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The zinc metal anodes are liable to experience detrimental dendrite growth and side reactions, thereby limiting the lifespan of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Here, a readily available supramolecule, dimethoxypillar[5]arene (DP[5]), is utilized as a shielding layer to stabilize the Zn anode by exploiting its zincophilicity derived from the ─OCH3 functional groups and its hydrophobicity from the hydrophobic backbone. The DP[5] shielding layer regulates the solvation sheath of Zn2+ and facilitates uniform zinc deposition. Swelling and dendrite formation are obviously suppressed in both the symmetric and full cells. The DP[5]‐Zn symmetrical cell cycles stably for 5500 h, and achieves a coulombic efficiency of 99.76% in a DP[5]‐Zn||Cu half‐cell after 2200 cycles. The DP[5]‐Zn||V2O5 full cell maintains 92.03% of initial capacity after 6000 cycles. Given the cost‐effective fabrication and environmental friendliness of DP[5] films, this material may pave the way for practical applications of zinc anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid zinc‐ion capacitors combine the energy storage capabilities of zinc‐ion batteries with the high‐power output of supercapacitors. However, the limited cycle life and narrow electrochemical window of hybrid zinc‐ion capacitors currently restrict their potential applications. Herein, a hybrid zinc‐ion capacitor is fabricated on laser‐induced graphene (LIG) based on in situ electropolymerization of organic compound poly(8‐amino‐2‐naphthol). The electropolymerized long‐conjugated chain polymers on the 3D conductive framework of LIG can enhance reaction kinetics, suppress the dissolution of organic compounds, and boost capacity. Simultaneously, hydrogen bonds form between polymer chains, aiding in proton transport. The assembled Zn//carbon cloth/LIG/poly(8‐amino‐2‐naphthol) hybrid zinc‐ion capacitors possess a high specific capacity of 308 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA cm−2, which is twice as much as that of the batteries without LIG. Additionally, these hybrid capacitors can stably endure 10 000 cycles at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐energy‐density aqueous zinc‐ion batteries requires the preparation of cathodes with a thick layer of active material. However, the insulating nature and dissolution of vanadium‐based oxides lead to low areal capacity (0.1,1 mA h cm−2) during the charge/discharge cycle. Herein, V2O5 nanospheres are generated by anchoring onto the laser‐induced graphene (LIG) conductive network through defect‐induced adsorption, resulting in the formation of pomegranate‐like V2O5@LIG composites. The unique and abundant defect structure in the honeycomb LIG can trigger the formation of uniform V2O5 nanospheres with high specific surface area and interact electronically with V2O5 to enhance the electrical conductivity of the cathode materials up to four orders of magnitude. In contrast to conventional carbon materials that can cause steric hindrance for ion transport, the micropores within LIG shorten the ion transport path through the cathode. Concurrently, the pomegranate‐like encapsulated structure effectively prevents cathode material corrosion. Under a high‐loading mass of 17.1 mg cm−2, the full cell is stably cycled for 200 cycles, possessing a 92.5% capacity retention, and achieving a high areal capacity of 6.05 mA h cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As electronic devices advance, the electromagnetic (EM) interference generated by the emission of EM waves persists and intensifies, considerably impacting the normal operation of electronic equipment and human health. To address this issue, microporous composite silver nanowire (AgNWs)/activated nanofiber (ANF) aerogels, endowed with EM-shielding properties, were prepared via liquid nitrogen unidirectional freezing and freeze-drying techniques. Hydrogen bonds generated between the carbonyl groups of polyvinylpyrrolidone covering the surfaces of the AgNWs and the amino groups of ANF promoted entanglement between AgNWs and ANF. This integration not only improved the mechanical properties but also diminished the pore dimensions of AgNWs/ANF aerogels. In addition, the incorporation of 50 wt % AgNWs exceptionally boosted the electrical conductivity of the composite, measuring at 845.5 S/cm, while maintaining a low density of 89.4 mg/cm3. Simultaneously, this composite aerogel exhibited an EM interference (EMI) shielding effect of 31.4 dB, adequately meeting the requirements of various commercial applications that necessitate EMI shielding. Overall, this lightweight aerogel possesses promising potential for applications in the electronics and communication field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cases of toxic mushroom poisoning occur frequently in China every year. In particular, mushrooms containing amanitins can cause acute liver damage, with high mortality rates. The symptoms of acute liver damage are experienced 9-72 h after consumption of the mushrooms. At this time, the concentration of amanitins in blood and urine is too low to be detected even by the highly sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), thus rendering clinical diagnosis and treatment difficult. To this end, a method was developed for the determination of α -amanitin, β -amanitin and γ -amanitin in urine and plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. Urine and plasma samples were extracted and cleaned up by using an immunoaffinity column. A sample of 2.00 mL urine or 1.00 mL of plasma was diluted with 8.00 mL of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and then loaded onto the immunoaffinity column at a flow rate of 0.5-1.0 mL/min. After washing the column with 10 mL of PBS and 13 mL of water successively, the bound amanitins were eluted with 3.00 mL of methanol-acetone (1∶1, v/v). The eluent was dried under nitrogen at 55 ℃. The residue was dissolved in 100 μL of 10% (v/v) methanol aqueous solution. The amanitins in urine were concentrated 20 times, while those in plasma were concentrated 10 times. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex Biphenyl column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using methanol and 0.005% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases. The three amanitins were detected by negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by the solvent standard curve external standard method. Method validation was performed as recommended by the European Drug Administration (EMEA). Four levels of quality control (QC) samples were prepared, which covered the calibration curve range, viz., the limit of quantification (LOQ), within three times the LOQ (low QC), medium QC, and at 85% of the upper calibration curve range (high QC), and used to test the accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability. The calibration curves for the three amanitins showed good linear relationships in the range of 0.1-200 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients ( r ) were greater than 0.999. The matrix effects and extraction efficiencies of the three amanitins in urine and plasma were 92%-108% and 90%-103%, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were less than 13%. The accuracies of the three amanitins in urine were within -9.4%-8.0%. The repeatability and intermediate accuracies were 3.0%-14% and 3.5%-18%, respectively. When the sampling volume was 2.00 mL, the limits of detection of the three amanitins in urine were 0.002 ng/mL. The accuracies of the three amanitins in plasma were within -13%-8.0%. The repeatability and intermediate accuracies were 3.9%-9.7% and 5.5%-12%, respectively. When the sampling volume was 1.00 mL, the limits of detection of the three amanitins in plasma were 0.004 ng/mL. The developed method is simple, sensitive, and accurate. During toxic mushroom poisoning detection, 0.0067 ng/mL of α -amanitin and 0.0059 ng/mL of β -amanitin were detected in the urine of poisoned patients 138 h after ingesting poisonous mushrooms. This method has successfully solved the problem of detecting ultra-trace levels of amanitins in the urine and plasma of poisoned patients. It has important practical significance for the early diagnosis, early treatment, and mortality reduction of suspected poisoning patients. This method can also provide reliable technical support for future research on the toxicological effects and in vivo metabolism of these toxins.