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The study of demographic factors provides valuable insights into how they influence oral health. On the other hand, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards oral health are fundamental factors that can determine individuals’ dental health status. The aims of study is to determine the socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and attitudes regarding oral health, as well as health-related behaviors among young adults in Iași. Material and Method: A total of 100 subjects, selected between 2023-2024, were included in the study and grouped according to demographic parameters. The Hiroshima University–Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) and the Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) were used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health. Results: The HU-DBI score was 8.2. The KAB score for the knowledge domain was 11, for the attitudes domain, the score was 15, and for the behavior domain, the score was 21. Conclusions: The majority of participants, particularly young adults, understand the importance of oral hygiene, such as brushing twice daily and avoiding behaviors that could harm oral health.

Dental caries is a multifactorial, dynamic disease that affects dental hard tissues, being initiated by acidic products from oral biofilms. The etiology and pathophysiology of dental caries are extremely complex. It is widely accepted that changes in the local microecology and disruption of tooth re/demineralization could cause dental caries. Moreover, saliva, fluoride application, dietary sugars and preventive behaviors could also influence it. In recent decades, a combination of drug-release and controlled-release systems for the purpose of caries prevention has gradually attracted attention. These could help maintain the concentration of anti-caries agents in situ through sustained drug release. Such local application has many advantages, such as high efficacy and few systemic effects. Thus, in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on drug delivery systems for different stages of dental caries.

Oral health-related quality of life is a significant predictor of overall health and well-being. The aim was to validate the Romanian version of the WHOQOL-BREF as an instrument for measuring the quality of life of dental students. Material and method: Medical students from the fifth year of the Faculty of Dentistry, UMPh Grigore T. Popa Iasi, were invited to participate in the current study. Data were collected after completing the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which consists of 26 items. Results: the average Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Global Quality of Life domain was 0.92 (p=0.026). Similarly, for the Global Health domain, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.78, for the Physical Domain it was 0.84, and for the Psychological Domain it was 0.91. The Social Domain exhibited a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.71, while for the Environmental Domain it was 0.77. The intra-class correlation coefficient showed consistent values (p=0.000 – 0.035). Conclusion: WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the quality of life of dental students.

Changing old habits and adopting new behaviors can be challenging and requires perseverance and motivation. For this reason, the study aimed to determine oral health behaviors among young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 129 students from “Grigore T. Popa” University in Iași, during the period of February 2023 to March 2023. The questionnaire method was used, specifically the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II – HPLP II and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. RESULTS: The students showed a moderate tendency to change in almost all areas assessed by the HPLP II questionnaire. For the “interpersonal relationships” domain, the average score of 2.74 indicated a strong desire for change. The GSE score α is 28.47, indicating a moderate to high confidence in dealing with challenging situations. CONCLUSIONS: The message of promoting health-promoting behavior is perceived positively, thus reducing behavioral barriers and promoting the prompt adoption of correct behavior.

The educational environment has a significant impact on students’ satisfaction with the learning process. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 105 students. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) indicator was used to assess the educational environment. Results: Overall, students have positive perceptions of education. The average overall score of the DREEM indicator was 122.74/200, indicating that the university’s academic environment is more positive than negative. Conclusions: Students have positively evaluated the educational environment.

Bone regeneration materials and techniques aid in restoring bone structure and function, consequently improving mobility and alleviating discomfort or disability in individuals suffering from bone defects or injuries. This restoration contributes significantly to an improved quality of life for affected individuals. Continuous research and innovation in bone regeneration materials have led to the development of more sophisticated and effective techniques. These advancements are pivotal in the evolution of medical technology and its potential to address various bone-related conditions. Traditional methods, such as autografts, are associated with limitations like donor site morbidity and limited supply. Emerging bone regeneration materials and techniques offer alternatives that mitigate these issues, potentially reducing reliance on traditional approaches. In conclusion, the utilization of bone regeneration materials and techniques holds substantial promise in rehabilitating anthropological parameters, improving patient outcomes, advancing medical technology, and contributing to a more comprehensive and ethical approach to healthcare.

Aim of the study The purpose of this paper is to review existent literature regarding taurodontism and to highlight the clinical challenges of this pathology in paediatric dentistry. Material and methods Literature was searched for clinical studies and descriptive papers with titles containing the words “taurodontism”, “enlarged pulp chamber”, “bull teeth” “Hertwig epithelial rooth sheath”. Results Taurodontism is a dental developmental disturbanc in which the body is enlarged at the expense of the roots. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor and lack of constriction at the cement-enamel junction are the characteristic features. It appears most frequently as an isolated anomaly, but its association with several syndromes and abnormalities has also been reported. Endodontic treatment of taurodontic teeth is stated to be complicated and difficult due to the complexity of the tooth morphology. Conclusions Taurodontic teeth bring a series of challenges to the dental practitioner, from a morphological standpoint, endodontic treatment, periodontal and surgical implications. Literature is scarce regarding protocols for managing teeth with taurodontism, therefore it is in the hand of the clinician to review the best treatment options for those teeth, considering that they are aware of the specific characteristics of the pathology.

