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The paper presents the reconstruction of the lifestyle, environment, and climate conditions of the inhabitants of the forest-steppe zone of the East European Plain in the Middle Bronze Age. Presented study is based on the results of archaeological work on the territory of the archaeological heritage site «Volkhonskiye Vyselki 1, kurgan» carried out in 2021 by the expedition of the Lipetsk regional scientific public organization «Archaeological Research». The mound belongs to the Middle Don Catacomb culture and contains 9 graves. It was demonstrated that the climate at the time of the creation of the mound were more arid than at modern times by soil-archaeological method. Levels of mobile P forms in soils suggest that the site was used for feasts, both before the creation of the mound and after. The gender and age, osteometric and pathological characteristics of the skeletons of 15 buried are given. Because of the results of isotope analyzes it has been assumed that the diet of the deceased was based on plant food.

Optimal cow feeding is the basis for successful dairy production, since feed costs can be up to half the cost of milk. An effective feeding program should achieve several goals: planned milk productivity, increased consumption of dry matter and improved functioning of the rumen microflora. Feed additives that affect the animal’s body play an important role in the diet, which is expressed in an increase in the average daily weight gain, a decrease in conversion rates and an improvement in metabolic processes. However, it is important to remember that additives alone cannot guarantee high productivity or economic benefits of dairy production. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the multicomponent feed additive “Felucene” on the hygienic quality and safety of cow’s milk. The experiment was carried out in an educational and experimental farm, where, according to the principle of analogues, two groups of dairy cows of 40 heads each were formed. Both groups received the basic diet adopted by the farm, but the first group additionally received “Felucene” at the rate of 5 g per 1 kg of body weight. The analysis of milk composition and productivity was carried out on the 10th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the study. The use of Felucene led to a 10% increase in dairy productivity of cows and improved milk quality characteristics: the mass fraction of fat increased by 0.09%, protein — by 0.20%, lactose — by 0.18%. The number of fat globules increased by 22%, and the content of the casein fraction increased by 10%. At the same time, the volume of milk corresponding to Class I in rennet fermentation and thermal stability increased by 18% and 17%, respectively.

Dairy goat breeding is a new developing branch of animal husbandry in Russia. The prospects for processing goat’s milk are very wide, which is due to an increase in consumer demand for it. Obtaining the maximum amount of products and maintaining animal health is possible with the use of modern feed products. Therefore, an important and urgent task of scientific research is to study the productivity of dairy goats when feeding dry biomass of microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris, which was the purpose of this work. The objects of the study were dairy goats in the type of Zaanen breed. To conduct an experiment based on the principle of groups of analogues, taking into account live weight and age, four groups of female goats (three experimental and one control) of 20 animals each (according to the Ovsyannikov method) were formed. The animals of the control group received the basic household ration, and dry biomass of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae was introduced into the diet of the experimental groups in doses of 4; 6; 8 g / kg of body weight / day. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the introduction of an experimental drug into the diet of goats increased the average daily milk yield of goats of the first experimental group by 0.02%, the second experimental group by 1.66 and the third experimental group by 3.27%, which allows us to determine the most optimal dose of the introduction of an experimental probiotic drug into the diet of goats, which amounted to 6 g / kg of body weight.