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Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Genetic Ablation of the Amplified-in-Breast Cancer 1 Inhibits Spontaneous Prostate Cancer Progression in Mice

Although the amplified-in-breast cancer 1 (AIB1; SRC-3, ACTR, or NCoA3) was defined as a coactivator for androgen receptor (AR) by in vitro studies, its role in AR-mediated prostate development and prostate cancer remained unexplored. We report here that AIB1 is expressed in the basal and stromal cells but not in the epithelial cells of the normal mouse prostates. AIB1 deficiency only slightly delayed prostate growth and had no effect on androgen-dependent prostate regeneration, suggesting an unessential role of AIB1 in AR function in the prostate. Surprisingly, when prostate tumorigenesis was induced by the SV40 transgene in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, AIB1 expression was observed in certain epithelial cells of the prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and well-differentiated carcinoma and in almost all cells of the poorly differentiated carcinoma. After AIB1 was genetically inactivated in AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice, the progression of prostate tumorigenesis in most AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice was arrested at the well-differentiated carcinoma stage. Wild-type (WT)/TRAMP mice developed progressive, multifocal, and metastatic prostate tumors and died between 25 and 34 weeks. In contrast, AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice only exhibited PIN and early-stage well-differentiated carcinoma by 39 weeks. AIB1−/−/TRAMP prostates showed much lower cell proliferation than WT/TRAMP prostates. Most AIB1−/−/TRAMP mice could survive more than 35 weeks and died with other types of tumors or unknown reasons. Our results indicate that induction of AIB1 expression in partially transformed epithelial cells is essential for progression of prostate tumorigenesis into poorly differentiated carcinoma. Inhibition of AIB1 expression or function in the prostate epithelium may be a potential strategy to suppress prostate cancer initiation and progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5965–75]

We have previously reported our early experience in robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy. The current case series is a report of our experience in 33 robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy.Prospective series of patients who underwent robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2010 to March 2019.Thirty-one patients underwent robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy with two additional second procedure for positive margin. Median age is 55 years (29-85). Twenty-five patients had rT1 disease and six patients had tumor invaded sphenoid floor (rT3). Median operative time was 227 min and median blood loss was 200 ml. The median follow-up period for all patients were 38 months. Four patients had local recurrence. Five-year local control rate, overall survival, and disease-free survival are 85.1%, 55.7%, and 69.1%, respectively.Robotic-assisted nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngectomy was showed to have a high local control rate. The operating time was comparable to open surgery.