Fear of the dentist is a response to a known danger faced by patients, triggered when encountering stimuli that elicit fear. The purpose of this work is to investigate the levels of dental fear, phobia, and anxiety among dental students, as well as to understand the triggers that may induce episodes of phobia. Material and Method: The study group comprised 50 dental students, aged 24-30, from both urban (30 subjects) and rural (20 subjects) backgrounds, physically and emotionally healthy. The Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF) questionnaire was used to determine the degree of dental phobia, while the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was employed to assess anxiety induced by dental visits. Results: 42% feel slightly uneasy, 6% feel tense when hearing the turbine sound, 10% feel a little uneasy during scaling, 22% feel a bit uneasy while in the waiting room, and 4% feel a bit uneasy before scheduling an appointment. Conclusions: Students exhibit a low level of dental fear and anxiety, presenting neither dental phobia nor significant dental anxiety.

CBCT has proven to be a highly effective diagnostic tool for maxillofacial imaging and has a wide range of dental uses. Aim: the goal of this study was to assess dentists and specialits level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the indications, contraindications, and benefits of CBCT tests. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants responded to online questionnaires that asked them about their experience using CBCT, its benefits and drawbacks, operational principles, and their reasons for recommending or not recommending CBCT. With SPSS 26.0, a statistical analysis was performed. Results: Dentists and prosthetists specialits consider that they have good knowledge regarding the use of CBCT, the same situation being recorded for those who have more than 20 years of work experience. 93.3% of dentists and all specialists recommended CBCT to patients, the trend being the same in terms of seniority where 75% of those with less than 5 years of experience and all doctors with more than 5 years of experience recommended CBCT to patients Most of the participating doctors attended training courses on the use of CBCT. The main reasons why CBCT is not recommended are because it is not necessary (40%), it is an expensive operation (26.7%). Most participants prefer to perform their own interpretation of the radiological examination, except for half of the dentists, prosthetists. Conclusion:The results of the study indicate a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of CBCT. Dentists and prosthodontists recommend the use of CBCT as a more frequent diagnostic method. Practitioners with more years of practice, are more reluctant to use this method of radiological evaluation frequently.

Quality of life reflects the individual’s perception of his own well-being and overall satisfaction in various areas of his life. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 75 subjects were selected with ages between 17-56 years, in the period 2022-2023. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life, and the Corah score was used to determine the sense of safety and dental anxiety. RESULTS: The average value recorded was 3.87±0.684 for the way they perceive their own quality of life and 3.77±0.727 for the degree of satisfaction regarding their own state of health. The analysis of the correlations between the level of dental anxiety and the quality of life were positive at a p=0.01 value, these being stronger for domains 1, 2 and 4 and moderate for “Overall Quality of Life and General Health” and “social relationships”. DISCUSSIONS: the subjects participating in the study have a moderate degree of dental phobia and, in general, feel it more acutely in situations where they start to get sick or feel a sensation of suffocation. CONCLUSIONS: the results showed that the majority of subjects had a good quality of life and low levels of dental anxiety.

Background: Individual dental hygiene is a fundamental component of plaque control, and toothbrushing is the main method for removing bacterial plaque. Incorrect manual brushing, excessive brushing, applying excessive force on the teeth, or even using incorrect techniques can cause gingival ulcerations in patients. Electric toothbrushes have significantly improved compliance. The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of bacterial plaque removal from dental structures using mechanical means, specifically two electric toothbrushes: Oral-B Genius and Sonicare Diamond Clean. Materials and methods: The study included 20 subjects over the age of 20 from urban and rural areas who presented themselves at the Prevention Department of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași for dental services. Data were recorded through a clinical examination performed by a single examiner who quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the presence of bacterial plaque using the Quigley-Hein plaque index, the O’Leary index, and the Approximal Plaque Index (API). Results: The patient group consisted of 20 subjects, 13 females and 7 males, with an average age of 23.85 years, ranging from 20 to 29. 75% of the subjects were from urban areas, and 60% had a medium socioeconomic level. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, we can affirm that both methods effectively removed bacterial plaque, but the Philips Sonicare toothbrush demonstrated higher efficiency.

Considering that, unlike bone tissue, teeth do not change their composition to a small extent after they have been definitively formed, special attention regarding the relationship between nutritional factors and dental development must be directed to the children. The primary dentition begins to develop after two months of intrauterine life, and the permanent dentition a few months before birth. Important nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy can induce malformations in the child and susceptibility to dental caries. In turn, children with chronic nutritional imbalances (deficiencies or excesses in some nutrients) may present with late tooth eruptions, compromising the integrity of the teeth and increasing the frequency of caries.

