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Quantum measurements severely disrupt the dynamic evolution of a quantum system by collapsing the probabilistic wavefunction. This principle can be leveraged to control quantum states by effectively freezing the system's dynamics or enhancing transitions between states. These are known as the quantum Zeno effect (ZE) and anti-Zeno effect (AZE), respectively. However, it remains elusive how quantum measurements affect topological states, which are famous for their robustness against disorder and perturbations. Here, we theoretically and experimentally show that the dynamic evolution of topological boundary states (TBSs) can be controlled by quantum-like measurement (QLM). Our work is based on spatially modulated topological acoustic waveguide systems with varying parameters that adiabatically pump the TBS across the bulk to the opposite boundary. Therein, the QLM is emulated using a perturbation to the Hamiltonian known as the Zeno subspace. With the help of quantum metrics, we identify the general conditions for ZE and AZE, and experimentally demonstrate their effects in freezing and accelerating the tunneling of the TBS. Furthermore, we discover a tunneling mechanism by varying the strength of the QLM. These results highlight QLM as a versatile tool for manipulating topological states and wave propagation., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Multimode interference (MMI) is a fundamental physical principle that plays a crucial role in modern communication technologies for wave splitting, filtering, switching and multiplexing. Typically, the generation of multimodes is highly dependent on the waveguide's cross-section, particularly its width, by which the mode profiles and the interference patterns can be severely affected, leading to unstable MMI performance. Here, we realize width-independent and robust MMI waveguides. Our principle is based on the unique properties of multilayer graphene lattices. By properly modulating the boundary potential, this Dirac-type material supports anomalous bulk states with uniform wavefunctions independent of the sample size. Benefited from such an anomaly, the bulk states in a waveguide formed by multiple layers of graphene ribbons exhibit width-independent MMI. Enabled by this intriguing characterisitc, we construct 2*2 MMI waveguides using bilayer photonic and phononic crystals with graphene lattices. By precisely modulating their boundaries, the anomalous bulk states and correspondingly the width-independent MMI are achieved. Our experimental measurements show that the input wave energy travelling through the MMI waveguide can be split into two outputs with a frequency-tunable ratio, and due to the width-independent characteristic, the splitter is robust to geometric perturbations. We further demonstrate stable MMI across multiple interconnects with stepped widths, allowing for high power capacity while maintaining high coupling efficiency. Our approach successfully decouples MMI performance from waveguide width, creating lateral degrees of freedom that enable flexibly scalable and robust photonic, phononic, and electronic integrated circuits for versatile MMI applications., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

Phonons, the quanta of lattice vibrations, are primary heat carriers for semiconductors and dielectrics. The demand of effective phonon manipulation urgently emerges, because the thermal management is crucial for the ongoing development of micro/nano semiconductor devices towards higher integration and power densities1, 2. Phonons also show wave-particle duality, while they are commonly treated as particle flows in current semiconductor structures3, 4. However, it sees constraints when the structure size reduces to nano and atomic scales, where the wave behavior of phonons begins to dominate, and studies of these phonon behaviors and their manipulations become long-standing challenges in experiments5. Here we show the experimental realization of coherent phonon transport, a wave-based thermal conduction fashion, in semiconductor structures. We report the successful observation of robust phonon coherence and tunneling effect in InAs/AlAs superlattices over an extensive temperature range up to 500 K, a breakthrough towards practical-application temperature for semiconductors compared with cryogenic conditions6. Our results demonstrate that the phonon coherence is robust even at a record-high interface density due to the dominating long-wavelength phonons, and the first-principles calculations clearly reveal their wave-particle duality. This revelation heralds a promising pathway towards efficient thermal phonon engineering at extreme scales, holding implications for a broad spectrum of semiconductor device applications, including microelectronics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics.

