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Objective: YouTube (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA), an online video-sharing platform, has become a resource for health information. However, the quality of the information presented to viewers is not well known. This study is an examination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of YouTube videos related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and provides analysis of data of the number of views and the relationship between the popularity and quality of videos related to OCD. Method: This was a qualitative, cross-sectional study. A total of 131 English-language videos related to OCD available on YouTube were reviewed. The DISCERN questionnaire, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and a YouTube OCD-Specific Score instrument were used to evaluate the videos. Details of the length of the videos, the number of views, the number of likes/dislikes, and the length of time since upload were analyzed. Results: The source of the videos was most often a psychiatrist/psychologist (n=63, 48.1%), followed by an educational course (n=21, 16%), and patients/relatives (n=16, 12.2%). Most of the videos were of low quality. The DISCERN instrument ratings indicated that only 36.6% of the videos were of fair quality, and GQS assessment revealed that only 27.5% of videos scored ≥3 points. Conclusion: The OCD-related video content reviewed was largely inadequate. Information on the disease and distinction between symptoms, as well as treatment options, was insufficient. YouTube is a widely used information resource. Greater participation of mental health professionals could help to ensure access to high quality information on OCD, which could be of great benefit to patients and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extreme environment of the International Space Station (ISS) puts selective pressure on microorganisms unintentionally introduced during its 20+ years of service as a low-orbit science platform and human habitat. Such pressure leads to the development of new features not found in the Earth-bound relatives, which enable them to adapt to unfavorable conditions., Results: In this study, we generated the functional annotation of the genomes of five newly identified species of Gram-positive bacteria, four of which are non-spore-forming and one spore-forming, all isolated from the ISS. Using a deep-learning based tool-deepFRI-we were able to functionally annotate close to 100% of protein-coding genes in all studied species, overcoming other annotation tools. Our comparative genomic analysis highlights common characteristics across all five species and specific genetic traits that appear unique to these ISS microorganisms. Proteome analysis mirrored these genomic patterns, revealing similar traits. The collective annotations suggest adaptations to life in space, including the management of hypoosmotic stress related to microgravity via mechanosensitive channel proteins, increased DNA repair activity to counteract heightened radiation exposure, and the presence of mobile genetic elements enhancing metabolism. In addition, our findings suggest the evolution of certain genetic traits indicative of potential pathogenic capabilities, such as small molecule and peptide synthesis and ATP-dependent transporters. These traits, exclusive to the ISS microorganisms, further substantiate previous reports explaining why microbes exposed to space conditions demonstrate enhanced antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the microorganisms isolated from ISS we studied have adapted to life in space. Evidence such as mechanosensitive channel proteins, increased DNA repair activity, as well as metallopeptidases and novel S-layer oxidoreductases suggest a convergent adaptation among these diverse microorganisms, potentially complementing one another within the context of the microbiome. The common genes that facilitate adaptation to the ISS environment may enable bioproduction of essential biomolecules need during future space missions, or serve as potential drug targets, if these microorganisms pose health risks. Video Abstract., (© 2024. The Author(s).)