Post-accidental exposure refers to injuries caused by stabbing and cutting with sharp objects, as well as skin and mucosal exposure to blood and contaminating fluids. The aim of this study to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes of dental nurses regarding prophylaxis after accidental exposure to blood-borne infections. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of dental nurses working in dental offices in the city of Iaşi. The subjects completed a questionnaire that includes questions about skin lesions that can occur accidentally during dental procedures, the causes and means by which the accident occurred, questions that evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the post-accidental exposure protocol to blood-borne infections, assesses knowledge regarding immunization. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The study group was formed of 26 dental nurses from Iași. 42.3% fell into the 20-30 age group, 30.8% – 31–40-year-old group, 23.1% – 41-50 year old group and 3.8% in the “over 50” age group. 82% from the urban area. 85% of the participants know what a skin lesion is, 38.1% suffered stabbing or cutting accidents, most frequent accidents occurred during the use of the syringe needle (65.4%). 84.6% of nurses admit that both HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are transmitted through blood. Only 50% of the nurses are vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus. 80.8% of the nurses knows compliance with Universal Precautions, is mandatory for all medical personnel and applies to all patients. Conclusions: Nurses who work in dental surgeries and have more than 6 years of experience have a level of knowledge and attitudes regarding both the prevention of stabbing/cutting accidents and post-exposure prophylaxis measures to blood-borne infections. Although the level of knowledge is good, the applicability of measures to prevent accidents and post-exposure prophylaxis leaves something to be desired.

These complex physiological age-related changes are not yet fully understood but are thought to be related to the lifelong accumulation of impairments at molecular, tissue, and organ level and over the next decade, the gerodontologist might have a greater effect on the prevention and maintenance of oral and general health status, and need to expend less effort on treatment

Thus, gingival hypergrowth should be considered as a particular form of gingival diseases. As mentioned in the presentation of gingival and periodontal diseases, hypergrowth can be determined by a large number of factors, the most common of which is poor oral hygiene, which through chronic inflammation increases the volume of gingival tissues, increases the bleeding tendency, the surface of the gingival mucosa lose the lobulated appearance. In the case of medicinal gingival hypergrowth, along with the inducing factor represented by the drug (nifedipine, phenytoin and ciclosporin A), poor oral hygiene has a primary role in its occurrence and development . The relationship between the extent and severity of gingival overgrowth and a variety of drug variables (dose, duration, serum and saliva concentration) is a controversial issue. Many researchers agree that there is a certain concentration of the drug in the blood, basic or threshold, which when exceeded can lead to the appearance of gingival hypergrowth and this concentration is variable from individual to individual .

Master drugs are products that are prepared in the pharmacy, on request, based on a prescription that is individualized for each patient. They are prepared in small quantities, have a short shelf life and are intended for immediate use. The main preparation can be customized by an alternative dosage form, an individualized concentration or a combination therapy. This study aims at continuous research on the use of innovative bases used in the topical treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Patients appreciated the personalized treatment schedule and could be evaluated periodically, adjusting the treatment according to the evolution of the lesions.

Malocclusion is the third most common dental public health problem worldwide. It is not regarded as a disease, but rather as a deviation from aesthetic standards. Aim: To evaluate the orthodontic status of the young adults from Iasi, to establish the need for orthodontic treatment and their perception regarding the aesthetic aspect of dento-maxillary anomalies. Material and methods: All individuals were clinically examined to determine the IOTN index. After completing the clinical examination, the participants were given a questionnaire that sought to obtain information related to the perception of their own facial aesthetics and the factors that influence access to specialized medical services. Results: From 187 subjects, only 22.5% need orthodontic treatments (10.7% – IOTN 3, IOTN 4 (6.4%) , IOTN 5 (5.3%)). Aesthetically, 81% of subjects were in the 1-4 IOTN AC group, while 66.7% of subjects with class II were in the “borderline” group 5-7. Only 36.4% consider their dental anomaly to be very serious, 32.1% of the participants want to improve the aesthetics of their smile and only 17.1% all the functions of the stomatognathic system. Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment is relatively low in the young population, with the main motivation being to improve the aesthetic aspect. From an aesthetic standpoint, the need for treatment is greater, with more than half of the participants classified as needing treatment.

Introduction: Behavioral management approaches are employed with youngsters who are scared or unwilling to cooperate. Podiatric patients’ discomfort and anxiety can be alleviated by the use of pharmacologic sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia. Oral sedative midazolam is frequently prescribed for children because of its safety, rapid onset, and mild amnesia, all of which make it a popular choice among pediatricians. Midazolam/ketamine and its combinations are discussed in this review article, covering the advantages of using oral route of sedation, pharmacokinetics and range of oral dosages, and the use of antagonists for clinical dentistry treatment procedures.

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding the oral health of preschoolers and school children among educators and teachers in Iasi. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the general knowledge of the oral health of teachers was correct, except for the management of dental trauma. The results of our study indicate the need for educational programs addressed to teachers in both kindergartens and schools.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to validate the Romanian version of the SAQLI, which is a health-related quality of life questionnaire specific for OSA patients. Material and methods: All patients completed the following questionnaires: Romanian version of SAQLI, Epworth and FOSQ scale. The psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct validity, repeatability) of the SAQLI wich consist in four domains: daily function, social interactions, emotional function and symptoms. Results: 30 patients were included for study (mean age: 62 ±10, with an Epworth scale of 10±2, mean of FOSQ was 79 ±12). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.72 to 0.89) and validity for Epworth scale and FOSQ were appropriate. Conclusions: The Romanian version of the SAQLI is a valid quality of life measurement with appropriate psychometric properties for use in patients with OSA.