Addressing critical challenges in Lamb wave resonators, this paper presents the first validation of resonators incorporating sub-wavelength through-holes. Using the A3 mode resonator based on a LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film and operating in the K band as a prominent example, we demonstrate the advantages of the through-hole design. In the absence of additional processing steps, and while maintaining device performance--including operating frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and quality factor--without introducing extra spurious modes, this approach effectively reduces the ineffective suspension area of the piezoelectric LN film, potentially enhancing mechanical and thermal stability. It also standardizes etching distances (and times) across various Lamb wave resonators on a single wafer, facilitating the development of Lamb wave filters. The versatility of the through-hole technique, with relaxed constraints on hole geometry and arrangement, further highlights its significance. Together with the other advantages, these features underscore the transformative potential of through-holes in advancing the practical implementation of Lamb wave resonators and filters., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures

Despite extensive exploration of acoustic vortices carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), the generation of acoustic vortices with OAM orientations beyond the conventional longitudinal direction remains largely unexplored. Spatiotemporal (ST) vortices, featuring spiral phase twisting in the ST domain and carrying transverse OAM, have recently attracted considerable interest in optics and acoustics. Here, we report the generation of three-dimensional (3D) ST acoustic vortices with arbitrarily oriented OAM, thereby opening up a new dimension in acoustic OAM control. By utilizing a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic phased array, we introduce two approaches to manipulate the orientation of OAM: through the direct rotation of vortices in 3D space and the intersection of vortices carrying distinct types of OAM. These methods enable unprecedented control over the orientation of acoustic OAM, providing a new degree of freedom in the manipulation of acoustic waves. The arbitrarily oriented OAM holds promise for enhancing acoustic communication by broadening capacity and enabling more complex particle manipulation techniques. Our work establishes a foundation for future explorations into the complex dynamics of novel structured acoustic fields in the ST domain.

This work proposes a double-layer thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO3) longitudinally excited shear wave resonator with a theoretical electromechanical coupling coefficient exceeding 60%, RaR close to 28%, and no spurious modes. This ultra-large electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is close to the upper limit of LiNbO3, is much larger than all microwave acoustic resonators reported so far. Based on X-cut thin-film LiNbO3, when the film thickness is in the order of hundreds of nanometers, the frequency of the fundamental mode of the resonator can cover 1GHz to10GHz. The resonator design is convenient and flexible. The resonant frequency can be modulated monotonically by changing either the electrode or the thickness of the thin-film LiNbO3 without introducing additional spurious modes. This ideal resonator architecture is also applicable to LiTaO3. With the development of the new generation of mobile communications, this resonator is expected to become a key solution for future high-performance, ultra-wide-bandwidth acoustic filters., Comment: 15 pages,9 figures

Spin and orbital angular momenta are fundamental physical characteristics described by polarization and spatial degrees of freedom, respectively. Polarization is a feature of vector fields while spatial phase gradient determines the orbital angular momentum ubiquitous to any scalar field. Common wisdom treats these two degrees of freedom as distinct and independent principles to manipulate wave propagations. Here, we demonstrate their synergy. This is achieved by introducing two orthogonal $p$-orbitals as eigenbases, whose spatial modal features are exploited to generate orbital angular momenta and the associated orbital orientations provide means to simultaneously manipulate polarizations. Through periodic modulation and directional coupling, we realize a full cyclic evolution of the synchronized and synergized spin-orbital angular momenta. Remarkably, this evolution acquires a nontrivial geometric phase, leading to its representation on a M\"obius strip. Experimentally, an acoustic cavity array is designed, whose dipole resonances precisely mimic the $p$-orbitals. The acoustic waves, uniquely, see the pressure (scalar) field as a spatial feature and carry an intrinsic polarization defined by the velocity (vector) field, serving as an ideal platform to observe the synergy of spin and orbital angular momenta. Based on such a property, we further showcase a spin-orbital-Hall effect, highlighting the intricate locking of handedness, directionality, spin density and spatial mode profile. Our study unveils a fundamental connection between spin and orbital angular momenta, promising avenues for novel applications in information coding and high-capacity communications.

