagem radiográfica. Objective: To investigate the radiographic features of lymphomas and leukemias in the jaws. Study Design: A systematic review was carried out in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus using specific search strategies. Inclusion criteria comprised articles that provided periapical, panoramic or computed tomography (CT) images for individual cases and diagnoses of lymphoma/leukemia confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Three experts evaluated and described individually the images and the quality of the radiographic exams. Results: From 1079 reports screened, 129 cases containing 88 tomographic, 77 panoramic and 26 periapical exams were selected, most of them classified as excellent (54%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas NOS (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, T/NK-cell lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma were the most common subtypes. Involved teeth presented mobility in 37.2% of the cases and a provisional diagnosis of inflammatory/infectious dental disease was considered in 49.2% of the patients. Most cases were radiolucent in plain exams and conventional CT exams were available for 76% of the cases, with hypodense aspect and ill-defined borders. Periosteal reactions were uncommon. Conclusion: Lymphoma/leukemia with gnathic bone destruction are usually of high-grade subtypes and rarely present periosteal reactions.