Background and Objectives: College life is a time when students take more responsibility for health-related behaviors. Aim: To determine the oral health behaviors of dental students, to motivate their transformation into cyanogenic behaviors by applying the planned behavior model, and to determine the degree to which students can modify behavior for oral health. Material and Methods: The results of the initial and final assessment (4 months apart) of the bacterial plaque present by means of the Quigley Hein and API indexes were collected from the student files. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II -HPLP II and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) questionnaires were used to determine the variables with predictor values that influence the cognitive-perceptual factors. Results: For the “health responsibility” domain, the average total value was 2.53 ± 0.9 (SD). For the “interpersonal relationships” domain, the average value was 2.82 ± 0.79. In the case of the “nutrition” domain, the desire to change the behavior of the participants was moderate (2.53 ± 1.19). “Physical activity” represents an important field in the everyday life of young adults. The results of the study indicated a moderate desire for change (2.52 ± 0.97). In the case of “spiritual growth”, in which self-esteem, the way the individual perceives the environment and the adaptation to it were evaluated, a great desire for change was observed (2.74 ± 0.82). Scale GSE questionnaire showed an α coefficient of 28.52 ± 0.82, a value that indicated a moderate to a high level of efficacy and self-confidence. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that students have a moderate tendency to change in all areas, except for interpersonal relationships, where the desire to change something is increased. The participants have a moderate to a high level of self-efficacy and self-confidence.

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the trends in access to dental services among adults from the N-E region of Romania and to evaluate the factors that influence access to dental care. Material and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the access and utilization of dental care among a sample of adults. We collected data on their demographic characteristics, their type of medical insurance, their monthly income, the type of dental office they visited, their reasons for choosing a certain type of dentist office, and their oral hygiene habits. It was found that their financial status determined by the occupation of the individual, as well as their monthly income, influenced their access to medical services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Of a total of 696 participants, 55.6% were female, 83.3% were from urban areas, 42.1% were retired, 62.3% of the subjects utilized dental emergency services, and 67.9% of the subjects self-funded their treatment. The reasons for women not attending dental offices included costs (24.3%) and dental fear (9.8%), while men’s reasons were high costs (26.4%) and lack of time (5.9%). Significant differences were recorded between gender and reasons for visiting the dentist (p = 0.018), payment for dental services (p = 0.009), and preferred clinic (p = 0.010). In relation to occupation, there were significant differences for most of the variables evaluated (reasons to visit a dentist, payment for dental services, preferred dental clinic, self-rated oral health, etc.). Conclusions: Gender, occupation, and monthly income levels were found to influence access to dental medicine services of Romanians in the N-E region. Dental services were frequently accessed for emergency reasons. Dental services were found to be paid for by state insurance for those with low monthly incomes and self-funded for those with higher monthly incomes.

Background and Objectives: The interaction between dental alloys and saliva affects both its own properties and those of metallic materials. Materials and Methods: Samples made of Cr-Co and Ni-Cr were studied. It was opted for corrosion under tension, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology, and the chemical composition of the surface was assessed with the help of an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. In vitro testing of the cytotoxic impact of the study eluates was carried out by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Pitting areas appear in the mass of the Ni-Cr alloy. Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt dissolve and go into the solution. Corrosion is superficial in the case of the Cr-Co alloy, the corrosion points are shallow, and the amount of dissolved metal is relatively small. Mostly Nickel passes into the solution, unlike Chromium and Cobalt, which remain at this level. We noticed an increase in the viability of cell cultures in the case of Cr-Co alloy and a decrease in the number of living cells (87%) for Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusions: Common alloys (Ni-Cr and Cr-Co) are prone to corrosion, because they lack structural features that would shield the alloy from corrosion agents.

Background and Objectives: To determine whether there are changes in the cephalometric characteristics of the upper airways and hyoid bone, in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) compared to a healthy control group. Material and Methods: This retrospective case–control study included 24 patients diagnosed with OSAS (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 obtained after polysomnography) and 24 healthy subjects as a control group that completed the STOP-Bang questionnaire to determine whether they had OSAS. Lateral cephalometric examinations were recommended for all these patients. The software used for the cephalogram interpretation was CS 3D Imaging and CS Airway imaging from Carestream Dental. Results: The subjects with OSAS had a smaller superior posterior airway space (SPAS), with an average of 10.32 mm compared to a 12.20 mm mean in the control group (p = 0.03). Patients with OSAS, had a lowered middle airway space (MAS) with a mean of 7.96 mm in the OSAS group and a 10.96 mm mean in the control group (p = 0.00). All the measurements made for the hyoid bone, such as—H-MnP, H-C3, and H-B—showed increased values (means of 26.31 mm, 39.08 mm, 60.05 mm, respectively), for the OSAS group (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Patients suffering from OSAS had reduced dimensions of the SPAS and MAS values. The hyoid bone had a more inferior position in the study group (with increased values for H-MnP, H-C3, and H-B) compared to the control group.