We report the quantum transport properties of the $\alpha$-Sn films grown on CdTe (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The $\alpha$-Sn films are doped with phosphorus to tune the Fermi level and access the bulk state. Clear Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations can be observed below 30 K and a nontrivial Berry phase has been confirmed. A nearly spherical Fermi surface has been demonstrated by angle-dependent oscillation frequencies. In addition, the sign of negative magnetoresistance which is attributed to the chiral anomaly has also been observed. These results provide strong evidence of the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal phase in $\alpha$-Sn.

Non-Abelian topological phases (NATPs) are highly sought-after candidate states for quantum computing and communication while lacking straightforward configuration and manipulation, especially for classical waves. In this work, we exploit novel braid-type couplings among a pair of triple-component acoustic dipoles, which act as functional elements with effective imaginary couplings. Sequencing them in one dimension allows us to generate acoustic NATPs in a compact yet reciprocal Hermitian system. We further provide the whole phase diagram that encompasses all i, j, and k non-Abelian phases, and directly demonstrate their unique quotient relations via different endpoint states. Our NATPs based on real-space braiding may inspire the exploration of acoustic devices with non-commutative characters.

Local density-of-states (LDOS) is a fundamental spectral property that plays a central role in various physical phenomena such as wave-matter interactions. Here, we report on the direct measurement of the LDOS of acoustic systems and derive from which the fractional topological number in an acoustic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger system. The acoustic LDOS is quantified here with a state-of-the-art technique through the measurement of the volume flow rate and the acoustic pressure with a local excitation-probe configuration. Based on this method, we study the acoustic Purcell effect and establish experimentally the important relation between the near-field LDOS and the far-field acoustic emission power. Moreover, we detect the LDOS in the one-dimensional acoustic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and observe the fractional topological number of the system. Our work unveils the important role of the LDOS in acoustic phenomena and paves the way toward characterizing and tailoring the LDOS in topological systems.

The past decades have witnessed the flourishing of non-Hermitian physics in non-conservative systems, leading to unprecedented phenomena of unidirectional invisibility, enhanced sensitivity and more recently the novel topological features such as bulk Fermi arcs. Among them, growing efforts have been invested to an intriguing phenomenon, known as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Here, we review the recent progress in this emerging field. By starting from the one-dimensional (1D) case, the fundamental concepts of NHSE, its minimal model, the physical meanings and consequences are elaborated in details. In particular, we discuss the NHSE enriched by lattice symmetries, which gives rise to unique non-Hermitian topological properties with revised bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) and new definitions of topological invariants. Then we extend the discussions to two and higher dimensions, where dimensional surprises enable even more versatile NHSE phenomena. Extensions of NHSE assisted with extra degrees of freedom such as long-range coupling, pseudospins, magnetism, non-linearity and crystal defects are also reviewed. This is followed by the contemporary experimental progress for NHSE. Finally, we provide the outlooks to possible future directions and developments.

Defects play a crucial role in the physical properties of crystals, whether for classical or quantum systems. For example, in photonic/phononic crystals, defects can serve as precise guidance and localization of classical electromagnetic or mechanical waves. Rainbow concentrating, a recently proposed exotic wave localization [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 113902 (2021)] exploits defects to enable the collection and frequency routing of weak signals in real space. In this paper, using a solid-state phononic crystal (PnC) plate, we experimentally verify this phenomenon by deliberately infusing a homogeneous graded dislocation, i.e., a line defect, into the PnC. Two PnCs separated by the defect will breed deterministic interface states along with the defect, offering rainbow trapping and concentrating for elastic waves. Our PnC-based rainbow trappers and concentrators are scalable and configurable, promising for advancing applications like energy harvesting, information processing, and acoustofluidic manipulating., Comment: 10 Page, 7 figures