There is a lack of information regarding the oral health of the elderly population in Romania; only a few articles have been published about their edentulism, and there are no official data regarding the oral health, OHRQoL, and prosthodontic status of this population. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the essential functional qualities of removable partial dentures (RPD) and participants’ oral-health-related wellbeing among an edentulous population from the N-E region in Romania using the OHIP-5-questionnaire. In total, 546 patients from Gr. T. Popa Iasi University were enrolled after following a set of sorting procedures. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test to determine whether there were significant differences between the various groups of patients. For questions 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the OHIP, the null hypothesis was rejected, as there were statistically significant differences between the three groups. This study was limited to a specific group. However, it can provide an insight into RPD patients’ happiness when treated in an academic environment.

The interaction between dental alloys and saliva affects both their properties and those of metallic materials. Aim: to analyze the in vitro interaction between a series of titanium-based dental alloys and artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: Samples made of Titanium and Nitinol were studied. Corrosion under tension was chosen, and a spectrophotometer was used to record the spectra of the solutions after the electrochemical treatment of the samples. In vitro testing of the cytotoxic impact of the studied eluates was conducted through flow cytometry analysis. Results: Titanium is by far the most resistant biomaterial, exhibiting the lowest corrosion rate. The cyclic potentiodynamic curve for Nitinol indicates typical pitting corrosion. Flow cytometry shows increased percentages of live cells, very low percentages of dead cells, an almost complete disappearance of pre-apoptotic cells, and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells for both materials. Conclusions: Both materials demonstrate increased stability in the oral environment and reduced cytotoxic potential.

Oral hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing dental diseases, but tooth brushing alone is insufficient for cleaning hard-to-reach interdental spaces. Aim: This comparative study investigates the effectiveness of two types of dental floss (nylon and silicone) in cleaning interproximal spaces as adjuncts to tooth brushing. Material and Methods: The study involved 20 final-year students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iași, who met specific criteria, including having more than 30% of their tooth surfaces covered with plaque and interdental bleeding. Clinical assessments were conducted at three stages (initial, intermediate, and final) using the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index, O’Leary Index, Approximal Plaque Index (API), and Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI). Results: Silicone dental floss showed greater efficiency in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding, as indicated by lower scores in the final evaluation compared to nylon floss. Conclusions: The findings suggest that silicone floss provides superior comfort, durability, and effectiveness, making it a preferable choice for consistent oral hygiene practices. These results underline the importance of incorporating adjunctive tools, such as dental floss, into daily oral care routines for optimal dental and gingival health.

Evaluating the educational environment helps to identify problems and facilitate improvements using tools such as DREEM, a multicultural instrument for measuring the educational environment. The aim of the study: to validate the Romanian version of DREEM-50 based on the original English version. Materials and Methods: Fifth-year medical students from the Faculty of Dentistry at UMPh Grigore T. Popa Iasi participated in a study using the DREEM questionnaire to assess their perceptions of the educational environment. The results were analyzed using statistical tools, confirming the instrument’s reliability and validity for evaluating and improving educational programs. The suitability of the data for this model was confirmed by the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin index and Bartlett’s sphericity test. A factor was deemed important if its eigenvalue exceeded 1.0. Reliability analyses were conducted using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to evaluate internal consistency reliability. Results: he validation of the DREEM questionnaire showed good internal consistency across all five key dimensions, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.70 to 0.90. The results, supported by high ICC and KMO values, indicate that the data is suitable for factor analysis, confirming the reliability and effectiveness of the questionnaire in evaluating students’ perceptions of the educational environment. Conclusions: DREEM-50 is considered a reliable and effective tool for assessing and improving educational environments, with significant potential for application in the Romanian educational context.

Normal individuals of all ages possess the innate ability to produce vitamin D following exposure to sunlight. Inadequate vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with a wide range of diseases, including oral health disorders. Insufficient sunlight exposure may exacerbate some of these diseases, possibly due to impaired vitamin D synthesis. Although vitamin D can be obtained from dietary sources, dietary intake alone is often insufficient, providing only 20% of the body’s requirements. Emerging data suggest that vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the development of coronary risk factors and predisposes individuals to hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and chronic vascular inflammation. Additionally, low levels of vitamin D have a significant impact on oral health status due to its immunoregulatory properties.The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health extend beyond direct effects on tooth mineralization; they also include anti-inflammatory functions and the stimulation of antimicrobial peptide production. Consequently, various oral pathologies are influenced by low levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Chronic and/or severe vitamin D deficiency can result in decreased intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. This secondary hyperparathyroidism, in turn, causes phosphaturia and accelerated bone demineralization, ultimately resulting in osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults and osteomalacia and rickets in children. Vitamin D is highly implicated in oral diseases and has been associated with a higher risk of tooth defects, caries, periodontitis, failure of oral treatments, and interference in the development of oral cancers.

Dental practitioners are at a high risk of occupational infections, but some of them do not comply with infection control practices very well. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk perception of work-related infections and the corresponding preventive measures among dental students in Iasi, Romania. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 90 subjects aged 22-28 years, attending years 4th, 5th and 6th of the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi. Results: Wearing of personal protective equipment was reported by a percentage between 20% and 88% of the students. Half of the investigated students reported that they always perform hand hygiene after dental procedures The potential risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens in the dental office was correctly estimated by 23% of students for HBV, 26% for HCV, and 33% for HIV. A percentage of 73% of study participants declared that they received full HBV vaccine, and 60% of students were not sure about what they must do in case of an accident with exposure to blood. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the need for continuous information and a better awareness of young practitioners on work-related infections and preventive measures in dentistry.

Background: Root resorption, characterized by the gradual deterioration of tooth root structure, is a frequently encountered issue in orthodontic treatment. The aim was assess the existing evidence on inflammatory root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: A review of the literature was carried out to identify articles examining orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) published between 2013 and 2023.We search for available on electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct for research studies focusing on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).Results: A total of 51 studies that met the criteria for potential eligibility were recognized. This articles provides a comprehensive overview of root resorption, beginning with a clear definition of the phenomenon and its various types, including external and internal root resorption, in addition, this delves into the multifactorial nature of root resorption, elucidating the primary contributors, such as mechanical forces, biological factors, and genetic predispositions. In the event of severe external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment, force application should be discontinued, and an endodontic consultation should be sought to determine the need for root canal therapy, particularly in relation to anterior teeth. Conclusions: There is a connection between the application of forces and an escalation in the extent of root resorption. Preventing root resorption during orthodontic treatment requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing the use of light forces, regular radiographic monitoring, minimizing the distance of tooth movement, and adopting treatment regimens that preserve the roots.

Introduction: The multitude of definitions for the centric relation (CR) has sparked extensive scientific debates, marking significant milestones in the evolution of concepts in these fields. The discourse surrounding CR has remained contentious for over a century, and there is still a persistent divergence of perspectives. Aim: This narrative review aims to unravel the evolutionary trajectory of CR definitions, seeking to untangle the existing confusion prevalent within specialized literature. Moreover, it endeavors to provide guiding principles within this contentious domain, offering valuable insights to practitioners, students, educators, and researchers. Discussion: Dentistry has not arrived at a consensus definition and concept of CR. Even in the era of evidence-based dentistry, CR still leaves room for controversy. Conclusion: The evolution of the CR concept and its definition, progressing from the exact specification of the maxillomandibular relationship, temporomandibular joint elements, and hinge axis and to its partial “abandonment” due to the individuality and particularities of the patients, should be contextualized within the functional and adaptable nature of the stomatognathic system.

Adolescents and young adults’ active lifestyles make dental trauma a significant medical concern. Aim: This study aims to assess the etiology, frequency, and localization of dental and periodontal trauma in adolescents and young adults, along with these individuals’ predisposition based on age, gender, and residence. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 109 adolescents and young adults from a database of the Emergency and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at “Sf. Spiridon” Hospital, Iasi, Romania. The collected data included demographic details, mechanisms of dental and periodontal trauma, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, with comparisons based on age, gender, and residence. Results: Enamel fractures (23.9%) and enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (20.2%) were the most frequent dental injuries. Concussion (58.7%), subluxation (21.1%), luxation, avulsion (7.3%), and extrusion (5.5%) were common periodontal injuries. The anterior region of the dental arch accounted for the majority (60.6%) of injuries. Adolescents under 17 years were more prone to enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (23.8%), enamel-dentin fractures with pulp exposure (20.6%), and root fractures (20.6%), while young adults over 18 years had a higher incidence of enamel fractures (32.6%) and crown-root fractures (30.4%). Falls (66.7%) were the predominant cause of trauma for female patients, whereas male patients were more often injured during sports activities (49.3%). The younger age group was 0.29 times more likely to sustain enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure (p = 0.049, OR = 0.291) and root fractures (p = 0.047, OR = 0.241). Conclusions: Traumatic dental injuries are more prevalent in young adults compared to adolescents, with falls and sports activities being the most common causes, particularly among males. These findings emphasize the need for targeted preventive programs aimed at reducing the incidence of dento-periodontal trauma in these age groups.

Introduction. A questionnaire is a standard method for gathering specific information from a survey’s target audience. Questionnaires are commonly used by researchers to elicit the information needed to measure the variables or items that make up the study’s area of interest and to react to the study’s aims. Material and Method. 20 patients were selected from among the patients who attended dental offices in Iasi, between October 2022 and March 2023. Responses were checked for construct validity (including confirmatory factor analysis to check the factor structure of the scale) and internal reliability. Results. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that items loaded on the appropriate factors in a five factor model (doctors, nurses, access, appointments, and facilities). Scores on the specific subscales showed highly significant positive correlations with general satisfaction subscale scores suggesting construct validity. Conclusions. The Romanian versions of the PSQ-46 can be used to measure the patient satisfaction regarding the quality of dental services. PSQ-46 has good psychometric properties and can be used for research in population surveys regarding medical services.

Orthodontic mini-implants are devices used for anchorage in various orthodontic treatments. We conducted a pilot study which aimed to observe preliminary trends regarding the impact of heat treatment on the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. The initial phase involved testing the impact of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. Material and methods: Ten self-drilling mini-implants sourced from two distinct manufacturers (Jeil Medical Corporation® and Leone®) with dimensions of 2.0 mm diameter and 10 mm length were tested. They were separated into two material groups: Ti6Al4V and 316L. Using the CETRUMT-2 microtribometer equipment, indentation testing was conducted employing a diamond-tipped Rockwell penetrator at a constant force of 4.5 N. Results: Slight differences were observed in the elastic modulus of the Ti6Al4V alloy (103.99 GPa) and stainless steel 316L (203.20 GPa) compared to natural bone. The higher elastic moduli of these materials indicate that they are stiffer, which could potentially lead to stress-shielding phenomena and bone resorption. Heat treatment resulted in significant changes in mechanical properties, including elastic modulus reductions of approximately 26.14% for Ti6Al4V and 24.82% for 316L, impacting their performance in orthodontic applications. Conclusion: Understanding the effects of heat treatment on these alloys is crucial for optimizing their biomechanical compatibility and longevity in orthodontic treatment. To fully evaluate the effects of heat treatment on mini-implants and to refine their design and efficacy in clinical practice, further research is needed.

Physico-chemical degradation of the dental substance is a significant event that can occur during interocclusal activities. Aim: The intention of this study is to provide as accurate data as possible, with the aim of facilitating possible comparisons between physiognomic dental biomaterials. Material and methods: The material used to investigate the tribological behavior is ceramic (VITA In-Ceram, VITA VM 13). For the experimental tests, a simulator was imagined based on some anthropometric measurements, in which the models were mounted in the form of microprostheses with the establishment of certain relationships correct intermaxilla. A series of experimental determinations concerning the dynamic resistance of the interposed layer between the surfaces in contact were carried out. Results: The depth of the worn layer is very small (0.3 microns) under the conditions of one million cycles, which confirms the wear resistance of ceramic materials. Conclusion: In the case of the realization of dental prostheses of small amplitude on opposing teeth, they must be made of the same material to avoid differences in resistance to breakage and abrasion. The calculated data cannot be compared with those from the specialized literature worldwide, as research in this field is very limited.

Quality of Life (QoL) has an impact on the interaction and social integration of people, helping with self-confidence and well-being, which may or may not be influenced by the presence of malocclusions. Orthodontic treatment is the treatment of choice for dento-maxillary anomalies and as the latest data show, there is an increase in the number of people seeking fixed orthodontic treatment. To gain knowledge of the importance of orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL), we conducted a systematic review for evidence regarding the influence of orthodontic treatment on OHRQOL in children and adolescents.

The aim of the study was to assess the mother’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health in relation to the oral health of 6-year-old children from Iasi, Romania. The results of our study showed that the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding oral health is moderate and the level of education influences the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding oral health among mothers, mothers with higher educational levels had a high level of knowledge compared to mothers with high school education.

Few economic studies on the costs of health programs have been published to date, most providing information that cannot allow valid comparisons of the cost-effectiveness of various dental restorative materials. Material and method: The study group was represented by 92 children aged 6-16 years. We calculated the cost-effectiveness ratio for two preventive programme: sealings and fluoridation. Results and discussions: The total cost of a sealing for the children studied was RON 4.697,4854. The total cost of fluoridation in the children studied was RON 1,575.1398. Total sealing time was 53 hours and total fluoridation time was 39 hours. Conclusion: Economic evaluation is a component rarely used in the assessment of oral public health. The impact of the health economy is felt not only from an economic point of view, but also from a medical point of view.

The accumulation of knowledge and attitudes related to oral health, mainly the prevention, control and treatment of dental diseases, is very important during the training of future dentists. Material and methode: The study group is represented by 180 subjects from the Faculty of Dentistry and the College of Dental Technology. In order to make a correlation between the state of oral health, the level of knowledge in the medical field and the way of application in practice, we used questionnaire used by Al-Omiri and collaborators and an adapted version of the Hiroshima questionnaire. Results and discussion: The results obtained showed that most of the students participating in the study care about their oral health. The HU-DBI score was an average of 3,924 for students in the Faculty of Dentistry and 2,293 for students in the College. Conclussion: The level of academic training influences the oral health behaviour.

Health is the ability of an organism to adapt to new threats and infirmities. Health promotion addresses the determinants of health, which influence modifiable risk behaviors. Health promotion includes the involvement of communities in setting priorities, making decisions, planning strategies and implementing them in order to achieve optimal health. health promotion involves personal and social development, through the provision of information, health education and the improvement of life skills.

The oral cavity which is known as the buccal cavity is the first part of the digestive system, being ovoidal in shape. Anatomically, the oral cavity has 2 compartments: the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper. Anaemic syndromes are haematological disorders that have a significant impact on the quality of life and that cause important changes on the structures of the oral cavity. Proper examination of the compartments of the oral cavity can provide important information on systemic diseases that develop anaemic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe the main types of anaemic syndromes and how they affect the structures of oral cavity. The oral symptoms of the anemia are non-specific but should alert dentists to the possibility of a severe systemic disease. These manifestations must be properly recognized to obtain appropriate diagnosis and referral for correct treatment.

The oral mucosa plays an important role in the body, due to its multiple functions. The normal structure and the functions of the oral mucosa can be frequently affected, temporarily or permanently, as a result of inflammation with or without infections, physical aggression, chemical trauma, iatrogenic or other causes. The oral mucosa is involved in signaling and protecting against aero-digestive diseases and at the same time can be an indicator and evaluator (along with the smell sense) of substances that are introduced into the body voluntarily or involuntarily. No doubt that some areas such as the lingual mucosa, may in some cases reflect the general health of the digestive tract or even the body. Due to its morphological and chemical structure, the oral mucosa allows a faster diffusion, compared to the skin, of some ions and therapeutic molecules, the risk of sensitization being extremely low. Pharmacotherapy is known to be the most common and convenient way to administer drugs by swallowing. However research has shown that transmucosal absorption requires adequate blood supply to the submucosal connective tissue, a requirement that is appreciably met by the oral mucosa through the presence of abundant circulation that greatly increases the amount of substances absorbed. Taken as a whole and summarizing the functional implications of the oral mucosa, it can be concluded that this is an area of the stomatognathic system with complex roles and connections with the neighborhood and ensures a good development of digestive function, phonation and secondary to respiratory function.

The design of skeletal partial removable dentures must be made following a thorough analysis of their possibilities of movement during the exercise of the functions of the dental-maxillary apparatus. Through the study we aim to individualize the balance between aesthetics and functionality within the clinical-technological algorithm for making partially mobilizable skeletal prostheses, anchored in the classic register, therapeutic solutions dictated by the particularity of the clinical case. The algorithm for the realization of a number of 36 removable skeletal prostheses anchored in the classic register made of Cr-Co alloys, respectively Ni-Cr, was evaluated, their final design being grafted on the specificity of the clinical-biological indices corroborated with the therapeutic principles for each clinical case. The classical systems of therapeutic solution of partially extended edentation are valid in any conditions of local, loco-regional pathology, subsequent to the resolution of the complications present at the level of the muco-osseous or dental-periodontal support.

Background and Objectives: The HH (hand hygiene) technique is relatively simple. Even so, in practice there are still non-conformities regarding this aspect. Lack of knowledge or lack of compliance can be reasons for non-adherence with HH techniques. In this context, the purpose of this study was to follow the realization of the hand-washing technique with hydroalcoholic solution, applied before and after receiving the HH recommendations. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. Students from a second year dental medicine class teaching in French 2021/22 “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi were included in the study. The approval of the ethics commission was received: No. 184/05.05.2022. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, HH was performed without any recommendation. In the second stage, the antiseptic hand rubbing technique was presented following the WHO recommendations. The fluorescent Fluo-Add solution, Wood lamp for dermatology (4 × 5.5 W ultraviolet tubes with a wavelength of 360 nm), and photo camera were used. Subjects performed their HH movement before and after receiving instructions according to WHO. Images were initially taken from the backhand and palm and were finally analyzed with Image Color Summarizer. The data were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U Test, t-test paired samples using IBM-SPSS version 26 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After analyzing the images, there were 70 subjects, 45.7% (32) female and 54.33% (38) male. Final average covered area of backhand was 60.89% (±17.17), 28.84:86.11, compared to 52.07% (±17.04), 9:85.23. Final average covered area for palm was 69.91% (±13.5), 31.61:93.41 compared to 59.74% (±16.64), 26.13:92.72. No statistical significance was obtained by gender. Conclusions: The study showed an improvement in hand hygiene technique without highlighting gender differences.

Background and Objectives: Infection control practices in dentistry should be continuously evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of dental students from Iași, Romania about infection control in the dental office. Materials and Methods: Dental students and resident dentists attending the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iași were randomly selected in accordance with ethical guidelines, and a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online study was conducted. The questionnaire included 21 items about infection control in dentistry. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the chi-square test was used for data comparison, with a cutoff point of 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: The study sample included 150 subjects (75.3% female and 24.7% male) with a mean age of 25.71 ± 4.54 years. Mode of infection transmission was known by 74% of the subjects, and 76% were aware of standard precautions, with significant differences by the year of study (p = 0.012, r = 0.002). A percentage of 20% of subjects knew the means of transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) (p = 0.032, r = 0.166). Most of the subjects were not vaccinated against HBV (p = 0.002, r = −0.274). Notions of high-level disinfection and sterilization were confused by 19.5% of the subjects. Only 22% of the subjects knew the correct processing of handpieces (p = 0.048, r = −0.071). The sources of information were diverse for 64.66% of the respondents, while 31.33% of them used courses and seminars only. Conclusions: There is a need for improvement in the level of knowledge on infection control for both dental students and residents.